共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 465 毫秒
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本文根据现代沉积学理论,对我国西南及中南部早震旦世南沱组砂岩、砾岩的物质成分、沉积岩相、古板块构造、古气候—地理环境等,进行了系统的分析与研究。认为南沱组是山间泥石流和海相重力流沉积作用的产物,并划分为以下四种类型:(1)山间—山前泥石流(滇东、鄂中古陆);(2)火山泥石流(四川西昌);(3)浅海相重力流(黔中、长江中下游);深水斜坡相重力流(黔东南、桂北及湘南)。南沱期大规模暴发重力流的主要原因:一是南沱组坚硬和巨厚砂岩、砾岩覆于前震旦纪浅变质岩系之上,形成一个易于滑动的界面;二是在低纬度区的热带气旋和火山活动,起到了触发的作用。 相似文献
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以沉积学，流体力学的基本原理为基础，运用沉积对比，粒度统计等方面对鄂西地区南沱组杂砾岩的成因机理进行了探讨，通过岩石类型，剖面层序，岩石的砾石表面特征、碎屑颗粒分布规律及沉积物构造研究后认为，南沱组杂砾岩并非冰碛砾岩，而属海缘盆地下水泥石流和浅海相沉积。 相似文献
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峡东地区是我国原震旦系标准剖面所在地,该地区南沱组直接覆盖莲沱组之上,中间缺失下冰期和间冰期地层,究其原因尚不清楚.通过聚焦南沱组与莲沱组接触层位,利用现代冰川沉积物研究方法开展系统沉积学研究,结果表明:九龙湾周缘南沱组和莲沱组之间存在一层紫红色混合杂砾岩层,其内部砾石定向性、形态、磨圆、岩性以及显微构造与之上南沱组典型灰绿色杂砾岩区别明显,青林口剖面南沱组底部发育微观尺度上的变形沉积构造.表明南沱组底部与莲沱组接触层位为冰川底碛成因,而南沱组主体为冰海沉积成因.证明峡东地区南沱组与莲沱组之间地层缺失是由盛冰期的冰川剥蚀所致,南沱组可能仅代表了盛冰期之后冰消期的沉积记录. 相似文献
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长江峡区震旦系剖面是李四光教授于1924年建立的,自下而上划分为南沱组(包括南沱砂岩及南沱冰碛层)、陡山沱组和灯影组三个岩组,以南沱砂岩与其下变质地层的不整合面为其底界。1924年以来,此种意见广为沿用。1963年刘鸿允先生将南沱组两个段上升为组,分别称莲沱组(原砂岩段)和南沱组(原冰碛层),上下统的界线移至冰碛层底部,仍以莲沱组底面为震旦系下界。然而,自1965年江西省区测队提出莲沱组之下,尚存在一个地层单位——落可(山东)组并归属震旦 相似文献
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新元古代是冰川作用发育的重要时期,其中有2个重要的全球性冰期,即Sturtian和Marinoan冰期,对全球古环境、古气候、古海洋演化具有重要意义。中国宜昌地区分布的莲沱组和南沱组分别代表了在扬子板块发育的与Sturtian冰期前和Marinoan冰期相对应的沉积地层。随着地球化学分析方法的进步,新的地球化学手段,包括新的地球化学指标和Fe同位素等,可以为进一步探讨莲沱组与南沱组的沉积环境提供新的思路和证据。本研究对宜昌九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩进行系统采样,并和莲沱组以砂岩为主的碎屑沉积岩进行对比分析,利用化学蚀变指数(CIA)、氧化还原敏感元素Mo、V、U和Fe同位素对比探讨二者古气候与氧化还原环境的演化。CIA的变化(53～78)表明,莲沱组沉积主体处于温暖的古气候下(CIA平均值约为78),直到Sturtian冰期前,莲沱组顶部出现气候转冷特征(CIA平均值为53);随着Marinoan冰期到来,南沱组沉积持续处于寒冷的古气候环境(CIA平均值为58)。莲沱组与南沱组样品均具有较低的Mo/Al、V/Al和U/Al值,表明二者沉积均处于氧化环境,但莲沱组主体比南沱组和莲沱组顶部样品... 相似文献
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重庆城口震旦系下统陡山沱组共分两段,主要发育浅海陆棚沉积相,包括过渡相和滨外陆棚两个微相。对区内钻井剖面及露头剖面进行分析,识别出岩性岩相转换面、陡山沱组与观音崖组之间界面两种层序界面类型,将陡山沱组划分为4个Ⅱ型三级层序。其中层序1为陡山沱组第一段底部,层序2为陡山沱组第一段中部,层序3为陡山沱组第一段上部和第二段底部,层序4为自陡山沱组第二段下部至灯影组第一段底部中厚层状白云岩。基于浅海陆棚的背景,研究区陡山沱组第四次海平面广泛上升至最大海泛面滞后时段内,在深水、还原、偏碱性的浅海滨外陆棚环境下锰矿才开始聚集,且在高燕、修齐等锰矿区成为重要的开采矿床。 相似文献
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在对扬子板块埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组不同相区的25条代表性剖面野外研究基础上,通过沉积岩石学和岩相序列特征的系统分析,认为陡山沱组沉积时期曾发生3次二级海平面升降事件。依据3个海平面升降转换面,可识别出3个层序底界面:(1)陡山沱组底部与下伏南华系南沱组及其同期层位的冰碛杂砾岩之间的界面;(2)在浅水沉积区陡山沱组中部和上部分别出现喀斯特侵蚀面;(3)在深水沉积区相应层序界面为岩相结构转换面。依据火山灰锆石U-Pb同位素年龄,可将陡山沱组层序地层划分为2个半二级层序或超层序(SS1,SS2和SS3-TST),其中SS1时限为35Ma(635~600Ma),SS2时限为35Ma(600~565Ma),SS3-TST时限为14Ma(565~551Ma)。陡山沱组底部广泛发育的盖帽白云岩底和3个层序内的最大海泛面可以作为4个相对等时面,结合事件沉积标志层,可建立扬子板块陡山沱组从浅水沉积区至深水沉积区等时性二级层序地层划分对比格架。研究结果表明,三峡地区陡山沱组四段式划分方案不适用于整个扬子板块内陡山沱组的区域地层划分和对比。因而,建议扬子板块陡山沱组应该以二级层序地层为基础,结合化学地层和生物地层进行综合划分和对比。陡山沱组新的地层划分对比格架为研究陡山沱组古地理演变和编制该时期高精度的岩相古地理图奠定了基础。 相似文献
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华南峡东地区（黄陵隆起南缘）的陡山沱组是国际上埃迪卡拉纪地层和生物与环境事件的研究热点之一,但近在咫尺的黄陵北缘陡山沱组地层研究相对较少,已有的研究不足以反映黄陵北缘陡山沱组地层的特征,甚至与黄陵南缘地区未能建立起明确的对比关系.选取了黄陵北缘樟村坪及其周边地区的4个完整的陡山沱组剖面进行研究,以完整连续的钻孔剖面为依据,配合露头剖面的宏观沉积现象,对埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组进行详细的划分和对比.将樟村坪地区陡山沱组岩石地层划分出4个岩性段,并在层序地层学上划分出两个半三级层序,层序界面分别位于陡山沱组底界、陡山沱组第二段第二亚段顶界和陡山沱组第三段与第四段分界处.通过与黄陵隆起南缘陡山沱组各段岩性比较分析,建立了南、北缘地层对比联系,从而为黄陵北缘磷矿区的地层学研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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巴东作揖沱崩滑体基本特征及成因机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
