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利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC／MS）对地下水和矿山废水中特殊的人为污染物（源于垃圾填埋场的渗漏水和渗流水）进行了分析。本文论证了一种用于研究污染物横向和纵向弥散，以及污染物呈现长期扩散特征的有机示踪剂方法的适用性。对环境中稳定的农药、增塑剂和医药品（指定来源的）进行了定量分析，例如N，N-二乙基甲苯酰胺、N-丁基苯磺酰胺、氯贝酸、Z-[（4-氯-邻用苯基）氧]丙酸和双酚A。结果发现，这些污染物发生了明显的横向弥散。虽然化合物浓度的瞬时变化较大，但未观测出任何明显趋势。 相似文献
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泉水作为济南市的城市名片,具有重要的经济和社会价值,把握泉域内突发污染质泄漏对其产生的影响至关重要。本文概化建立了济南市的水文地质概念模型,利用地下水非稳定流数值模型对济南市区泉群附近范围的地下水进行了分析研究,得到了济南市区泉域内地下水的时空分布规律及污染物运移特性。在此基础上,分析某新建项目污染质泄漏对地下水环境产生的影响,通过设置不同的横纵向弥散度对污染物运移特性进行探究。结果表明,在泉群附近区域内,污染物纵向运移过程中对流起主要作用,纵向弥散度的取值影响较小; 而污染物横向运移过程中弥散起主要作用,横向弥散度的取值影响较大。本研究成果对泉群附近的地下水环境保护及地下水污染防控具有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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油气田地区土壤-水环境中有机污染的数值模拟及模型预测 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对油气田地区的地下水污染日益突出问题，文章综合考虑石油类有机污染物在包气带中扩散、吸附解吸、分配和生物降解等环境行为，建立了土壤－水环境体系有机污染物迁移转化的非平衡动力学模型，并编制了RBCA有限元程序，预测污染物在土壤－水环境中浓度分布变化趋势，探讨了模拟参数κd、κ变化对有机污染物迁移的影响。模拟结果表明：吸附解吸速率参数的变化对污染物达到平衡状态起着决定性作用，其结果可为定量研究有机污染物在土壤－水环境中的归宿提供可靠的理论根据，同时为油气田勘探开发过程中的污染控制与治理措施提供依据和理论指导。 相似文献
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国内外广泛关注的新污染物主要包括抗生素、内分泌干扰物、全氟或多氟化合物等污染物质，这些污染物通过径流、扩散、渗透等多种途径进入水体环境。由于新污染物多具有生物累积性、生物毒性及环境持久性等特征，对水生生物、人体健康和生态安全构成潜在威胁，存在环境风险，因此，国家对其污染现状开始进行调查。随着中国新污染物污染状况调查评价工作的开展，快速、灵敏的检测方法成为研究热点。本文基于近年文献重点评述了水环境中新污染物的检测方法，并对方法的性能和优缺点作了对比。结果表明：(1)目前新污染物的检测方法以大型仪器检测方法为主。仪器检测方法的检测浓度低、精度高，对设备的要求高，从采样到测试分析得到结果的周期长，不适用于新污染物的现场快速检测。(2)传感检测技术和免疫分析技术逐步应用于新污染物的快速检测。其中电化学传感器和酶联免疫分析法相对成熟，应用较多，具有设备简单、检测时间短，灵敏度和精确度良好等优点，可开展现场快速检测。本文认为，(1)快速检测技术多针对单一污染物进行检测，而实现同时检测多种污染物质还需进一步研究；(2)多种检测技术相结合可以达到更好的检测效果，是未来新污染物检测的发展方向；(3)利用... 相似文献
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由污染物溢出或垃圾掩埋场沥出液污染的含水层通常是一个普遍的环境问题，典型的扇形污染羽经常在污染源的下游被观测到。这个大的横向污染羽扩散的原因已经成为过去数个研究的主题。 相似文献
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通过对原平市入河排污口的调查,从排污口的地理位置、排放方式、废污水性质、废污水量等进行了计算统计。采用等标污染负荷法和污染物浓度超标倍数法对排污口的污染程度进行了分析。指出原平市重点入河排污口的具体位置。 相似文献
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分析了有机污染物在土壤中的迁移转化机理，建立了非平衡吸附作用下渗滤液中有机污染物在土壤中迁移转化的动力学模型，给出了模型的数值解法，模拟出渗滤液在非平衡吸附作用下的污染过程；同时还探讨了模型参数降雨量p，垃圾土土层的厚度h，含水率θ等对有机污染物运移的影响。结果表明：在总的污染源一定的情况下，降雨量的增大和污染土层厚度的增大会使得下层土壤中有机物的浓度降低，为定量研究有机污染物在土壤-水环境系统中分配与归宿提供理论依据，同时也可为监测、治理和恢复地下水污染提供一定的科学根据。 相似文献
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邕江南宁段水质现状及防治对策探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据影响南宁地区最大的河流——邕江近年污染物排放状况和3个水质控制断面的氨氮、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和石油类等监测资料进行初步分析,本文主要从水质现状、主要污染因子和污染原因考察了邕江的水环境状况。结果显示,邕江水质总体上属于II~III类水质,但部分断面有恶化趋势,主要是溶解氧和氨氮超标;主要污染物为石油类、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数和五日生化需氧量,这表明邕江的污染类型属于典型的有机型污染。同时,也指出了邕江水质污染特征和主要存在的问题,并根据南宁市水污染的成因和水污染因素的分析,提出了保护和改善邕江水质的建议。 相似文献
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Determination of areas vulnerable to water pollution in river basins helps to generate appropriate water management protection plans. This study aims to define areas vulnerable to pollutants in a data-scarce karstic river basin in Turkey by using a holistic approach integrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the DRASTIC framework, and selected isotopes within a decision support system based on a geographic information system to delineate vulnerable areas. DRASTIC was used to show groundwater vulnerability to pollutants. The concentrations of isotopes 18O, 2H, and 3H in groundwater were used to define the vulnerable areas of the karst region. SWAT was utilized to show watershed vulnerability to pollutants in shallow aquifers. The recharge rate parameter in DRASTIC was obtained from SWAT. This methodological approach was applied to the Yuvacık Dam Basin in Kocaeli, part of the Marmara River Basin, as it is a good example of a karstic watershed. According to this study, each approach provides different vulnerabilities when applied separately. The final map obtained from the integrated approach shows that drinking water supplies in the northeast and northwest parts of the basin are highly vulnerable to pollution. All the karst spring catchments and areas near the basin outlet are highly vulnerable. Moreover, across all water samples taken across the basin, those exhibiting the highest concentrations in nitrate were all found in the areas mapped as highly vulnerable. The methodology was validated by analyzing nitrate concentration in 22 groundwater and surface-water samples.
