共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的CCSM2.0全球气候系统模式,并结合重建的古地理资料,研究了晚白垩世(80Ma)东亚气候特征以及CO2浓度变化对东亚气候的影响。模拟结果表明： 与现代气候比较,晚白垩纪时期的东亚大陆冬季风和夏季风都偏强,具有同步变化的特点,并且中高纬度年平均地表气温明显增加,而低纬度地区有所下降,年降水变化的区域性特征明显; 就年平均而言,在 30°～40°N 的内陆地区地面净失去水分、变干燥,而在低纬度、大陆东岸以及高纬度地区,地表获得水分、变湿润。晚白垩纪CO2浓度变化对大气辐射和大气热状况的影响是复杂的; 降低CO2浓度可以导致东亚地区气候显著变化,冬季东亚中纬度地区大陆降温比其附近的海洋大,太平洋中高纬度的低压系统加强,因而造成东亚冬季风偏强; 而在夏季,中纬度大陆地区降温幅度大于海洋,西太平洋副热带高压减弱,因而夏季风减弱。对应于较低的CO2浓度,年降水量在东亚及其沿岸的中、低纬度大部分地区显著减少,在东亚高纬度的大陆和海洋上降水的减少幅度不大,而在 30°N 附近亚洲大陆中部和东部的一些地区降水有所增加; 总体上,地表水分收支在东亚大陆的东部都是以负值为主,地面净失去水分、变干燥,其中 30°N 以南的大陆沿岸最显著; 而在东亚大陆的内陆地区,水分收支差异以0～0.5mm/天的正值为主,东亚大陆的东部是以地面净得到水分、变潮湿为主。 相似文献
2.
利用全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO-G的近千年连续积分资料,选取与降水关系较好的东亚夏季风指数,对不同气候特征时期的东亚环流及季风影响因子进行了探讨.结果表明用海陆热力差异定义的东亚夏季风指数Isun在年际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域及华北地区降水的变化,而利用850 hPa纬向风场定义的指数Iwang在年代际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域的降水变化.从不同气候特征时期的环流来看,中世纪暖期夏季风最强,东亚大陆降水明显偏多,现代暖期夏季风较之有所减弱,而小冰期则是夏季风最弱的时期,东亚大陆的降水明显偏少.不同气候特征时期夏季风指数与海温的相关表明,ENSO事件对东亚夏季风的影响在现代暖期有所增强,而与外部强迫因子的相关揭示出中世纪暖期有效太阳辐射变化是影响东亚夏季风变化的主要因子,现代暖期则是温室气体对夏季风的影响更重要. 相似文献
3.
6kaB.P.东亚区域气候模拟及其变化机制探讨 总被引：17，自引：12，他引：5
中全新世是地质历史上最近的温暖时期。文章利用包含较详细陆面过程的区域气候模式,通过分别加入现代植被和根据花粉化石资料转化的东亚地区古植被,模拟了6kaB.P.东亚季风气候,并研究了植被变化对东亚气候的影响。由区域气候模拟得到的较高分辨率的气候演变图像表明6kaB.P.太阳辐射季节循环增大,高纬度地区积雪、海冰减少,极地海洋升温,导致冬季大陆冷高压减弱,使中国冬季温度降低幅度大大减小。模拟中加入恢复的古植被造成地表反照率减小,使得冬季进一步升温,这不但突破了PMIP众多模拟的东亚6kaB.P.冬季降温的局限,而且使模拟温度变化的季节特征与古地质资料更为吻合。中全新世东亚大陆全年升温导致东亚夏季风强盛、冬季风减弱;降水及有效降水增加,降水带向西、向北扩张。与PMIP模拟相比,由于模式分辨率的提高,该工作模拟出了中国东部区域性降水增加的特征并得到了较为精细的气候变化空间分布。 相似文献
4.
