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西藏南部岗巴—定日地区花岗岩地球化学特征及其构造环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对出露于西藏南部岗巴—定日地区花岗岩体的地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO2,Al2O3,Na2O和FeO,MgO等的含量均高,贫CaO和Fe2O3;w(SiO2)介于71.40%～73.06%,A/CNK在1.17～1.34之间,为铝和硅过饱和类型的强过铝质花岗岩。岩石的稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为56.80×10-6～89.12×10-6,(La/Yb)N=6.30～18.26,(La/Sm)N=2.62～3.40,ΣLREE/ΣHREE=2.41～4.66;稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常。Nb,Ti等高场强元素具有明显的亏损,而Rb,U,La,Nd,Hf,Eu,Y等大离子亲石元素具有明显的正异常。岩石的87Sr/86Sr初始比值较高,87Sr/86Sr为(0.738 71～0.751 12)。综合研究认为,本区花岗岩的成因为陆壳部分熔融作用形成的,属陆壳改造型强过铝质花岗岩。本区花岗岩岩浆源区岩石成分主要为砂屑岩,其次为泥质岩,是上地壳部分熔融作用的结果。岩石的微量元素标准化曲线图、岩石地R1-R2图解、Rb-(Yb+Ta)和Rb-(Nb+Yb)图解均显示本区岩体形成于同碰撞构造环境的花岗岩,具有同碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是喜马拉雅早期印度板块与冈底斯板块的俯冲碰撞导致的地壳增厚,上地壳部分熔融的产物;为形成于同碰撞构造环境的花岗岩。 相似文献
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青海扎日加花岗岩地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扎日加花岗岩直接侵入到已发生褶皱的三叠纪地层中,岩石类型主要为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,两者呈渐变过渡关系,岩石具粗粒结构或斑状结构。地球化学研究显示,北巴颜喀拉扎日加花岗岩具有高硅〔w(SiO2)为66·29%～73·03%〕、高碱(ALK=6·59～9·26)、过铝质(ASI=1·45～1·648)的特征;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解表现出轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具中等至弱Eu的负异常;原始地幔标准化蛛网图表现出相对富集Cs、Rb、Ba、U等大离子亲石元素及LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、HREE等高场强元素,指示其为壳源型高钾钙碱性系列的强过铝质S型花岗岩。在主量元素构造判别图解FeO*/(FeO*+MgO)-SiO2和R1-R2及微量元素构造判别图解Rb-(Y-Nb)、Rb-(Yb+Ta)、Ta-Yb、Nb-Y及Rb-H-fTa上,所有点均落于同碰撞或后碰撞花岗岩区,且都落于Sr-Yb图的低Sr、低Yb区,表明扎日加花岗岩形成于巴颜喀拉山造山带陆内碰撞造山阶段的同碰撞至后碰撞初期,为挤压向拉张构造体制转变的过渡时期,以挤压构造环境为主。LA-ICP-MS微区原位U-Pb定年获得该岩体的侵位时间为200Ma左右,属晚三叠世—早侏罗纪,表明大场地区处于巴颜喀拉造山带陆内碰撞造山阶段的同碰撞向后碰撞初过渡时期,并且至少在(193±4)Ma时已进入伸展构造环境。对比已有的大场金矿成矿年龄,显示扎日加花岗岩与大场金矿的形成均为巴颜喀拉造山带陆内碰撞造山阶段的产物成岩与成矿之间可能存在内在联系。 相似文献
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对伊春地区南部中寒武世细中粒二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,岩石年龄为(504.1±5.4)Ma,是中寒武世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示该岩石具富碱、富钾的特征,高K_2O/Na_2O,低TFe O,属钾玄至高钾钙碱性系列。岩石总体上相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,A/CNK1.1,为强过铝质,显示出S型花岗岩的特征。R1-R2图解上大部分样品集中在同碰撞区和造山晚期花岗岩区;Rb-Hf-Ta图解上样品落在同碰撞-碰撞后构造花岗岩区;在Nb-Y图解上样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-(Y+Nb)图解上,样品落在同碰撞花岗岩区。该地区中寒武世细中粒二长花岗岩揭示了岩石形成于板块碰撞作用,表明伊春地区在中寒武世存在碰撞造山事件。在该时期佳木斯与松嫩—张广才岭板块已经拼合,并形成具有壳源特征的同碰撞花岗岩。 相似文献
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西藏曲珍过铝花岗岩地球化学特征及地球动力学意义 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
对西藏曲珍过铝花岗岩的地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO_2、Al_2O_3和K_2O的含量均很高,贫TiO_2和Fe_2O_3;SiO_2变化为72．72%～73．34%,为铝和硅过饱和类型,属典型的含白云母过铝质花岗岩(MPG)。稀土元素总量(∑REE)为99．71×10~(-6)-132．85×10~(-6),稀土元素配分曲线显示铕负异常明显,具负铈异常。Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素具有明显的负异常,而La、Nd、Y等大离子亲石元素具有明显的正异常。过铝指数图、微量元素标准化蛛网图、岩石组合R_1-R_2图解、Rb-(Y+Nb)和Nb-Y图解均指示曲珍岩体是产生于同碰撞环境的花岗岩,其定位机制与板片俯冲、碰撞后陆内调整有关。Sr和Nd同位素组成具非常负的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-14．8～-15．4)和非常老的Nd模式年龄,表明其来源可能是古老的上地壳物质,而ε_(Sr)(t)-ε_(Nd)(t)图解也支持其上地壳来源。岩体具有较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值(0．72699～0．73884)特征,据此推断曲珍过铝花岗岩成因是陆壳部分熔融作用产物。岩浆源区可能以粘土岩为主,砂质岩占次要地位,是成熟陆块部分熔融作用的结果。 相似文献
