共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为高效高精度地模拟流域雨洪过程,应用动力波法求解二维圣维南方程,并耦合水文过程,建立了包含流域降雨产流、汇流、下渗以及洪水演进等过程的高性能流域雨洪数值模型。该模型的优势在于使用非结构网格,可较好地处理不规则边界,准确贴合复杂地形表面,使得模型能精确计算模拟流域雨洪过程,同时引入GPU技术加速计算,使得大尺度流域雨洪计算成为可能。最后,将模型应用于V型经典算例及2个实际流域雨洪算例,所得结果与实测吻合较好,计算所用时间较短,表明该模型可以快速且精确模拟流域雨洪过程。研究结果有助于实现对实际流域雨洪灾害进行合理高效的预测,为应急抢险工作提供有力支撑。 相似文献
2.
This study documents hydrological changes resulting from urbanization of the upper sub-basin of White Rock Creek watershed
in Collin and Dallas counties, Texas. The 172-km2 watershed was transformed from 87% rural in 1961 to 95% urban in 2002, following construction of the Dallas suburbs of Richardson,
Addison, Plano and Frisco. The objective of the study was to investigate changes in the storm response of White Rock Creek
in terms of peak storm flow, storm flow volume and lag time. The approach employed to compare pre- and post-urbanization hydrology
was to develop average unit hydrographs for each time period and use them to generate the creek’s storm flow response to a
set of six hypothetical precipitation events. The results suggest that substantial hydrological changes have occurred. The
average infiltration capacity of the watershed was reduced by about 60% so that storm flow was generated at lower precipitation
intensities in the post-urbanization period. Storm flow peak discharge and volume were more than doubled for a hypothetical
10-year precipitation event. Average lag time was about 49 min shorter in the post-urbanization period. Urbanization has significantly
impacted the storm response of the creek and increased the potential for flooding. It is anticipated that similar hydrological
changes will occur in other rapidly urbanizing watersheds in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan region. Watershed managers
should take likely changes in storm response into account when planning future storm water management needs. 相似文献
3.
DEM是目前用于流域地形分析的主要数据,基于DEM的水文模拟技术,在流域地形分析及水系构建等方面已形成了比较成熟的算法,给传统的水文模拟技术带来了根本性的变化。以蒲石河流域山区为例,借助流域水文软件WMS,结合ARCVIEW和SURFER软件,计算了流域的面积、周长、坡度与形状因子等参数。在生成山区数字高程模型的基础上,采用WMS嵌入的HEC-1模型对一场降雨进行了降雨径流模拟研究。 相似文献
4.
我国南方岩溶流域和非岩溶流域下垫面条件和含水介质结构的差异造成了不同的产汇流过程及机制,进而导致不同释水时段径流组分的开发利用价值不同。为深入理解岩溶流域的产汇流机制并探索岩溶流域的水资源评价方法,文章对鄂西庙沟岩溶流域和高家坪非岩溶流域共31次洪水过程进行了流量衰减分析,对比分析了两个流域的标准衰减方程、典型次降雨的释水过程以及不同洪峰流量下的径流组分差异。结果表明:岩溶流域的释水过程快于非岩溶流域,其衰减系数比非岩溶流域大40％;两个流域的河流基流均来自裂隙介质释水,裂隙介质为流域的主要储水空间,但非岩溶流域的裂隙介质比例比岩溶流域高8.8％;随洪峰流量增加,两个流域的地表径流占比均呈对数形式增大,地下径流占比均呈对数形式减小;岩溶流域径流组分随洪峰流量变化比非岩溶流域更为敏感,其地表径流占比变幅为4％~40％,而非岩溶流域则始终小于10％。文章定量评价了管道和裂隙介质在流域中的导水及储水功能,在进一步刻画岩溶流域产汇流过程及机制方面进行了有益的探索,研究结果可为岩溶山区水资源评价和流域水文模型的改进提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
随着计算机技术的发展,以消息传递接口(MPI)标准为代表的高性价比集群计算技术使并行计算在大量传统的专业领域也得到了广泛应用.数字流域模型因需要对大范围流域进行分布式的水文、泥沙过程模拟而提出了较大规模的计算需求.同时,基于分水岭的单元划分方式和专门的河网编码方法使数字流域模型的并行化计算具有先天优势.提出了一种典型的并行调度流程,用于完成产汇流计算的动态任务分配.在自主搭建的MPI计算集群上进行的应用实验表明,集群计算提高了数字流域模型的计算效率,能够作为模型的计算平台.最后指出了此应用计算平台的发展方向. 相似文献
6.