文章利用Zhao等的模拟结果,进一步研究了在末次盛冰期(LGM)情景下汪品先和CLIMAP两种重建海洋表面温度(SST)资料差异对亚洲夏季风的影响。模拟结果表明:在LGM情景下西太平洋海域SST资料的不同对模拟的亚洲夏季风有着十分重要的作用。夏季,与CLGM方案相比,在WLGM方案中,当热带西太平洋SST较暖时,印度地区的大气热量出现显著增加,大气热量的这种变化,使得南非高压、南印度洋经向Hadley环流加强,伴随着索马里越赤道气流加强,也导致了印度季风区纬向季风环流的加强,从而造成了印度夏季风增强、降水增多;与较暖的热带西太平洋相对应,澳大利亚高压和120°E附近越赤道气流减弱,东亚季风区20°N以南经向季风环流加强、20°N以北经向季风环流减弱,指示着一个强的南海夏季风和较弱东亚副热带大陆夏季风。 相似文献
5.
本文分析了一个耦合模式FGOALS_g1.0对工业革命前气候(0ka)和中全新世时期(6ka)亚洲夏季风的模拟结果。在该研究中我们主要分析季风降水变率较大的区域,即东亚夏季风区(20°～45°N,110°～120°E)和印度夏季风区(10°～30°N,70°～80°E)。尽管耦合模式的普遍偏差依然存在,该模式反映出亚洲季风系统是海陆热力性质差异的结果,并较好地模拟出了0ka亚洲夏季风大尺度环流的特点和季节变化的特征。6ka和0ka比较分析的结果表明,6ka时期欧亚大陆增暖,海陆温度梯度加强; 印度夏季风降水从南亚大陆北移到 30°N 附近,位于青藏高原南侧的降水大值中心降水加强; 东亚季风区降水则表现为华北地区减少,长江流域和华南地区降水增加的特点。但合理地模拟季风爆发仍然是耦合气候系统模式的难点之一。
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
6ka时期亚洲夏季风变化是和大尺度季风环流的变化联系在一起的,而其根本原因是中全新世时期地球轨道参数变化所引起的太阳辐射变化,北半球季节循环的振幅加强。海陆热力性质的差异所导致海陆温差加大使得北半球的季风环流加强,印度夏季风高空东风在 20°～30°N 加强,低层赤道东风加强,跨赤道后的西南气流向北推移,从而使得印度夏季风降水雨带北移到 30°N 附近。东亚季风区的高低空温度场的配置使得副热带高空急流减弱,位置偏南,从而有利于华北地区的高空出现异常的辐合,中层为异常的辐散,抑制了季风降水的发展; 长江流域和华南地区则相反,季风降水降水加强。 相似文献
6.
东亚地区区域气候模拟的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
由于大气环流模式对东亚地区区域气候特征的模拟存在很大不足，采用区域气候模式模拟该地区特殊的季风气候成为目前发展的一个重要研究方向，并取得了显著的研究进展。通过回顾当前东亚地区区域气候模拟的现状，表明大部分区域气候模式都不同程度地模拟出了东亚季风区持续性洪涝现象的大尺度环流特征和演变过程，再现了东亚各主要气候区降水的年际、季节和季节内变化及主要雨带的季节进退和降水的时空演变特征。但是，大部分模式没能很好地模拟出大尺度特征的强度和量值，模拟的温度和降水存在系统性偏差。原因分析表明，进一步完善和改进区域气候模式的物理过程参数化方案及动力框架可以改善模拟效果。最后对区域气候模式未来的发展给出展望。 相似文献
7.
东亚夏季风每年给中国东部地区带来充沛的降水，是中国水资源的主要来源，同时也常常给中国造成严重的洪涝灾害。东亚夏季风水汽输送的强度、影响范围和持续性在极端暴雨过程中起着关键的作用。这支夏季风气流的水汽输送带可称为东亚季风水汽输送带，与国际上近期提出的"大气河"概念相近，但又不完全相同。东亚夏季风水汽输送带是东亚夏季风最具地区性的特征，也是东亚地区夏季大暴雨和洪涝的制造者。本文根据近百年来的资料，综合评述了东亚夏季风水汽输送带的特征和形成原因，并以海河、黄河、淮河与长江近百年最强的5次持续大暴雨过程为例，分析了季风水汽输送带的重要作用。最后，提出气候变暖可以通过4个方面影响全球水循环，包括气候变暖后大气可容纳更多的水汽、大气环流发生变化、辐射强迫改变以及气溶胶影响的区域性等，这些变化都会对季风水汽输送带产生重要影响。 相似文献
8.
