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ISA model: A constitutive model for soils with yield surface in the intergranular strain space 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this article, a new constitutive model for soils is proposed. It is formulated by means of plasticity, but in contrast to the precedent works, it presents a yield function describing a surface within the intergranular strain space. This latter is a state variable providing information of the recent strain history. An expression for the plastic strain rate has been proposed to guarantee the stress rate continuity. Under the application of medium or large strain amplitudes, the constitutive equation becomes independent of the intergranular strain and delivers a mathematical structure similar to some Karlsruhe hypoplastic models. Some simulations of monotonic and cyclic triaxial test are provided to evaluate and analyze the model performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The analysis of geotechnical problems involving saturated soils under cyclic loading requires the use of advanced constitutive models. These models need to describe the main characteristics of the material under cyclic loading and undrained conditions, such as the rate of the pore water pressure accumulation and the stress attractors. When properly doing so, the models are expected to be reliable for their use in boundary value problems. In this work, an extension of the widely implemented intergranular strain model by Niemunis and Herle (Mech Cohes Frict Mater 2(4):279–299, 1997) is proposed. The modification is aimed to improve the capabilities of the model when simulating a number of repetitive cycles, where a proper reduction of the strain accumulation is expected. For validation purposes, the reference model and proposed improvement are compared against some monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests. The results indicate that the intergranular strain improvement model provides a more realistic prediction of the accumulation rates under cyclic loading, without spoiling the advantages of the original formulation.
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A hypoplastic constitutive model for clays 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D. Ma&#x;ín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(4):311-336
This paper presents a new constitutive model for clays. The model is developed on the basis of generalized hypoplasticity principles, which are combined with traditional critical state soil mechanics. The positions of the isotropic normal compression line and the critical state line correspond to the Modified Cam clay model, the Matsuoka–Nakai failure surface is taken as the limit stress criterion and the non‐linear behaviour of soils with different overconsolidation ratios is governed by the generalized hypoplastic formulation. The model requires five constitutive parameters, which correspond to the parameters of the Modified Cam clay model and are simple to calibrate on the basis of standard laboratory experiments. This makes the model particularly suitable for practical applications. The basic model may be simply enhanced by the intergranular strain concept, which allows reproducing the behaviour at very small strains. The model is evaluated on the basis of high quality laboratory experiments on reconstituted London clay. Contrary to a reference hypoplastic relation, the proposed model may be applied to highly overconsolidated clays. Improvement of predictions in the small strain range at different stress levels is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jianhong Jiang Hoe I. Ling Victor N. Kaliakin Xiangyong Zeng Ching Hung 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(2):335-348
An anisotropic time-dependent bounding surface model for clays is developed by generalizing a previous time-independent model that adopts a flexible bounding surface. It is based on the framework for coupled elastoplasticity–viscoplasticity for clays and Perzyna’s overstress theory. Three viscoplastic parameters were introduced and explained in detail. The model was validated against undrained creep tests for both isotropically and anisotropically consolidated clays, undrained and drained stress relaxation tests on some undisturbed clays, and undrained triaxial tests with varying strain rates on natural Hong Kong marine deposit clay. The general agreement between the model simulations and test results was satisfactory. The varying effects of lower-level parameters were discussed on the undrained multistage stress relaxation response for normally consolidated soils which had been ignored in literature. The flexibility of the model in capturing the shear strengths, which is the unique feature of the current model, was shown in the simulations of time-dependent triaxial tests on Taipei silty clay. All the simulations show that the proposed model is a relatively practical model considering both anisotropy and time dependency of clays. