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中亚造山带西部的西准噶尔地区是古生代洋陆构造转换最显著的地区之一,但是关于该地区洋陆转换的具体时间和地壳演化至今仍存在诸多争议。本文以西准噶尔地区的庙尔沟岩体及其西北侧新发现的柱状节理流纹岩为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb定年的方法,判断庙尔沟岩体的年龄为302.8～308.8 Ma,柱状节理流纹岩的年龄为303.6～294.5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试结果显示,庙尔沟岩体和柱状节理流纹岩都具有相似的高~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值和高正ε_(Hf)(t)值,具有亏损地幔的源区属性,可能来源于下地壳底部残余洋壳或火山岛弧等新生地壳发生部分熔融。结合区域地质资料和前人研究成果,将西准噶尔地区由大洋俯冲向陆内环境转变的时间限定为晚石炭—早二叠世,其基底可能是以新元古代晚期—晚古生代形成的年轻洋壳和岛弧为主,不存在古老的结晶基底。 相似文献
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北山南部早二叠世A型流纹岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
北山南部晚古生代构造背景争议已久,该区下二叠统普遍发育一套流纹岩系,但尚未对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究。本文首次对该区下二叠统5条代表性剖面中的流纹岩进行了元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩Sr-Nd及锆石Hf同位素等研究。U-Pb年龄介于294. 7～272. 7Ma之间,结合古生物资料,明确其喷发时代为早二叠世。该区早二叠世流纹岩大多属高钾钙碱性系列,呈钙碱-碱钙质,为准铝-过铝质岩石。岩石主量元素Si、K、Na、Fe含量高,贫Ca、Mg;微量元素富集Ga、Rb、Zr、Hf、Y,亏损Ba、Sr等;稀土元素存在明显负Eu异常;呈现高Fe OT/MgO与10000×Ga/Al比值,这些特征表明该区早二叠世流纹岩为A型流纹岩。独山剖面流纹岩锆石具有高的εHf(t)值(+11. 4～+16. 7),Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为231～573Ma;干泉剖面流纹岩锆石εHf(t)值为-8. 8～+8. 9,Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为802Ma～1961Ma;珊瑚井和俞井子剖面中的流纹岩具有低的εNd(t)值(-4. 21～-2. 92),高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7108～0. 7223),Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1256～1386Ma,其锆石εHf(t)为正值(+1. 3～+17. 0)(tDM2为691～1797Ma);沙红山南剖面流纹岩εNd(t)值(-2. 00～-1. 81)较低,Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1207～1222Ma,锆石εHf(t)值介于+1. 6～+10. 7(tDM2为623～2576Ma)。地球化学特征表明独山剖面的流纹质岩浆为古生代新生地壳的重熔,其它剖面酸性火山岩岩浆则主要为中新元古代地壳物质熔融所形成,揭示了北山南部早二叠世岩石圈伸展减薄的地球动力学背景,结合该区构造岩浆事件序列、地层学以及沉积学等其它地质学证据,认为北山南部早二叠世为裂谷环境。 相似文献
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东准噶尔琼河坝岛弧早古生代岩浆活动的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
东准噶尔琼河坝桑德乌兰斑岩铜钼矿区含矿花岗斑岩透长石、石英斑晶粒内破裂构造发育,锆石普遍发育具核内破裂构造或碎裂状的核。破碎的锆石核与透长石、石英斑晶可能形成于深部岩浆房。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,破碎变形的锆石核年龄为442.2±3.5Ma,锆石环带的年龄为412.7±3.3Ma,前者代表破碎变形锆石的形成时间,后者代表斑岩侵位与结晶的时间。Hf同位素结果显示,破碎的有核锆石与其外环带具一致的εHf(t)初始值与tDM2模式年龄,它们可能为同一岩浆或成因相同的岩浆不同阶段结晶的产物。这意味着琼河坝地区在早古生代(至少在442Ma)就开始有弧岩浆活动。幔源特征的εHf(t)值(10.3～15.1)与较老的模式年龄(tDM2=469～761Ma)显示形成研究区花岗斑岩的岩浆可能源于晚元古代-奥陶纪玄武质地壳的部分熔融。 相似文献
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基性岩墙群对探讨岩石圈伸展过程、时空演化及深部动力学等方面具有重要意义。为了厘定东准噶尔琼河坝地区岩墙群的形成时代、源区地幔性质、成岩构造背景、岩石成因及其与区域上的其他岩浆作用的成因关系,揭示东准噶尔古生代的地球动力学背景,对侵入到绿石沟岩体花岗岩中的暗色岩墙群进行了遥感卫星影像解译,并从野外地质、岩石学、矿物学、年代学、锆石Hf-O同位素和地球化学等方面进行了系统研究。绿石沟岩体中岩墙存在闪长玢岩和辉绿玢岩岩墙的岩石组合,它们的锆石LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,闪长玢岩、辉绿玢岩岩墙形成时代分别为346±1 Ma和～332 Ma。辉绿玢岩岩墙的锆石εHf(t)值为+10. 2～+15. 4,对应的二阶段Hf模式年龄为0. 35～0. 67 Ga,其锆石δ18O值主要变化范围为5. 00‰～6. 41‰。这些同位素特征表明其具有亏损地幔源区的物质组成。矿物学研究表明,辉绿玢岩岩墙中的角闪石为浅闪石、铁浅闪石,其结晶温度范围为896～984℃,压力为41～88 MPa,对应结晶深度约1. 54～3. 31 km;辉石为透辉石,辉石-熔体平衡时的岩浆温度为1 092～1 099℃,压力为500～630 MPa,推测形成辉绿玢岩辉石岩浆房的存储深度为16. 5～20. 8 km。东准噶尔琼河坝地区大量中基性岩墙构成的岩墙群可作为区域伸展构造的重要标志,结合前人对该区构造背景认识,认为琼河坝地区在早石炭世时可能处于后碰撞伸展拉张环境,这为探讨东准噶尔乃至中亚造山带西段的古生代的地球动力学环境演变提供了新依据。 相似文献