东亚夏季风每年给中国东部地区带来充沛的降水，是中国水资源的主要来源，同时也常常给中国造成严重的洪涝灾害。东亚夏季风水汽输送的强度、影响范围和持续性在极端暴雨过程中起着关键的作用。这支夏季风气流的水汽输送带可称为东亚季风水汽输送带，与国际上近期提出的"大气河"概念相近，但又不完全相同。东亚夏季风水汽输送带是东亚夏季风最具地区性的特征，也是东亚地区夏季大暴雨和洪涝的制造者。本文根据近百年来的资料，综合评述了东亚夏季风水汽输送带的特征和形成原因，并以海河、黄河、淮河与长江近百年最强的5次持续大暴雨过程为例，分析了季风水汽输送带的重要作用。最后，提出气候变暖可以通过4个方面影响全球水循环，包括气候变暖后大气可容纳更多的水汽、大气环流发生变化、辐射强迫改变以及气溶胶影响的区域性等，这些变化都会对季风水汽输送带产生重要影响。 相似文献
9.
二百五十万年来季风环流与大陆冰量变化的阶段性耦合过程 总被引：36，自引：9，他引：36
根据黄土中的气候替代性指标与深海氧同位素曲线的比较,本文作者发现2.5Ma以来东亚地区的冬、夏季风环流与全球冰量变化具有阶段性的耦合过程,即从2.5MaB.P.至今,季风环流与大陆冰量的耦合程度呈阶段性增强的趋势,其间有三个转折时期:2.5Ma B.P.前后、1.6Ma B.P.前后和0.8Ma B.P.前后。二者间的阶段性耦合可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆起有关。 相似文献
10.
以两种植被数据为基础,分别利用区域和全球气候模式对过去300年土地利用和地表覆盖变化的气候效应进行了模拟研究。结果表明,耕地面积不断扩大所造成的自然植被破坏可能对区域性气候产生显著影响。通过对不同时期植被特征下地面温度、降水和低层大气环流的比较分析发现,中国东部地区耕地取代自然植被后,全年平均温度有所降低,且存在明显季节差异。植被退化地区的夏季温度有明显升高而冬季温度则显著降低; 同时夏季降水和850hPa风场发生显著变化： 夏季降水明显减少,而这一结果与低层(850hPa)大气环流的反气旋性增强相联系,即植被退化使中国东部夏季风环流减弱,这与目前观测事实是一致的。土地利用引起的地表覆盖的变化可能是东亚季风减弱的原因之一。 相似文献
11.
