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1.
<正>Whalfera wiszniewskii sp.nov.is described from the Late Eocene Baltic amber.The genus Whalfera is considered as the only fossil genus confidently assigned to the Rhachlberothinae.Others previously placed in this subfamily belong to Paraberothinae(except perhaps for Oisea).The Late Eocene/present Rhachiberothinae and the Cretaceous Paraberothinae are considered to be the subfamilies of Berothidae. 相似文献
2.
花岗岩拓扑学的反思 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
花岗岩成因与大地构造环境相结合的研究是壳、幔动力学研究中的重要组成部分。文中以花岗岩热力学体系的某一拓扑学处理为基础 ,把地质环境、花岗岩侵位和岩石、矿物、化学元素的共生组合相结合 ,形成“三位一体” ,建立起了花岗岩拓扑学的观点 ,用以说明一个地区的大地构造旋回各个阶段的花岗岩系的属性 ,并以此反映出大地构造中的某些基本问题。在拓扑学处理中以代表花岗岩体系主要组分的KNCASH为基础 ,建立了一系列不同层次的元素判据 ,描绘出花岗岩系的演化痕迹。其中TAS图解居于首位 ,用以说明演化的主要趋向 ;Al及Alk饱和度图解说明在各个主要趋向中Al及Alk的变化以及它们与源岩和演化过程的关系 ;K2 O在整个体系中是一个灵敏指示计 ,KS、K/N以及岩石中的K2 O含量对评价陆壳的参与程度以及岩浆作用过程中的变化是有效的。在上述前提下 ,以中国的主要花岗岩为准提出了一个花岗岩岩系分类 ,待进一步修正。 相似文献
3.
The new genus and species Angustaeshna magnifica of Burmaeshnidae is described on the basis of a new fossil from Burmese amber. The genus Cretaeshna from the same amber is transferred from the Telephlebiidae into the Burmaeshnidae. We redefine this last family, no longer considered as the sister group of the Late Cretaceous Enigmaeshnidae, but as putative sister group of the Telephlebiidae in the Aeshnoidea. No known fossil belongs to the Telephlebiidae. 相似文献
4.
利用正则闭集概念在LF拓扑空间中引入了强正则闭分离性（分离性）概念,给出了它们的刻画,并证明了它们是LF拓扑性质,在LF拓扑空间的半正则化中的强正则闭分离性与加强了的T分离性是等价的. 相似文献
5.
A new tetraphalerin beetle, Tetraphalerus lindae sp. nov. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Archostemata) is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from northern Myanmar. This is the first species of this Jurassic-recent genus of archaic beetles to be described from amber inclusions, and is the first tetraphalerin cupedid from Burmese amber. This small, unusual Cretaceous Tetraphalerus is considered to belong to the T. bruchi species group of this now relict South American genus. 相似文献
6.
The topographic structure of the ocean bottom is investigated at different scales of resolution to answer the question: Can the seafloor be described as a fractal process? Methods from geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, are used to analyze the spatial structure of the ocean floor at different scales of resolution. The key to the analysis is the variogram criterion: Self-similarity of a stochastic process implies self-similarity of its variogram. The criterion is derived and proved here: it also is valid for special cases of self-affinity (in a sense adequate for topography). It has been proposed that seafloor topography can be simulated as a fractal (an object of Hausdorff dimension strictly larger than its topological dimension), having scaling properties (self-similarity or self-affinity). The objective of this study is to compare the implications of these concepts with observations of the seafloor. The analyses are based on SEABEAM bathymetric data from the East Pacific Rise at 13°N/104°W and at 9°N/104°W and use tracks that run both across the ridge crest and along the ridge flank. In the geostatistical evaluation, the data are considered as a stochastic process. The spatial continuity of this process is described by variograms that are calculated for different scales and directions. Applications of the variogram criterion to scale-dependent variogram models yields the following results: Although the seafloor may be a fractal in the sense of the definition involving the Hausdorff dimension, it is not self-similar, nor self-affine (in the given sense). Mathematical models of scale-dependent spatial structures are presented, and their relationship to geologic processes such as ridge evolution, crust formation, and sedimentation is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Is the ocean floor a fractal? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The topographic structure of the ocean bottom is investigated at different scales of resolution to answer the question: Can the seafloor be described as a fractal process? Methods from geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, are used to analyze the spatial structure of the ocean floor at different scales of resolution. The key to the analysis is the variogram criterion: Self-similarity of a stochastic process implies self-similarity of its variogram. The criterion is derived and proved here: it also is valid for special cases of self-affinity (in a sense adequate for topography). It has been proposed that seafloor topography can be simulated as a fractal (an object of Hausdorff dimension strictly larger than its topological dimension), having scaling properties (self-similarity or self-affinity). The objective of this study is to compare the implications of these concepts with observations of the seafloor. The analyses are based on SEABEAM bathymetric data from the East Pacific Rise at 13°N/104°W and at 9°N/104°W and use tracks that run both across the ridge crest and along the ridge flank. In the geostatistical evaluation, the data are considered as a stochastic process. The spatial continuity of this process is described by variograms that are calculated for different scales and directions. Applications of the variogram criterion to scale-dependent variogram models yields the following results: Although the seafloor may be a fractal in the sense of the definition involving the Hausdorff dimension, it is not self-similar, nor self-affine (in the given sense). Mathematical models of scale-dependent spatial structures are presented, and their relationship to geologic processes such as ridge evolution, crust formation, and sedimentation is discussed. 相似文献
8.