:作揖沱崩滑体是三峡工程库区重点勘察研究的崩滑体之一 ,位于湖北省巴东县楠木园乡长江南岸 ,距三峡工程坝址 83km,作揖沱崩滑体东西宽为 5 40～ 72 0 m,南北长为 2 80～ 40 0 m,前缘高程为 2 0 m(水下 ) ,后缘高程为 2 80 m,体积为 413.32万m3。作揖沱崩滑体的组成物质为碎块石夹土 ,块石成分复杂 ,局部还保存有变位岩体。作揖沱崩滑体的形成经历了崩塌、滑移、加载和变形滑动等阶段 ,是一个典型的崩滑复合体。近代以来 ,作揖沱崩滑体曾发生多次变形复活 ,是一个不稳定的崩滑体 相似文献
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Simulation experiment of sedimentary process and sedimentary architecture of alluvial fan under the control of normal faults 
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下载免费PDF全文 Normal fault structures are widely developed in basins and orogenic belts,which control the accommodation space and the distribution of sediments and thus affecting the morphology of alluvial fans. A flume tank experiment was carried to simulate and clarify the control of normal faults on the sedimentary process and internal architecture of alluvial fans.The results show that the large amount of sediments carried by debris flow tend to be unloaded near the hanging wall of faults and are subsequently reworked by traction current,which result in a triangular distributary gravel bar grows vertically on fault plane with the tip pointing to the source area. When the hydrodynamic force is strong,debris flow goes across distributary gravel bar and forms over-bar lobe at the tail of the distributary gravel bar. When the hydrodynamic force is weak,debris flow forms fault plane-dominated lobe along fault plane and is located on both sides of the distributary gravel bar. Under the control of normal faults and the barrier of distributary gravel bar,the unloading process of sediments varies greatly at different positions on the surface of alluvial fan. The particle size varies greatly among different facies,with coarsest grains developed on the fans of hanging wall,finer grained on over-bar lobe and finest sediments on fault plane-dominated lobe. The development process of alluvial fan can be divided into three stages,according to the sandbody thickness and fault throw of distributary gravel bar. The fault throw also affects the sedimentary architecture of alluvial fan,with larger the fault throw generating larger the accommodation space of hanging wall,longer development time of distributary gravel bar and more complex of the superposition pattern of the sand bodies inside the fan. The internal architecture of alluvial fan that is controlled by normal faults includes longitudinal sandbar,distributary gravel bar and debris flow lobe in the profile vertical perpendicular to the sediment source direction from the proximal to the distal end. Along sediment longitudinal section,composite channel,superimposed distributary gravel bar complex and superimposed bodies of multi-phased lobes are dominant facies. 相似文献
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正断层构造广泛发育于盆地内和造山带中,其对可容空间分配及沉积物分布具有明显的控制作用,从而影响了冲积扇形态。为进一步探究正断层构造对冲积扇沉积过程及其内部构型的控制作用,利用水槽实验对正断层构造发育背景下的冲积扇发育过程进行模拟再现。研究表明,携带大量沉积物的碎屑流优先在上盘近断层处泄载,后经牵引流的改造,形成沿断面垂向生长、尖端指向物源的三角形分水滩。水动力较强时碎屑流越过分水滩并在分水滩尾部发育越滩朵体,水动力较弱时碎屑流遇分水滩尖端分流后沿断面在分水滩两侧发育断面朵体。受控于断面及分水滩的阻挡,冲积扇表面不同位置的沉积物泄载过程差异较大,粒度差异明显,上盘扇体中分水滩沉积物偏粗,越滩朵体次之,断面朵体最细。冲积扇的发育过程依据分水滩砂体厚度和断距大小之间的差异,共分为3个阶段。断距大小还会影响冲积扇沉积构型,断距越大,上盘可容空间越大,分水滩发育时间越长,扇体内部砂体叠置样式越复杂。受控于正断层的冲积扇内部构型在垂直物源剖面上从近端至远端,分别发育纵向沙坝、分水滩及碎屑流朵体,在平行物源剖面上以复合水道主控、分水滩叠复体主控、多期朵体叠复体主控为主。 相似文献