晚中生代东亚多板块汇聚与大陆构造体系的发展 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
东亚大陆原型形成于三叠纪印支造山运动旋回,其周邻环绕的三大洋（古太平洋、蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋、中特提斯洋）于早侏罗世初期几乎同时向东亚大陆俯冲,开启了东亚多板块汇聚历史。文章通过总结东亚大陆晚中生代构造变形和构造岩浆事件的新近研究成果,简述了东亚多板块汇聚产生的三个陆缘汇聚构造系统（北部蒙古-鄂霍次克碰撞造山带、东部与俯冲有关的增生造山系统、西南部班公湖-怒江缝合构造带）、陆内汇聚构造变形体系和大陆伸展构造体系。在此基础上,重新构建了东亚多板块汇聚大陆构造-岩浆演化的时间框架,将其划分为三个阶段:早侏罗世（200~170 Ma）周邻大洋板块初始俯冲阶段和陆缘裂解事件,中晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期（170~135 Ma）周邻陆缘碰撞造山或俯冲增生造山作用、陆内再生造山作用和汇聚构造体系的形成;中晚白垩世（135~80 Ma）大陆岩石圈的减薄作用和大陆伸展构造体系的发育。研究认为,晚中生代东亚多板块汇聚在时空上的有序演化和深浅构造的复合叠加,不仅产生了东亚大陆复杂的陆缘和陆内构造体系,同时控制了中国东部燕山期爆发式岩浆-成矿作用,也使东亚构造地貌发生东西翘变,早期陆缘汇聚产生的东部高原因晚期大陆岩石圈的减薄和伸展而垮塌。东亚大陆构造体系的形成和演化与联合古大陆的裂解同步,晚中生代东亚多板块汇聚完成了从东亚到欧亚大陆的演替,以东亚大陆为核心的多板块汇聚格局一直延续至新生代,可能成为未来超大陆形成的起点。 相似文献
12.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1337-1344
The Quantougou(QTG) Fauna in central Lanzhou Basin is an important late Mid-Miocene fauna on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau margin,but its numerical age remains a matter of debate.Here,we present a new magnetostratigraphic record for a fluvio-lacustrine section to further constrain the age of the QTG Fauna.Results suggest that the studied section spans from polarity chrons C5Cn.2n to C5 n.2n or C5 An.1n,with ages of ca.16.5 Ma to 10 Ma or 16.5 Ma to 12 Ma.The QTG Fauna is located at the top of polarity chron C5r.3 r or C5 Ar.2 r,which corresponds to an age of 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma for the fauna.Accordingly,the associated Myocricetodontinae(a subfamily of Gerbillidae,Rodentia) is suggested to have appeared in the Lanzhou Basin at 11.7 Ma or 12.8 Ma,which is the oldest Myocricetodontinae in East Asia but is still much younger than the ～20 Ma appearance of this subfamily in West and South Asia.Our age data support the interpretation that East Asian Myocricetodontinae originated from South Asia.The QTG fauna further suggest a dry and open grassland environment,which is consistent with global cooling after the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. 相似文献
13.
The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) is the dominant climate system of South and East Asia. However, the history of monsoon intensification and the driving forces behind it are controversial. Wind-blown sediments in mid-latitude East Asia and fluvial-derived sediments in the northern South China Sea imply contrasting ASM patterns during the late Cenozoic. Here we use pollen records from the southwest South China Sea (International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1433) to reconstruct the ASM evolution in low-latitude Southeast Asia. A slow increase in herbaceous plants since 8 Ma indicates a persistent weakening of precipitation in Indochina, which is dominated by the ASM. This signal is closely associated with a consistent coniferous plant record, indicating a continuous cooling trend that correlates well with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) decrease in the west Pacific Ocean. We propose that the monsoon weakening resulted in as much as a ~ 25% reduction in precipitation over the past 8 Ma in response to the Northern Hemisphere glaciation/global cooling, with some of the increase in conifers being linked to uplift of the Vietnamese Central Highland and the SE flank of the Tibetan Plateau in Yunnan and northern Vietnam. 相似文献
14.
晚侏罗世东亚多向汇聚构造体系的形成与变形特征 总被引：37，自引：2，他引：35
板块构造研究成果与同位素精确定年数据的积累,使我们对发生在中国东部的晚侏罗世-早白垩世东亚多向汇聚作用有了深刻的认识.全球三大洋在晚侏罗世(165±5)Ma近乎同时的开启,以及东亚周边占太平洋、新特提斯洋和蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲消亡,在中国中东部和东亚地区形成了多向挤压汇聚的燕山期构造体系,即东业多向汇聚构造体系(简称东亚汇聚).东亚汇聚启动了经典的燕山运动,发育了独特的构造变形特征.东亚汇聚构造体系具有两个近乎稳定的刚性陆核,即鄂尔多斯地块和四川(盆地)地块,在它们的周缘形成了晚侏罗世-早白垩世陆内多向挤压变形和似前陆盆地,如大巴山晚侏罗世前陆.此外,东亚多向汇聚构造体系影响了东亚和中亚大部分地区的板内变形作用,在中国大陆及其周边形成了反映南北向挤压的蒙古弧共轭走滑断裂系统、燕山-阴山陆内造山带、大别山-大巴山侏罗纪陆内造山带等典型的燕山期构造带.东亚汇聚具有深刻的全球构造背景与动力来源,是重要的科学研究问题. 相似文献
15.