顾及拓扑面向实体的三维矢量数据模型 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
拓扑关系数据模型和面向实体的数据模型是两种典型的三维矢量数据模型。拓扑关系数据模型在表达复杂的地理实体的局部更新等方面存在一定的困难,而面向实体的数据模型存在拓扑关系处理复杂,存贮量大等缺点。针对这两个模型的优缺点,设计一个顾及拓扑面向实体的三维矢量数据模型,这是一种综合面向实体和拓扑关系的混合数据模型。这种模型具备了面向对象以及拓扑关系模型的优点,解决了地上三维景观、TIN和城市三维地质等应用对数据模型的要求。 相似文献
9.
Sahnioxylon rajmahalense（拉杰马哈尔萨尼木）在中国是首次报道.标本产于辽宁北票长皋乡喇嘛营和巴图营乡油房附近中体罗统髫髻山组.文中对Sahnioxylon与Phoroxylon（贼木）和Paradoxoxylon（奇木）的关系做了讨论,将Sahnioxylon andrewsii（安德鲁斯萨尼木）从Sahnioxylon中分出,另立一个新属Boseoxylon（鲍斯木属）;并认为Sahnioxylon,既不是本内苏铁类也不是真正被子植物的木材,它最有可能是晚古生代一种特殊的木材Guizhouoxylon（贵州木）经过晚三叠世的Paradoxoxylon向现存无导管的被子植物演化的一个中间环节,为一种无导管的被子植物的先驱类型. 相似文献
10.
Although the definitions of formal models used to represent spatial relations have gained increasing attention over the past 30 years, the linkage between topology and distance has not yet been effectively established. A topological relation model called the distance-based topological relation model (D-TRM) that considers both the topology and distance of spatial regions is proposed. The D-TRM is divided into two subtypes: the actual DTRM (AD-TRM) and the signed DTRM (SD-TRM). The actual distance is based on the distance in a two-dimensional space. The signed distance is based on the sign of the actual distance. Eight topological relations, namely, disjoint, meet, overlap, cover, contain, equal, coveredBy and inside, represented by the AD-TRM and SD-TRM are shown. The mutual exclusiveness among these eight topological relations represented by the SD-TRM is proven. The topological relation representations from the 9-intersection model (9IM), the splitting measures of the 9IM (SP-9IM), the SD-TRM and the AD-TRM are discussed, and the interoperability of each of the above models is summarised. The topological relation representation between the AD-TRM and the comprehensive set of 11 metric refinements is compared. The results show the following: (1) as the generalisation of the AD-TRM, the SD-TRM can concisely represent the topological relations; (2) the topology and distance between two spatial regions can be represented by the AD-TRM in a unified framework; (3) the AD-TRM provides a greater level of detail than the 9IM and (4) the D-TRM can express more distance information than the comprehensive set of 11 metric refinements. 相似文献
11.
本文描述了一件保存较为完整的和一件仅头部保存的小型古鳕类化石。这两件化石标本采自宁夏中卫市常乐镇上河沿村和下河沿村石炭纪纳缪尔期晚期土坡组顶部。这类古鳕类身体细长,鳞片不甚发育,部分有印痕保存。舌颌骨微前倾,从顶骨中间部位延伸到颌弓终端,上颌骨后缘向下凸起比向上凸起明显,鳃盖骨比下鳃盖骨略大,眼眶大,且位置靠前,奇鳍条分节分叉现象明显,歪尾型明显,尾鳍上叶缩短,逐步向小型歪尾型演变。总的说来这两件标本拥有更多的软骨硬鳞鱼类向全骨鱼类演化的特征,建议将其定位为古鳕目的一个新属,其科级分类单元的归属在拥有更多的化石资料后再行确定。 相似文献
12.
A new species of the extinct ant genus Baikuris Dlussky, 1987 (Formicidae: Sphecomyrminae) is described and figured from a male preserved in a piece of ∼100 Myr amber from Charentes, in southwestern France. Baikuris maximus sp. nov., is distinguished from other species notably by its larger size, its forewing with vein 2M+Cu absent and vein 3Cu tubular, and the presence of a subpetiolar process. The diagnosis of the genus is emended, and its distribution during the Cretaceous is briefly discussed. 相似文献
13.
14.