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The characteristics, classification and origin of late Pleistocene fan deposits in the Cass Basin, Canterbury, New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. L. McARTHUR 《Sedimentology》1987,34(3):459-471
The deposits comprising 'valley-side fans' in a small intermontane basin of the Southern Alps are classified as debris flow, water-laid, intermediate and mixed deposits on the basis of particle size and clast orientation characteristics. Five varieties of debris flow deposit are identified including unimodal and bimodal 'mudflow gravels'. The fans comprise mainly unimodal mudflow gravels which although apparently similar to the mudflow gravels described from montane and periglacial environments are coarser, have less silt and clay and are better sorted than the mudflow deposits described from semiarid alluvial fans. Additions of airborne silt and fine sand to the fan catchments during later stages of fan building gave rise to bimodal debris flow deposits which appear similar to gravels described from cold-climate fans in Tasmania and classed as water-laid deposits. Braided stream deposits were added to the depositional sequence towards the closing stages of fan building indicating that the fan had become 'wetter'. In many places, however, the youngest Pleistocene fan deposits are silt-rich mixtons reflecting a peak in loess deposition. 相似文献
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阳逻组砾石层分布于大别山南麓长江北岸地区,是长江中游地区一个重要的第四纪地层单位。其成因主要有两种观点:一种观点认为阳逻组砾石层为古长江冲积物,后期经过构造抬升而在长江北岸形成阶地;另一种观点认为其为大别山南麓河流冲积扇。砾石层中的砾石形貌记录了砾石的演化历史,对砾石进行形貌学研究可以用来进行古环境重建。文章选取武汉地区黄陂区横店镇、新洲区阳逻镇附近的25个砾石剖面中的2693颗砾石的外形参数进行测量。其中横店14个剖面中1377颗砾石、阳逻11个剖面中1316颗砾石。Zingg分类显示砾石以扁长形为主,砾石层在Sneed-Folk三角图中的主要分布于过渡相和河流相,砾石层中存在的大量片岩。这些特征均指示阳逻组砾石层是的物源区为大别山地区,它是大别山南麓河流形成的冲洪积扇堆积物。 相似文献
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Abstract High‐angle accumulations of sand and escarpment‐derived gravel along the outcrop walls of Plio‐Pleistocene sandstones, eastern Jordan, form small, coalesced colluvial fans, built by rockfalls, rockfall‐derived debris flows, dry sandfalls and sandy grainflows. These deposits are sourced through wind erosion of fault‐controlled outcrops of weakly cemented sandstone and a hard, gypsum‐cemented sandstone and fine conglomerate caprock exposed in sandpits. Eroded sediment is supplied to the fans directly as rockfalls and sandfalls, and indirectly as gully‐confined sandy grainflows. The preserved colluvium fans comprise sandy, matrix‐rich rockfall, rockfall‐derived, dry debris‐flow lenticular gravel deposits and minor lenticular sandy grainflow deposits. The fans develop initially against the footwall escarpment and, as erosion continues, the outcrop and the fans become covered by stable sand sheet ramps in a self‐regulatory geomorphic system. Preserved fan–sand ramp systems in eastern Jordan are characterized by a threefold hierarchy of genetically related bounding surfaces, which develop over short time scales. Rapid fault‐controlled uplift and/or rapid stream incision may produce non‐equilibrium scarp faces, identical to those in the sandpits, associated with the colluvial fan–sand ramp systems. Thus, such systems have the potential to identify fault‐related unconformities, rapid uplift events and episodes of rapid downcutting in the rock record. Colluvium deposits have good preservation potential, but are often associated with complex, coarse, basin‐margin facies, and are thus difficult to identify in the stratigraphic record; a problem exacerbated by the lack of adequate colluvium facies models and diagnostic sedimentary criteria. 相似文献