Dongquan Zhao Jining Chen Haozheng Wang Qingyuan Tong Shangbing Cao Zheng Sheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):465-472
Rainfall-runoff models play an important role in urban water resource management. The storm water management model (SWMM) developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a widely used dynamic rainfall-runoff model for analyzing quantity and quality problems associated with urban drainage systems. In an ideal situation, the SWMM model would be designed and analyzed using a collection of catchment modeling systems. Traditionally, catchment discretization for rainfall-runoff modeling is performed manually on watershed maps, a time-consuming job with less-than-accurate results. An alternative approach to catchment discretization based on geographic information system (GIS) is proposed in this paper. The automatic discretization approach was successfully applied to rainfall-runoff modeling in Macau using a SWMM model. The results showed that the proposed approach outperformed the conventional catchment-discretization method in terms of producing meaningful parameters and avoiding most of the tedious preliminary tasks.
相似文献7.
Shin-jen Cheng 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(3):767-784
This study mainly explores the best relationship between hydrograph parameters and urbanized factors in urbanized areas. Urbanization
of a developing watershed is analyzed through 51 available rainfall-runoff simulations from 1966 to 2002. Forty of these rainfall-runoff
events were calibrated to determine the relationships between impervious area and urbanized factors. During the calibration
process, the block Kriging method was used to estimate the mean rainfall, and its hourly excesses were calculated by nonlinear
programming. Then, clear tendencies between parameters and urbanized factors were produced by comparing the results of the
annual average and optimal interval methods. The remaining eleven cases were used to verify the established relationships.
The calibration and verification results confirm that the integral approaches used in this study can effectively illustrate
the hydrological and geomorphic conditions in complex urbanized processes. Parameter n responds more sensitively than parameter k to increasing impervious area and population density. Additionally, parameter n responds more strongly to imperviousness than to population. Therefore, this study demonstrates that an impervious area is
the main consequence of ongoing urbanization in the Wu-Tu watershed. The satisfactory results show that kernel response of
the watershed would be more sharp-pointed and be shifted forward in peak due to an increased impervious cover. 相似文献
8.
Evaluation of several techniques for estimating stormwater runoff in arid watersheds 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Nidal Hadadin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1773-1782
Several traditional techniques have been used for estimating storm-water runoff from ungauged watersheds. Some of these techniques were applied to watersheds of Rashadia in south-eastern desert of Jordan. When engineers apply rainfall-runoff models for hydrologic design, there are difficulties in defining and quantifying peak discharges that are required to design different types of hydraulic structures. The lack of data presents major difficulties for rainfall-runoff modeling in arid regions. These regions have characteristically high rainfall intensity and consequent flash floods. The specific objectives of this study are: (1) apply synthetic hydrographs for estimating peak discharges from limited hydrological data. (2) Evaluate the reliability of six techniques to accurately estimate storm-water runoff; and, to evaluate the runoff that is required to design hydraulic structures such as bridges, culverts and dams. (3) Estimate the flood resulting from direct runoff after subtracting all the loses such as: the infiltration, interflow and evaporation. (4) Develop a simple regression relationship between peak flow discharges and catchment areas. The results show that there is uncertainty in determining the accuracy of storm-water volume, this is due to several methods were utilizing the estimation the hydrographs base time, but promising results in predicting the peak flow discharge. 相似文献
9.
针对目前研究流域地貌特征与流域水文响应的指标具有随意性、主观性以及地貌特征与流域水文响应之间相关性较多、定量化较少等现象,求解出河道和坡面水流运动方程的格子玻尔兹曼方法解,进而构建了基于LBM的汇流模型,计算出黑龙江流域25个研究流域的单位线。分析了单位线要素与流域面积、流域长度和流域宽度之间的相关性,并给出了定量公式。研究结果表明:时间面积曲线由于受到水动力扩散作用比距离面积曲线变得平滑,可以用单位化的时间面积曲线定量单位线,但当一个流域的时间面积曲线有多个大的极值接近时峰现时差和洪峰拟合的不好。研究结果可为定量化流域水文响应和流域水文模型的参数率定提供方法和定量公式。 相似文献
10.