一种面向对象的三维地下空间矢量数据模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对地下空间的真三维连续特性以及建模过程的动态交互编辑与分析要求,提出了一种新的三维地下空间矢量数据模型。该模型采用面向对象思想对地下各种空间对象进行抽象描述;利用模型中的线段要素增强几何元素之间拓扑连接关系的维持,为地质体的切割和地下工程体的开挖等分析提供了算法上的便利;引入拓扑面更好地表达了地下空间对象之间的拓扑邻接关系。该模型在三维地下空间数据的存储管理、查询分析以及实时逼真绘制等方面都表现出较好的性能,适用于地下勘探工程的建模与分析。 相似文献
15.
Goodarz Ahmadi 《Mathematical Geology》1981,13(1):37-52
A previously developed continuum theory of granular media is applied to the problems of densification and liquefaction of saturated sand. An expression for the free energy of saturated sand is developed. The process of densification of sand subjected to cyclic shear stress is studied and several expressions for an increase of the solid volume fraction are obtained and discussed. The problem of the initial liquefaction of saturated sand samples under cyclic shear stress is then considered and several criteria relating the shear stress amplitude, over-burden pressure, time to liquefaction, and physical properties of the sand sample are established. Some semiempirical relations for field applications are also presented. 相似文献
16.
A Review on the Taxonomic, Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nelumbo Adans. （Nelumbonaceae） is an important member of the early-diverging eudicots. It contains two extant species： N. nucifera Gaertn. （the Sacred lotus）, distributed in Asia and Australia and N. lutea Willd. （the American lotus）, occurring in North America. This paper reviews the taxonomic, evolutionary and phytogeographic studies of the genus Nelumbo, and also raises scientific questions about it in further paleobotanic research. There are about 30 fossil species of Nelumbo established since the Early Cretaceous. Based on fossil studies, the ancestors of the extant N. nucifera and N. lutea are respectively considered to be N. protospeciosa from the Eocene to Miocene of Eurasia, and N. protolutea from the Eocene of North American. However, molecular systematic studies indicate that N. nucifera and N. lutea are probably split from a common ancestor during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, or even the Pleistocene, rather than separate relicts from extinct species on different continents. The characters of lotus stomatal development, seedling morphology as well as its flowering, pollination and fertilization in air reveal that it evolves from the land plants. Fossil data of Nelumbo indicates that the genus first occurs in mid-latitude area of Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous, then becomes widespread in North America and Eurasia and expands into Africa and South America during the Late Cretaceous; the genus probably colonizes the Indian Subcontinent from Asia during the Early Eocene after the collision of India and the Asian plates; the genus becomes extinct in Europe, but survives in Asia and North America during the Quaternary Ice Age, and later forms the present East Asia and North Australia-North America disjunctive distribution. 相似文献
17.
睡莲类植物ITS nrDNA序列的分子系统发育分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
睡莲类植物是目前植物分子系统学与进化研究的一个重要类群。核基因组的ITS区是核核糖体（nrDNA)转录单位的一部分。测定和分析了5个属的7种睡莲类植物的核核糖体ITS序列，并与GenBank中提取的相关序列进行了组合分析，初步获得了睡莲类植物的2个ITS系统树，结果也支持现有分子系统学研究中有关金鱼藻处于较原始位置的观点。 相似文献
18.
A new genus and species of isophlebioid, Parafleckium senjituense, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in China. As it has several significant structures currently considered as typical of either the Campterophlebiidae or the Isophlebiidae, and it helps to clarify knowledge of the morphology and taxonomy of this group of damsel-dragonflies. We propose an emendation of the diagnoses of these two families. 相似文献
19.
Topology has been used to characterise and quantify the properties of complex systems in a diverse range of scientific domains. This study explores the concept and applications of topological analysis in geology. We have developed an automatic system for extracting first order 2D topological information from geological maps, and 3D topological information from models built with the Noddy kinematic modelling system, and equivalent analyses should be possible for other implicit modelling systems. A method is presented for describing the spatial and temporal topology of geological models using a set of adjacency relationships that can be expressed as a topology network, thematic adjacency matrix or hive diagram. We define three types of spatial topology (cellular, structural and lithological) that allow us to analyse different aspects of the geology, and then apply them to investigate the geology of the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. 相似文献
20.
一种新的土壤冻融特征曲线模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤冻融特征曲线（SFTC）可以描述冻融过程中未冻水含量随负温的变化关系。准确刻画土壤冻融特征曲线对土壤的冻融过程及相关的水热耦合运移研究至关重要。以往研究中土壤冻融特征曲线适用范围较窄,无法满足实际需要。通过类比水分特征曲线,考虑初始含水量和溶质浓度对未冻水含量的影响,提出了一种新的冻融特征曲线模型,经广泛的文献数据验证表明,新模型能准确拟合观测数据,平均纳什效率系数高于0.95。与另外五种土壤冻融特征曲线模型相比,新模型在不同质地、初始含水量、溶质含量的土壤中表现良好。此外,敏感性分析显示,影响模型性能的主要因素为土壤自身物理特性、土壤溶质浓度以及残余水含量。新模型及研究结果有助于更好地理解土壤冻融过程中的水热传输过程,可为气候变化条件下冻融区生产建设和环境研究奠定坚实的理论基础,并为寒区工程相关数值模拟提供参考。 相似文献