相似文献13.
试论地质学在防洪减灾中的作用和意义——兼论长江防洪策略 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
流域洪灾的形成直接受到地质、地貌条件的制约。洪灾是由洪水引发的，但洪水并不等于洪灾，由暴雨发展为洪水、洪灾是一种外动力地质作用过程。暴雨是一种气象现象，洪水是一种水文现象，而暴雨→洪水→洪灾，则是一种地质过程。因此，地质学在防洪、减灾中具有重要意义。根据地质学原理，长江防洪策略为：①沿江干堤不宜继续加高；②干堤加固应因地（地质、地貌条件）制宜，要考虑到三峡工程可能引起的河流地质作用变化；③启用古河道分流泄洪；④“退田还湖”与“挖泥还湖”相结合；⑤“平垸行洪”与“民垸蓄洪”结合；⑥实施有计划地开提放淤工程，防洪与除渍结合；⑦区段综合治理与全流域系统治理结合。 相似文献
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Samia Khadhar Dhouha Achour Anis Chekirben Rim Chawachi Ammar Mlayah Abdelkrim Charef 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):522
El Bey river, which drains 60% of the pollutant load of several urban cities in the northeast of Tunisia, provides a good example of the transfer of organic and metallic pollutants that result from industrial and urban activity, and can be used to show how these charges are transported and discharged into the Gulf of Tunis. Persistent organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in dissolved, particulate matter, bed sediments, and three wastewater effluents in El Bey watershed were analyzed. PAH (∑14PAHs) concentration ranged from 0.248 to 9.955 mg L?1 and from 0.836 to 28.539 mg L?1 in dissolved and particulate fraction respectively. The particulate/dissolved partition coefficient value (Kd) was less than one which confirmed the affinity of PAH to be adsorbed. In sediment, the high-molecular weight PAHs were found principally with percentage between 50 and 100% witch present 239.99 to 5362.19 μg kg?1, which is relatively higher in comparison with other estuaries river. Contrary to PAH patterns, PCB were bound to dissolve fraction. Kd (PCB) value (Kd?>?1) reflected this affinity which is related to environment energy. The spatial distribution and profile of analyzed organic pollutants confirmed the direct impact of wastewater effluent on the organic pollution level in three compartment of El Bey watershed and his profiles suggested different transport patterns. 相似文献
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Khadhar Samia Achouri Dhouha Chekirben Anis Mlayah Ammar Azibi Rim Charef Abdelkrim 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(2):34
Toxic organic compounds in wastewater are serious threats for both human and environment healthy states. This study investigates the potential sources of surface water, sediment and groundwater pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) as discharged by wastewater into the River of Oued El bey in northeastern Tunisia. Analysis indicates that the concentration of PAHs and PCBs are high in wastewater and vary from 0.37 to 0.83 mg/L and from 0.28 and 1.18 mg/L, respectively. The spatial distribution of PAHs and PCB in surface water showed a variation between 0.37 to 9.91 mg/L and between 0.1 to 0.47 mg/L, respectively. However, the quality of surface water is changed after wastewater evacuation at Oued Tahouna. The determination of PAH and PCB pollutants in groundwater shows a great interest in the development of water resources. The Concentration of these pollutants varying from 0.0204 to 1.93 mg/L and from 0.0052 to 0.196 mg/L, respectively. For PAH, analysis reveals also that naphtelene, fluorene, anthracene and chrysene are the most detected PAHs compounds in water and sediment samples while benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene are less present and in trace level. Higher concentrations of PAHs and PCBs are found in samples taken close to industrial areas of Bouargoub and Soliman, and wastewater discharge locations in Soliman. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PAHs and PCBs clearly link their higher concentration in water and sediments to wastewater and manufacturing discharges in the study area. In surface sediment, the organic pollutants are present. The cluster analysis for organic pollutants in different state and different matrix highlight a relationship between the wastewater evacuation and the water qualities which confirmed the direct response of the pollution sources on the surface water and groundwater organic pollution quality. 相似文献