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new viscohypoplastic model for soft clays accounting for their typical features—strength anisotropy and rate dependency. The model is based on the hypoplastic model for clays enhanced by the anisotropic shape of the asymptotic state boundary surface. It has been shown that if the surface is skewed, the model predicts different ultimate strength in compression and in extension. Additional enhancement makes the tensor L bilinear in the strain rate, which more realistically predicts the stress paths of K0 consolidated samples. The new model has been evaluated by simulating laboratory experiments on soft marine clays (Singapore and Bangkok clays). The model can be easily calibrated using only undrained triaxial and odometer tests. The model is subsequently enhanced by the rate effects. The resulting viscohypoplastic model has been evaluated using experiments of remolded kaolin clay and St. Herblain clay. It is shown that the enhanced model can predict important features of soil viscous behavior, such as rate dependency of strength and preconsolidation pressure, relaxation, and creep. 相似文献
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This paper reappraises Perzyna-type viscoplasticity for the constitutive modelling of granular geomaterials, with emphasis on the simulation of rate/time effects of different magnitude. An existing elasto-plastic model for sands is first recast into a Perzyna viscoplastic formulation and then calibrated/validated against laboratory test results on Hostun sand from the literature. Notable model features include (1) enhanced definition of the viscous nucleus function and (2) void ratio dependence of stiffness and viscous parameters, to model the pycnotropic behaviour of granular materials with a single set of parameters, uniquely identified against standard creep and triaxial test results. The comparison between experimental data and numerical simulations points out the predicative capability of the developed model and the complexity of defining a unique viscous nucleus function to capture sand behaviour under different loading/initial/boundary and drainage conditions. It is concluded that the unified viscoplastic simulation of both drained and undrained response is particularly challenging within Perzyna's framework and opens to future research in the area. The discussion presented is relevant, for instance, to the simulation of multiphase strain localisation phenomena, such as those associated to slope stability problems in variably saturated soils. 相似文献
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Yannis F. Dafalias Majid T. Manzari Achilleas G. Papadimitriou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(12):1231-1257
SANICLAY is a new simple anisotropic clay plasticity model that builds on a modification of an earlier model with an associated flow rule, in order to include simulations of softening response under undrained compression following Ko consolidation. Non‐associativity is introduced by adopting a yield surface different than the plastic potential surface. Besides, the isotropic hardening of the yield surface both surfaces evolve according to a combined distortional and rotational hardening rule, simulating the evolving anisotropy. Although built on the general premises of critical state soil mechanics, the model induces a critical state line in the void ratio–mean effective stress space, which is a function of anisotropy. To ease interpretation, the model formulation is presented firstly in the triaxial stress space and subsequently, its multiaxial generalization is developed systematically, in a form appropriate for implementation in numerical codes. The SANICLAY is shown to provide successful simulation of both undrained and drained rate‐independent behaviour of normally consolidated sensitive clays, and to a satisfactory degree of accuracy of overconsolidated clays. The new model requires merely three constants more than those of the modified Cam clay model, all of which are easily calibrated from well‐established laboratory tests following a meticulously presented procedure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A sample of soil is subjected to multidimensional cyclic loading when two or three principal components of the stress or strain tensor are simultaneously controlled to perform a repetitive path. These paths are very useful to evaluate the performance of models simulating cyclic loading. In this article, an extension of an existing constitutive model is proposed to capture the behavior of the soil under this type of loading. The reference model is based on the intergranular strain anisotropy concept and therefore incorporates an elastic locus in terms of a strain amplitude. In order to evaluate the model performance, a modified triaxial apparatus able to perform multidimensional cyclic loading has been used to conduct some experiments with a fine sand. Simulations of the extended model with multidimensional loading paths are carefully analyzed. Considering that many cycles are simulated (\(N>30\)), some additional simulations have been performed to quantify and analyze the artificial accumulation generated by the (hypo-)elastic component of the model. At the end, a simple boundary value problem with a cyclic loading as boundary condition is simulated to analyze the model response. 相似文献
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David Ma&#x;ín Claudio Tamagnini Gioacchino Viggiani Daniele Costanzo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(13):1303-1336