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青海祁漫塔格虎头崖矿区花岗岩地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于青海东昆仑祁漫塔格构造带内的虎头崖矿区花岗岩形成于中—晚三叠世,岩性主要由黑云母二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩组成,局部含闪长质暗色包体。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.71%~77.67%;K2O含量平均为4.7%;Na2O+K2O为7.86%~9.1%;K2O/Na2O平均为1.36。A/CNK比为1.01,KN/A比为0.86,属于高钾钙碱性系列的微过铝质I型花岗岩类。∑REE含量中等,平均为120.10×10-6;δEu值0.04~0.47;(La/Yb)N值为1.52~8.06。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线显示Eu负异常、HREE较平坦的右倾"V"型特征。岩体富集LIL和HFS元素,而Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti、P元素明显的负异常。微量元素蛛网图和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解显示各花岗岩体具有相同的岩浆源区。结合区域地层岩性特征、A/MF-C/MF图解和岩体微量元素蛛网图,认为虎头崖矿区花岗岩是基性源区部分熔融和地壳物质混合的产物。结合地质特征、构造演化背景、元素判别图解等,认为该地区花岗岩类形成的构造环境为碰撞造山期后阶段。 相似文献
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对大东山地区天堂岭岩体和中洞岩体黑云母二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得其成岩年龄分别为450.9±5.8Ma和448±9.1Ma,属加里东期。该期花岗岩具有富硅碱、高钾和强过铝特征,轻稀土富集、Eu强亏损,微量元素具有富集Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu),亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti特征,主量元素Na2O-K2O及A/MF-C/MF图解显示其源岩为变质砂岩部分熔融,Rb-(Y+Nb)图解落于后碰撞花岗岩区域,表明其形成于后碰撞构造环境,为地壳物质熔融改造型(S-型)花岗岩。 相似文献
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黑龙江霍龙门地区位于兴蒙造山带东部的兴安地块和松嫩地块接触带上,区内花岗岩类以晚古生代花岗岩为主,岩性主要为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩.研究区二长花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为(351.5±3.5)Ma,表明其形成于早石炭世.该时代岩石的主量元素具有高硅、略富铝、富碱质、低镁和贫钙的特征;微量元素表现出Th、Zr、Nd、Rb、K明显富集,而Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti明显亏损;稀土元素具有明显的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损的特征,有明显的负Eu异常,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较强.岩石总体上属于高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩.花岗岩的R1-R2构造环境判别图解与微量元素Rb-(Yb+Nb)、Rb-(Yb+Ta)构造环境判别图解显示,该期发育的早石炭世花岗岩为同碰撞与造山期后的环境,结合本区所处的构造环境推测研究区内早石炭世花岗岩应为兴安地块与松嫩地块北东向拼合挤压过程由碰撞俯冲阶段向后造山阶段构造转换过程的产物. 相似文献
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内蒙古林西朝阳沟早白垩世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林西县朝阳沟地区位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间的兴蒙造山带的东部.朝阳沟花岗岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,岩体的侵位时间为早白垩世(126.2±2.5 Ma).地球化学分析显示,该花岗岩体具有富硅(SiO_2=68.5%~72.1%)、铝(Al_2O_3=14.05%~14.95%)、碱(K_2O+Na_2O=8.34%~10.03%)和Fe_2O_3(2.27%~4.15%)的特点,属于准铝质碱性花岗岩系列;A/CNK=0.97~1.09,Mg#值较高,为12.66~15.02;稀土配分曲线呈明显的右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显;具有显著的Eu负异常和Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素.在(Yb+Nb)-Rb判别图解和R1-R2判别图解中,样品全部落于后碰撞花岗岩区和造山晚期花岗岩区.结合区域地质背景,认为该岩体形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境中. 相似文献
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《华北地质》2016,(3)
内蒙古赤峰市白音诺尔铅锌矿床是大兴安岭地区储量最大的铅锌矿床。该矿床位于白音乌拉火山机构的北部,矿区范围内出露二长花岗岩和花岗闪长(斑)岩侵入体,与黄岗梁组大理岩或结晶灰岩接触带附近发育系列矽卡岩,铅锌矿体主要产于透辉石矽卡岩中,属于矽卡岩型矿床。二长花岗岩地球化学显示富硅(SiO_2=68.98%~75.44%),高铝(Al_2O_3=12.49%~15.62%)、低镁(Mg=0.1%~1.25%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.73%~8.80%,Na_2O/K_2O=0.96~1.33)的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列的准铝质花岗岩。稀土配分呈轻稀土富集型分布模式,稀土总量变化于127.4×10-6~145.95×10-6之间,存在较弱的正Ce异常和明显的Eu负异常,微量元素表现为Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素富集,而Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素亏损的特征。在Rb-(Y+Nb)、Rb-(Yb+Ta)构造环境判别图解中,所有样品均落入火山弧花岗岩构造环境中。两件二长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS法U-Pb年龄为254.8±1.6 Ma和245.6±3.5 Ma,将岩浆岩侵入及相关的成矿作用限定为古生代末期,推测在晚古生代末期古亚洲洋局部残留洋盆的俯冲是形成白音诺尔二长花岗岩及成矿的动力学机制。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献