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广西南宁朝阳溪对浅层地下水污染特征研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
文章利用5个钻孔和3个水井监测资料,分析了广西南宁朝阳溪排污沟对周边浅层地下水的影响。结果表明,朝阳溪排污沟对周边浅层地下水产生了明显的污染,特征污染物为氨氮,浓度超过地下水环境质量Ⅲ类水质标准1~65.75倍,氨氮浓度随距朝阳溪的距离增大而逐渐减小,且具有季节变化特征,丰水期污染程度明显低于枯水期。分析认为,浅层地下水的三氮主要来源于排入朝阳溪的人畜粪便;多环芳烃主要来源于草、木、煤燃烧;DDT来源于历史残留,BHCs则来源于上游林丹的使用和远距离大气沉降。 相似文献
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Human activities in the karst Ozark Plateaus can impact water quality of springs where surface water is rapidly transferred
to subsurface conduits. Bennett Spring, in southern Missouri, is the fourth largest spring in the state and supports local
tourism activities. Questions regarding poorly functioning on-site wastewater systems (OWS) have raised concerns over the
long-term water quality of the spring. This study reports the results of a surface water quality monitoring program in the
recharge area where monthly samples were collected at base flow to identify potential pollution sources to the spring. Base
flow hydrology of the recharge area was highly variable over the study period, which was drier than normal, causing an incomplete
sampling record due to no flow conditions at some sites. For most of the year, nutrient levels were less than the eutrophic
threshold (ET) of 0.075 mg/l total phosphorus (TP) and 1.5 mg/l total nitrogen (TN). Sites that consistently displayed concentrations
of TP and TN higher than the ET were influenced by wastewater treatment plants (WTP) or OWS. Sites with nutrient concentrations
above the ET were likely influenced by the re-release of nonpoint source related TP and TN delivered to streams during storm
events. Water quality and discharge at the spring outlet remained consistent over the sampling period suggesting diffuse recharge
from a deep aquifer source is able to dilute shallow ground water sources carrying nonpoint pollutants at base flow. Historical
and regional data comparisons show these trends have been consistent over at least the last two decades. 相似文献
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采用平面水流、水质有限体积法及黎曼近似解模型,在无结构网格上对偏微分方程进行有限体积法的积分分离散,模型具备有限单元法及有限体积法两者的优点。采用同步遥感、水量、水质实测资料对模型进行了率定验证,在对长江水源地、沿江污染源调查以及岸线稳定段分析结果基础上,进行污染源概化以及确定主要研究江段。在对概化的污染源计算出在设计条件下的污染带分布图,并计算出污染带长、宽随排污量变化曲线;在上述研究基础上,分析出长江各水源地及岸线稳定段的水质变化状况。对长江江苏段各主要排污口的污染带进行了计算,并对长江江苏段区域供水水源地的水质可达性进行了研究。 相似文献
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N. Kosheleva E. Karabanov A. Kositskiy D. Williams S. Armstrong 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):118
A channel account approach is proposed to estimate longitudinal changes in runoff along large river systems. This new method provides a quantitative basis for describing the fluvial transport of suspended particulate material and dissolved substances. This method includes an evaluation of basic elements of water balance in separate sections of the river network and subsequent correction of channel accounting equations for the entire system using a maximum likelihood principle. To calculate water discharges of tributaries that have no hydrological information, structural analysis of river network is performed. This approach provides less error in comparison with traditional methods of estimating lateral inflow. The method is used to trace water discharge with increasing distance along the Lena river basin and to evaluate the contribution of geologically and lithologically uneven sub-basins in water discharge formation during a summer low water period. 相似文献