黑河上游高寒山区集水面积阈值确定方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国高寒山区河流的最佳集水面积阈值确定的问题, 选取黑河上游山区为研究区, 利用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型的流域离散模块(watershed delineator)基于DEM提取河网, 探讨河网总长度与集水面积阈值关系曲线法和适度指数法在高寒山区的适用性. 结果表明: 两种方法所对应的最佳集水面积阈值相差较大, 所提取的河网难以反映河流真实情况, 效果较差, 主要原因是上述方法仅考虑流域面积、地形和几何特征的影响, 缺乏对降水和其他下垫面因子的综合考虑. 相较而言, 利用蓝线河网推求最佳集水面积的适度指数法的效果较好. 在高寒山区进行河网提取时, 应综合考虑影响河网发育的各个因素, 在流域分区的基础上, 通过不同集水面积阈值实验, 获取更高精度的数字河网, 改善分布式水文模型的空间离散效果. 相似文献
11.
12.
Four applied hydrologic methods were used to estimate the 50-year peak storm discharge (Q50) from a 15.8-ha agricultural (67%) and forested (33%) watershed in North Carolina, U.S.A. The methods (and Q50 results) were the NCDOT (North Carolina Department of Transportation) method (0.42 m3/s), the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) regression method (0.50 m3/s), the rational method (1.2 m3/s), and the NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) TR-55 method (2.6 m3/s). The wide range of results (coefficient of variation=84%, factor of >6 between highest and lowest estimates) indicates significant inaccuracy in one or more of the methods, and presents a practical problem for use of the methods in the design of drainage systems. The NRCS method likely overestimates Q50, and the NCDOT and USGS methods have other potential drawbacks for the study watershed. The least problematic approach in this case is probably the rational method. The best estimate of Q50 from the study watershed is likely ~1 m3/s. The results suggest the importance of developing improved methods for estimation of peak storm discharge from small, rural watersheds. 相似文献
13.
This paper investigates the effect of rainstorm movement on the peak discharge response (PDR) of drainage networks by comparing it with the corresponding equivalent stationary and uniform rainfall. A synthetic circular watershed is introduced to avoid biases from interaction between catchment geometry and storm orientation. The drainage network of the watershed is simulated by the Gibbsian model to examine the effect of network configuration on the peak response depending on the storm kinematics. This study utilizes two types of the equivalent stationary storm (ESS): the average rainfall intensity over the entire catchment (ESSAV) and the point stationary rainfall intensity (ESSQ) to evaluate the effect of moving rainstorms in terms of the PDR. The results show that there exists an interval in which the same rainfall duration produces higher peak responses for moving storms compared with ESSQ. The augmentation of the peak response by moving rainstorm is dependent on the relative rainstorm speed, size, and direction as well as drainage network configuration of the catchment; especially, the results show that a less efficient network tends to mitigate the effect of rainstorm movement on peak response. In contrast, a more efficient network is more sensitive to storm kinematics and the peak response increases compared with ESS. Therefore, the results in this study imply a potential improvement in urban drainage networks in terms of efficiency as well as safety to moving rainstorms. Also, this study suggests the range of variation in peak flows due to storm kinematics compared with the ESS, which can be a reference to the current design practices. 相似文献
14.
GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala, India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N. S. Magesh K. V. Jitheshlal N. Chandrasekar K. V. Jini 《Earth Science Informatics》2012,5(2):111-121
GIS and Remote Sensing have proved to be an indispensible tool in morphometric analysis. The identification of morphometric
properties based on a geographic information system (GIS) was carried out in two watersheds in the Thrissur district of Kerala,
India. These watersheds are parts of Western Ghats, which is an ecologically sensitive area. Quantitative geomorphometric
analysis was carried out for the Chimmini and Mupily watersheds independently by estimating their (a) linear aspects like
stream number, stream order, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, length of overland
flow, drainage pattern (b) aerial aspects like circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density and (c) relief aspects
like basin relief, relief ratio, relative relief and ruggedness number. The drainage areas of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds
are 140 and 122 km2 respectively and show patterns of dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage. The Chimmini watershed was classified as a sixth order
drainage basin, whereas Mupily watershed was classified as a fifth order basin. The stream order of the basin was predominantly
controlled by physiographic and structural conditions. The increase in the stream length ratio from lower to higher order
suggests that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. The development of stream segments is affected by rainfall
and local lithology of the watersheds. The slope of both watersheds varied from 0° to 50° and 0° to 42° respectively and the
slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. Moreover, these studies are useful for planning
rain water harvesting and watershed management. 相似文献
15.