本文作者主张：古气候演化的动力机制研究应从动力因子和动力过程两个方面人手。通过对比东亚冬季风、夏季风、印度季风及全球冰量变化的时间特征和频率特征，我们得到以下认识：１)大致在过去０．８Ｍａ这个时段，东亚冬、夏季风基本上具同相位、同周期的互为消长演化特征；２)东南季风演化具０．１Ｍａ的主导周期，而印度季风变化则以较短周期为主；３)东亚冬、夏季风与全球冰量变化在时间范畴上可作很好的对比，尤其是这三者均含有主导性的０．１Ｍａ周期。在此基础上，本文提出东亚季风演化的“全球冰量驱动模式”，并初步讨论了东亚季风变化对全球冰量变化响应的动力过程。 相似文献
16.
The provenance of Cretaceous sandstones in the Banda Arc islands differs from west to east. Sandstones in Sumba and West Timor contain significant amounts of feldspar (K-feldspar and plagioclase) and lithic fragments, suggesting a recycled to magmatic arc origin. In comparison, East Timor and Tanimbar sandstones are quartz rich, and suggest a recycled origin and/or continental affinity. Heavy mineral assemblages in Sumba and West Timor indicate metamorphic and minor acidic igneous sources and include a mixture of rounded and angular zircon and tourmaline grains. In East Timor, Babar and Tanimbar, an ultimate origin from a mainly acid igneous and minor metamorphic source is interpreted, containing a mixture of rounded and angular zircon and tourmaline grains.Detrital zircon ages in all sandstones range from Archean to Mesozoic, but variations in age populations indicate local differences in source areas. Sumba and West Timor are characterised by zircon age peaks at 80–100 Ma, 200–240 Ma, 550 Ma, 1.2 Ga, 1.5 Ga and 1.8 Ma. East Timor and Tanimbar contain 80–100 Ma, 160–200 Ma, 240–280 Ma, 550 Ma and 1.5 Ga zircon peaks. Most populations are also common in Triassic and Jurassic formations along the Outer Banda Arc and in many other areas of SE Asia. However, the abundance of Jurassic and Cretaceous populations was unexpected. We interpret Cretaceous sandstones from Sumba, Timor and Tanimbar to have been deposited in SE Sundaland. Syn-sedimentary Cretaceous (68–140 Ma) sources are suggested to include the Schwaner Mountains in SW Borneo and Sumba. Material derived mainly from older recycled sediments that had their main sources in the Bird's Head, Western and Central Australia, and local sources close to Timor. 相似文献
17.
A. A. Sorokin A. B. Kotov V. P. Kovach V. A. Ponomarchuk V. M. Savatenkov 《Petrology》2014,22(1):65-76
Based on generalization of available geochronological data, Late Mesozoic magmatic associations in the northeastern part of the Amurian microcontinent are divided into three groups: 142–125, 124–115, and <110 Ma. The age of these associations decreases with approaching the Pacific margin of Asia. In the same direction, they show a change in sources of their parental melts: continental crust (142–125 Ma) → continental crust + PREMA (DM) (124–115 Ma) → continental crust + PREMA (DM) + EMII (<110 Ma). Isotope-geochemical (Sr-Nd) study indicates that intrusive and volcanic rocks of the Late Mesozoic magmatic associations in the northeastern part of the Amurian microcontinent were originated in geodynamic settings that provided access of enriched mantle sources to magma formation. The most probable of these settings are as follows: (1) plate sliding accompanying by the formation of slab window beneath continental margin; (2) passage of the Asian margin over the East Asian mantle hot field in the Late Mesozoic; (3) asthenospheric upwelling due to delamination of the lower crust during closure of the Mongolian-Okhotsk ocean caused by collision between the Amurian microcontinent, Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy, and Selenga-Stanovoy superterranes in the Central Asian fold belt. 相似文献
18.