In this paper, the performance of different advanced constitutive models for soils is evaluated with respect to the experimentally observed behaviour of a soft reconstituted clay subject to a wide range of loading directions, see (presented in the companion paper). The models considered include a three‐surface kinematic hardening elastoplastic model; the CLoE hypoplastic model; a recently proposed K‐hypoplastic model for clays, and an enhanced version of the same model incorporating the concept of intergranular strain. A clear qualitative picture of the relative performance of the different models as a function of the loading direction is obtained by means of the incremental strain response envelopes. The definition of suitable error measures allows to obtain further quantitative information in this respect. For the particular initial conditions and loading programme considered in this study, the kinematic hardening and the enhanced K‐hypoplastic models appear to provide the best performance overall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):131-146
The numerical challenges that arise in modelling shear bands in soft sensitive (SS) clays have not yet been fully resolved. Convincing and well-accepted solutions have yet to be found. This paper presents some novel information related to the shear band phenomenon in SS clays. In this study, the hypothesis is that the generation and dissipation of excess pore pressure from shear bands could regularise the strain softening and result in a mesh independent shear band thickness. The generation and dissipation of excess pressure is modelled by a coupled consolidation process. The simulation aims at modelling two counteracting mechanisms in the SS clay. First, the shear band narrows because of strain softening. Second, the internal pore water pressure drainage reduces the rate of strain softening. This counteracting mechanism provides an inherent regularisation technique for SS clays. This study presents some numerical results involving these two counteracting mechanisms. This study also shows that an inherent internal parameter applicable for SS clays can be defined by the ratio between soil permeability and the applied strain rate. In the case of SS clays, the range of this parameter varies from 0 to 0.0002 mm. 相似文献
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An analysis of the vane test using an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation within a finite element framework is presented. This is suitable for soft clays for which the test is commonly used to measure in situ undrained shear strength. Constitutive laws are expressed in terms of shear stress–shear strain rates, and that permits the study of time effects in a natural manner. An analysis of the shear stress distributions on the failure surface according to the material model is presented. The effect of the constitutive law on the shear band amplitude and on the position of the failure surface is shown. In general, the failure surface is found at 1–1·01 times the vane radius, which is consistent with some experimental results. The problem depends on two dimensionless parameters that represent inertial and viscous forces. For usual vane tests, viscous forces are predominant, and the measured shear strength depends mainly on the angular velocity applied. That can explain some of the comparisons reported when using different vane sizes. Finally, the range of the shear strain rate applied to the soil is shown to be fundamental when comparing experimental results from vane, triaxial and viscosimeter tests. Appart from that, an experimental relation between undrained shear strength and vane angular velocity has been reproduced by this simulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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循环荷载下饱和软黏土的累积塑性应变试验研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
通过以交通荷载为背景的饱和重塑软黏土室内不排水动三轴试验,研究了循环荷载作用下饱和重塑软黏土的累积塑性应变发展形态,可分为3种类型：稳定型、破坏型和临界型。根据稳定型累积塑性应变发展曲线特点,提出了饱和软黏土的稳定累积塑性应变方程,并通过试验结果分析了该方程中各拟合参数与动应力幅值、固结围压和静偏应力的变化规律,同时提出了求解无静偏应力条件下软黏土临界动应力的解析方法。通过动三轴试验结果,提出了含动应力幅值、固结围压、静偏应力和循环周次等影响因素的累积塑性应变拟合模型。 相似文献
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The structural deformation in clays results from microscopic phenomena involving the mechanical contact-stress change, the physico-chemical variation of repulsive forces in expansive clays, and thermal dilatancy of macropores. These textural strains are associated to three plastic mechanisms represented by respectively the yield surfacesfTm, fR-A andfT. Under a thermal cycle, the sizes of interlamellar spaces between clay platelets are not modified, hence the temperature cycle is expected to have no effect on repulsive forces and thus the second mechanism is not affected by temperature changes.
This paper suggests a formulation of a model of thermo-elasto-plastic behaviour of non-expansive saturated clays characterised by two plastic mechanisms. The mechanical yield surfacefTm of the contact-stress mechanism is based on a modified cam-clay model; the thermal softening yield surfacefT is a plane separating two thermal domains. In normally consolidated conditions, the resulting response to an increase of temperature is compressive. However, in highly overconsolidated conditions, a small irreversible dilative volumetric strain is observed when the temperature is above a threshold value. In intermediate conditions, the material starts with an expansion and tends to a compression.