概念性水文模型数量众多,判断模型是否适合研究流域可以通过模拟结果来体现,但是熟悉流域的产汇流特性可以筛选模型,从根源上大量减少工作量,也可以解决相似流域无资料的问题。选取6种概念性水文模型,以马渡王、板桥和志丹这3个半湿润与半干旱流域为研究区域,探讨流域特性与模型结构之间的关系,并通过降雨和地形地貌分析其对模型模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明,流域地形及植被对产汇流过程有重要影响,由于局部产流现象严重,河道坡度影响大于流域平均坡度,当区域气候条件相差不大时,地形地貌比降雨对流域产汇流特性影响更大。因此对于水文模型的选择,可以在熟悉流域产汇流特性的基础上因地制宜,必要时可以增加适合研究流域的模块来获得更好的预报,在半干旱与半湿润流域,同时具有蓄满和超渗机制的模型能得到更好的应用。 相似文献
16.
为实现中小流域降雨径流过程精细化模拟, 合理估算水文模型参数的空间分布具有重要意义。基于新版全球数字土壤制图系统(SoilGrids)构建栅格新安江模型(GXM)参数化方案, 对陕西省陈河流域2003—2012年16场洪水进行模拟, 与新安江模型计算结果进行对比, 开展基于洪水过程划分的自由水蓄水容量敏感性及空间分布特征量化分析。结果表明: GXM模拟的峰现时间误差水平降低约0.31 h, 洪峰和洪量模拟精度较高, 模型能够对土壤水饱和度等水文要素的动态空间分布进行较合理的模拟; 自由水蓄水容量参数对洪峰和涨洪过程的确定性系数以及涨洪段的洪量相对误差影响较大, 对退水过程影响小; 自由水蓄水容量在陈河流域河谷和山脊附近较大, 坡段中部较小。 相似文献
17.
18.
P. D. Sreedevi S. Owais H. H. Khan S. Ahmed 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(4):543-552
An attempt has been made to study drainage morphometry and its influence on hydrology of Wailapalli watershed, South India.
For detailed study we used Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data for preparing Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect
grid and slope maps, Geographical information system (GIS) was used in evaluation of linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric
parameters. The study reveals that the elongated shape of the basin is mainly due to the guiding effect of thrusting and faulting.
The lower order streams are mostly dominating the basin. The development of stream segments in the basin area is more or less
affected by rainfall. The mean Rb of the entire basin is 3.89 which indicate that the drainage pattern is not much influenced
by geological structures. Relief ratio indicates that the discharge capability of these watersheds is very high and the groundwater
potential is meager. These studies are very useful for planning rainwater harvesting and watershed management. 相似文献
19.
天山南坡黄水沟与清水河寒区流域极端水文事件对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冰川、积雪和冻土变化产生的水文效应对下游水资源供给具有重要影响,近几十年来新疆区域洪水呈显著加重趋势,尤其是南疆区域洪水明显加剧. 以天山南坡黄水沟与清水河寒区流域为研究区域,通过分析水文站极端水文事件,结合流域上游山区巴伦台气象站资料,研究了高寒山地流域在气候变化背景下极端水文过程出现时间、年最大和最小径流的响应特征. 结果表明：1986年是水文过程的突变点,从1986年开始随着降水、气温的增加,河流径流量呈增加趋势;最大年径流出现时间从6月中下旬推迟到7月下旬;最大径流和最小径流与年径流量呈正相关关系,最大径流与夏季降水关系密切,而最小年径流与冬春季的气温关系密切. 随着1986年以来的气温升高,冻土退化产生的水文效应使冬季径流增加明显,也使年最小径流明显增大;1986年以来降水变化决定着年径流量增加,使年最大径流集中出现在夏季且量级增大. 总体来讲,20世纪80年代中期以后山区河流年极端洪峰量增大,洪水量增多,年际间变化幅度明显增大,从而对下游造成更严重的灾害. 因此,加强气候变化对寒区流域水资源和洪水灾害的影响评估,使科学技术在减灾方面发挥主导作用. 相似文献