The progressive intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation as seen from the North Pacific 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. A. Maslin G. H. Haug M. Sarnthein R. Tiedemann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(3):452-465
Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 882 (50°22′N, 167°36′E) provides the first high-resolution GRAPE density, magnetic susceptibility,
carbonate, opal and foraminifera (planktonic and benthic) stable isotopes records between 3.2 and 2.4 Ma in the Northwest
Pacific. We observed a dramatic increase in ice rafting debris at site 882 at 2.75 Ma, which is coeval with that found in
the Norwegian Sea, suggesting that the Eurasian Arctic and Northeast Asia were significantly glaciated from 2.75 Ma onwards.
Prior to 2.75 Ma planktonic foraminifera δ18O records indicate a warming or freshening trend of 4°C or 2‰ over 80 ka. If this is interpreted as a warm pre-glacial Pliocene
North Pacific, it may have provided the additional moisture required to initially build up the northern hemisphere continental
ice sheet. The dramatic drop in sea surface temperatures (SST>7.5°C) at 2.75 Ma ended this suggested period of enhanced SST
and thus the proposed moisture pump. Moreover, at 2.79 and 2.73 Ma opal mass accumulation rates (MAR) decrease in two steps
by five fold and is accompanied by a more gradual long-term decrease in CaCO3 MARs. Evidence from the Southern Ocean (ODP site 704) indicates that just prior to 2.6 Ma there is a massive increase in
opal MARs, the opposite to what is found in the North Pacific. This indicates that the intensification of northern hemisphere
glaciation was accompanied by a major reorganisation of global oceanic chemical budget, possibly caused by changes in deep
ocean circulation. The initiation of northern hemisphere glaciation occurred in the late Miocene with a significant build
up of ice on southern Greenland. However, the progressive intensification did not occur until 3.5–3 Ma when the Greenland
ice sheet expanded to include northern Greenland. Following this stage we suggest that the Eurasian Arctic and Northeast Asia
glaciated at 2.75 Ma, approximately 100 ka before the glaciation of Alaska (2.65 Ma) and 200 ka before the glaciation of the
North East American continent (2.54 Ma). 相似文献
19.
Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the “Yanshan Movement” 总被引：53，自引：0，他引：53
DONG Shuwen ZHANG Yueqiao LONG Changxing YANG Zhenyu JI Qiang WANG Tao HU Jianming CHEN Xuanhua 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(2):334-347
With acquisition and accumulation of new data of structural geological investigations and high-resolution isotopic dating data, we have greatly improved our understanding of the tectonic events occurring in eastern China during the period from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and may give a new interpretation of the nature, timing and geodynamic settings of the “Yanshan Movement”. During the Mid-Late Jurassic （165±5 Ma）, great readjustment of plate amalgamation kinematics took place in East Asia and the tectonic regime underwent great transformation, thus initiating a new tectonic regime in which the North China Block was the center and different plates converged toward it from the north, east and southwest and forming the “East Asia convergent” tectonic system characterized by intracontinental subduction and orogeny. As a consequence, the crustal lithosphere of the East Asian continent thickened considerably during the Late Jurassic, followed immediately by Early Cretaceous substantial lithospheric thinning and craton destruction featured by drastic lithospheric extension and widespread volcano-magmatic activities, resulting in a major biotic turnover from the Yanliao biota to Jehol Biota. Such a tremendous tectonic event that took place in the continent of China and East Asia is the basic connotation of the “Yanshan Movement”. In the paper, according to the deformation patterns, geodynamic settings and deep processes, the “Yanshan Movement” is redefined as the Late Jurassic East Asian multi-directional plate convergent tectonic regime and its associated extensive intracontinental orogeny and great tectonic change that started at -165±5 Ma. The substantial lithospheric attenuation in East China is considered the post-effect of the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny and deformation. 相似文献