The constitutive model combines thermo-mechanical hardening, predominant in normally consolidated states (NCS) and absent in overconsolidated states (OCS) where the thermal softening occurs. The characterisation of the model requires information about rheological parameters obtained from oedometric and triaxial paths. Lastly, some numerical simulations of thermo-mechanical tests onremoulded Boom, ‘Bassin Parisien’ andPontida clays are presented, which show satisfactory agreement between experiments and model predictions. 相似文献
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Rakesh J. Pillai I. Bushra R. G. Robinson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):801-808
Clays treated with lower cement contents often exhibit behaviour similar to stiff clays with planar failure surface under triaxial compression. In the present work the behaviour of a marine clay treated with 5 % cement, subjected to undrained triaxial compression tests is studied. The pre-consolidation pressure of the cemented clay due to the cementation bonding is observed to be very high. It is attempted to model the behaviour of cement treated clay using a bounding surface plasticity formulation as the plastic behaviour of the cemented clays within the yield surface has to be considered. The effect of cementation is included in the model as the pre-consolidation pressure obtained from consolidation tests. The tensile strength due to cementation bonds is included in the equation of the bounding surface. Simulations of the undrained triaxial compression tests on cemented clays are carried out and the results are validated with the experimental results. 相似文献
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非饱和黏土的结构性能够显著影响其力学特性。基于非饱和土经典模型BBM（Barcelona basic model）和一种可描述循环塑性的硬化法则,引入体积破损率的作为标准土体结构破损的参数,建立了一个描述常吸力下非饱和结构性黏土静态及动态力学特性的弹塑性双面模型。模型在应力空间中包含与重塑非饱和土屈服面几何相似的结构性边界面和加载面,采用径向映射法则和可移动的记忆中心原理,通过结构性边界面和加载面在应力空间中的演化来反映循环加载过程中非饱和结构性黏土的循环塑性特征和结构损伤过程。通过与相关非饱和黏土控制吸力试验数据的比较,表明该模型能够较好地反映静态加载下非饱和结构性黏土的力学特性,而模型预测的循环荷载下的应力?应变特征也具有一定的合理性。 相似文献
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考虑循环软化特性的饱和软土弹塑性本构关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将软化指数关系与非等向硬化模量场理论相结合,研究了可描述循环荷载作用下饱和软土软化特性的增量弹塑性模型。该模型借助硬化模量的插值和映射中心的移动,在偏应力空间中构造硬化模量的演化规则;通过在弹塑性模量插值函数中引入初始弹塑性模量软化系数,模拟循环荷载作用下软土的刚度软化特性;通过引入硬化模量调整系数,增强循环加载时应力-应变曲线的滞回特性;再通过引入反映应变累积速率和大小的模型参数,描述循环加载时软土的应变累积特性。利用Idriss提出的指数关系式近似拟合软化系数随应力循环次数的变化关系,并通过引入循环应力参数建立了循环软化系数与静应力水平和循环应力水平的关系。阐述了确定模型参数的方法,并利用模型预测了相关试验结果,通过预测结果与试验结果的对比,验证了该模型描述循环荷载作用下软土软化特性的可行性。 相似文献
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This paper describes a constitutive approach to model the behavior of rate‐dependent anisotropic structured clay. Rate‐sensitivity is modeled using overstress viscoplasticity. Clay structure is treated as a viscous phenomenon whereby the viscosity of the undisturbed structured clay is initially very high and the viscosity degrades or decreases with plastic straining until the intrinsic or residual viscosity is reached. A microstructure tensor approach is used to make the structured viscosity anisotropic; whereas, the intrinsic viscosity is assumed to be isotropic. The behavior of the constitutive model is compared with the measured response of two clays (Gloucester and St. Vallier clay) from Eastern Canada during triaxial compression tests on specimens trimmed at different orientations to the vertical. The comparisons show that the constitutive framework is able to describe the anisotropic and rate‐sensitive response of both clays. The response of the model is also examined for the more general case of anisotropic consolidated triaxial compression and extension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献