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ROBERT P. FILLMORE 《Sedimentology》1993,40(4):721-742
The Lower Miocene Clews Formation at Alvord Mountain, Mojave Desert, California, comprises an upward coarsening sequence of synextensional continental deposits of variable thickness; this sequence pinches out to the west against the Alvord Mountain pre-Tertiary basement complex and thickens eastward to c.300 m over a distance of 7 km. Two stages of sedimentation are recognized in the formation. During the initial stage of sedimentation, the depocentre was delineated by a lacustrine system that was bounded to the west by small, sheetflood-dominated alluvial fans and to the north by a southerly flowing fluvial braidplain. Lacustrine mudstone, siltstone and carbonate suggest an initially closed basin. Conglomerate to the west represents small, sheetflood-dominated fans. Igneous clasts and a south-east palaeoflow direction suggest a proximal, low-relief source in the western Alvord Mountain area. Pebbly sandstone of the southward-prograding braidplain has a metasedimentary provenance in the Paradise Range to the north. The second stage of deposition was dominated by coarse conglomerate and breccia. West to southwest palaeotransport indicators and a distinctive metaigneous petrofacies indicate a provenance in the Cronese Hills, 8 km to the east. These strata reflect rapid westward progradation of sheetflood- and debris flow-dominated alluvial fans that advanced across the axial braidplain and lacustrine system. Basin development is interpreted to have been controlled by regional NE-directed extension on a detachment fault associated with the central Mojave metamorphic core complex. 30 km to the west. The Alvord Mountain - Cronese Hills region was initially transported as a single hangingwall block on the E-dipping detachment. Initial lacustrine sedimentation reflects the development of a flexural or sag basin in the hangingwall. Subsequent westward progradation of alluvial fans out of the Cronese Hills is believed to record the propagation of a NW-striking, SW-dipping normal fault antithetic to the low-angle E-dipping detachment fault. 相似文献
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川西列古六组的层位和沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
<正> 列古六组广布于四川西部地区,岩性各地不一。由于其层位高于开建桥组,低于观音崖组,普遍将之与滇东的南沱组对比,认为是冰水堆积,王曰伦等(1980)提出“在川西苏雄一带……上部冰碛层特征不明显”。吴根耀(1987)在研究早震旦世苏雄地堑(展布于大相 相似文献
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青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚第四纪以来的逆冲运动及其深部构造特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三危山断裂为阿尔金断裂带东段的重要分支,位于青藏高原北缘北向扩展的前缘位置,为一条左旋走滑兼逆冲的活动断裂。通过卫片解译和野外实际调查,发现三危山主断裂穿过鸣沙山后,向西至党河水库及阳关镇附近以断层陡坎的形式出露地表。由阳关镇段向西至党河水库段,穿过鸣沙山至三危山主断裂,断层陡坎的形态由复杂变简单,落差基本集中于2～6m,但呈现逐渐减小的趋势,水平位移量也逐渐变小,反映了断裂活动强度由西向东逐渐减弱的特点。探槽和剖面解译结果显示,该段断裂错断下更新统玉门组（Qp1）砂岩和砾岩、中更新统酒泉组（Qp2）砂砾石层以及上更新统（Qp3）冲洪积砂砾石层。卫片解译、野外实地调查和深部大地电磁（MT）剖面的解译结果表明,南截山断裂向西在莫高窟南侧与三危山断裂交汇,二者在深部向阿尔金断裂收敛,上述三条断裂共同构成区域挤压性非对称半正花状构造。高原北缘的扩展是通过一系列北东-南西向走滑断裂活动及其所夹地块向北东运动和挤压实现。 相似文献