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西昆仑乌孜别里山口南侧一带火山岩地层的时代归属一直存有争议.该套地层虽普遍发育以流纹岩为主的火山岩系,但尚未有人对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究.本次研究对该套地层中的流纹岩进行元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素的研究.流纹岩激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb年龄为(521.0±2.8)Ma,表明其形成于早寒武世.流纹岩具有高硅富碱的特点,为过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(P、Ti),具有中等Eu负异常,流纹岩具有高分异S型花岗岩的特征.锆石Hf同位素初始比值 εHf(t)变化范围在?0.9～4.1之间,主要为正值,两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)介于1533～1229 Ma之间,显示乌孜别里地区流纹岩为中元古代新生地壳物质重熔形成的岩浆,经较高程度的分异演化而成.结合前人研究成果,推断研究区流纹岩形成于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下岩浆弧构造环境. 相似文献
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西准噶尔托里地区卡拉岗组火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对西准噶尔托里地区卡拉岗组火山岩进行了系统的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究。卡拉岗组火山岩从底部到顶部依次发育6个岩性段,其中中下部第4岩性段英安岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(298±3)Ma,为晚石炭世-早二叠世产物。火山岩整体上为准铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石,富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素。火山岩及周围同时代A型花岗岩的年龄、主微量元素、Sr-Nd及锆石Hf同位素综合对比表明,卡拉岗组火山岩主要源于新生地壳的部分熔融。火山岩相关构造判别图解及区域构造-岩浆演化综合研究显示,卡拉岗组火山岩与区域上A型花岗岩均形成于后碰撞伸展环境。卡拉岗组火山岩的形成表明,西准噶尔晚古生代增生造山作用应早于晚石炭世。 相似文献
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东准噶尔扎河坝地区古生代晚期火山岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
东准噶尔扎河坝地区古生代晚期火山岩——原巴塔玛依内山组为一套中基性和酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩。采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年方法对其中的流纹岩进行定年,年龄为275.6±2.8Ma(MSWD=1.1),表明这套岩石发育于早二叠世。对这套二叠纪火山岩中的玄武岩进行地球化学分析,具有高TiO2含量、高钾富碱的特点,属于典型的橄榄粗玄岩系列;强烈富集不相容元素和轻稀土元素,显示出源区富集的特点。综合对比新疆北部及邻区（三塘湖地区、红柳河地区、柳园地区及萨吾尔地区）同期的火山岩,扎河坝地区这套二叠纪火山岩形成于后碰撞伸展构造背景,这对研究本地区大地构造格局具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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黔西南白层超基性岩墙锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成研究 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
文章对黔西南白层地区出露的燕山期超基性岩墙进行了单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成研究,获得A、B两组不同的锆石年龄.A组锆石呈不规则粒状,具不完整的宽大条带,12颗锆石的 SHRIMP U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(84±1)Ma,代表了超基性岩墙的侵位年龄;锆石Hf原位分析表明,176Hf/177Hf从0.282561到0282719,εHf(84 Ma)平均为-3.61,表明岩浆源区主要以富集地幔为主,并受到部分地壳物质的混染.B组锆石晶形完整,具典型的中酸性岩浆型振荡环带,3颗锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb模式年龄为409～450 Ma.176Hf/177Hf从0282379到0282440,εHf(t)平均为-3.77,均低于A组锆石,属于捕获锆石.据此认为84 Ma左右由于华南岩石圈伸展,软流圈地幔上涌,导致岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融,熔体上升过程中与409～450 Ma左右形成的少量地壳岩石发生混染,随后快速侵位冷凝而形成基性-超基性岩墙.白层地区84 Ma的超基性岩浆活动是整个华南西部燕山晚期(80～90 Ma)岩浆活动的一部分.右江褶皱带周缘的燕山晚期岩浆活动主要与大规模的Sn、W、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等矿床有关,但右江褶皱带内部的燕山晚期岩浆活动是否与以卡林型金矿为代表的低温热液矿床有成因上的联系,尚需更多矿床年代学资料的证实. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献