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1.
地表塌陷积水和煤堆的识别与区分是煤矿开采区环境保护的重要工作内容。本文利用HJ-1A卫星CCD遥感影像数据,以神东矿区为例,在深入分析矿区煤堆、塌陷积水、其它水体和工矿用地等地物的光谱特征基础之上,通过波段反射率差异和归一化水体指数(NDWI)构建了矿区内煤堆和塌陷积水的遥感提取与识别决策树模型。模型分析表明,塌陷积水的NDWI指数范围为[0.02,0.13],与部分裸土/工矿用地容易混合,需要利用红光通道阈值进行剔除。煤堆与其他非水体地物都有较明显的区分但与塌陷水体较为一致,需进一步通过红色通道阈值加以区分,当阈值为0.14时研究区提取结果最佳。研究区内共提取出煤堆373个,面积4.96 km2,塌陷积水11个,面积0.51 km2。通过与2.5 m空间分辨率的SPOT卫星目视解译验证表明,本文利用HJ-1A CCD影像数据识别总精度可达97.77%,构建的决策模型适用于矿区内煤堆及水体信息的自动提取。 相似文献
2.
应用CBERS-1卫星数据进行安徽省北部冬小麦播种面积监测研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过应用中巴地球资源一号卫星CCD2、3、4波段的遥感数据，对安徽省北部平原地区冬小麦播种面积进行了监测研究。遥感数据空间分辨率为19．5m，扫描幅宽113km。分别对图像数据进行了单波段直方图均衡化、合成标准假彩色图像的laplacian算法边缘检测等图像预处理以及几何精校正，在ARC／INFO软件支持下，紧密结合野外调查结果，准确提取并统计计算了冬小麦播种面积及其变化率，效果较好。我们认为，CBERS-1卫星数据不仅能满足于小麦、玉米、水稻等农作物面积监测，而且还可用于土地利用监测、人口空间分布分析和城市体系动态监测等应用中。 相似文献
3.
基于TM影像的水域提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析洞庭湖ETM＋影像中各种地物光谱特征的基础上,找出水体与其它地物之间的光谱值差异,并用单波段阈值法和多波段增强图阈值法进行水体信息提取,分析了两者优缺点,并提出水域综合提取法,即综合利用单波段TM5和多波段谱间关系（NDW I法）建立起适合于研究区水域的水体提取方法。 相似文献
4.
中巴资源卫星数据影像在新疆国土资源环境综合遥感调查项目中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中巴资源一号卫星(CBERS-1)是我国于1999年发射的第一颗地球资源卫星.它携带的CCD多光谱相机可获取B1(0.45~0.52 靘),B2(0.52~0.59 靘),B3(0.63~0.69 靘),B4 (0.77~0.89 靘),B5(0.51~0.73 靘)的图像数据,其空间分辨率为20 m,重复观测周期为26天,扫描宽度为113 km.与Landsat TM数据相比,具有空间分辨率较高,价格低廉等优势,适用于从事大中比例尺的资源和环境调查评价. 新疆国土资源环境综合遥感调查项目开始于2000年,考虑到新疆国土资源环境综合遥感调查项目组已有数据情况、费用情况、以及其它各种因素,决定用中巴资源卫星遥感数据为… 相似文献
5.
《地质科技情报》2015,(5)
高光谱影像具有图谱合一的特点,图像空间信息是遥感影像的重要信息,但以往基于最佳波段选择的降维方法中只考虑基于灰度统计的特征空间信息,忽视了图像空间信息,而且计算量大。综合高光谱遥感影像的特征空间与图像空间信息,提出了一种多特征结合的高光谱影像降维方法并应用于矿物填图中。统计分析波段相关性并划分不同特征子空间;计算各波段的分形维数,在各子空间选择分形维数较小的波段作为候选波段;在候选波段中,计算待识别地物光谱间的相关系数,并快速选择出最佳波段组合。经实验,应用该方法选出的最佳波段组合影像清晰、不同蚀变矿物对比明显,根据特征选择提取出的矿物蚀变信息与应用成熟的光谱角制图(SAM)提取结果大致相同,表明结合图像空间和特征空间的降维方法能够选择出理想的波段组合,有效降低高光谱数据的维数,信息提取效果好。 相似文献
6.
7.
ASTER传感器提供了包括可见光-近红外（VNIR）、短波红外（SWIR）、热红外（TIR）共14个波段的地物波谱数据。其中最高分辨率在VNIR波段达到了15m。另外,在获得地物波谱数据的同时,它还能利用在03N波段和03B波段以不同视角获得的图像组成立体像对,从而获得同一地区的高程数据。这些特点为该数据的地质应用提供了很大的方便。由于断裂构造能造成断裂带内及其两侧之间地质环境与地貌特征的差异,这种差异会造成相应地区遥感影像中地物的波谱特征及空间分布即纹理型式上的差别。反之,使用多种图像处理技术,通过增强图像的灰度差并获取纹理图像,可以使这种差异凸现出来分析图像中的这些差异,找出在灰度和纹理上的规律性变化,不但可以推断可能的断裂分布,并可确定它的性质.利用ASTER数据高空间分辨率、多波谱段及同时提供DEM数据的特点,将之用于甘肃白银地区断裂构造的识别和判读。试验表明,利用该数据判读的结果与实地调查结果有相当的一致性。 相似文献
8.
四种卫星遥感数据源的黄土滑坡灾害解译效果对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星遥感技术已成为研究地质灾害最有效的方法之一。针对大量的卫星遥感数据源,如何根据研究区特点和研究的目的,选择满足精度要求且经济合理的遥感数据源是值得研究的问题。本文以延安宝塔区为试验区,收集ETM＋、Spot 5、CBERS-02、QuickBird数据,采用相同的波段组合及融合方法进行滑坡灾害解译效果对比研究,定量分析最小可识别图斑和最佳成图比例尺,依据对比结果提出滑坡灾害区划卫星遥感数据的选择原则,为定性、定量区划研究提供依据。 相似文献
9.
5·12汶川Mw7.9级地震为罕见的、地壳尺度位移配分于多条平行断裂的板内逆冲走滑型地震。在2条北东走向、近平行的主要地表破裂间,发育北西走向的小鱼洞地表破裂。介绍了对小鱼洞北西向地表破裂的精细填图。小鱼洞地表破裂空间上位于灌县-江油与映秀-北川断裂间,全长约8km,总体走向310°,为南西盘抬升、逆冲兼具左旋走滑性质。地表破裂在南东端走向变化较大,从300~310°变为南北向,并与灌县-江油地表破裂带的磁峰段相连。小鱼洞地表破裂的垂向位错自北西往南东方向递减,北西端陡坎高度最大3.4m,南东端则小于0.2m,衰减梯度约为0.5m/km。左旋走滑位移测量点较少,集中在中段的小鱼洞镇附近,所测最大左旋走滑位移约为2.2m,一般走滑位错与同处垂直位错具有同步变化的特征。小鱼洞断裂近地表的倾角较缓,为30°±15°。结合已有地貌、地球物理和地质研究结果,提出小鱼洞断裂是向下与灌县-江油断裂交会的侧向断坡,位于映秀-北川断裂中南段间的断面倾角差异的撕裂部位,连接映秀-北川和灌县-江油断裂。在运动学上,认为小鱼洞断裂是以斜向断坡为几何形态的撕裂断裂,调节了北东走向的主断裂的运动学横向差异。小鱼洞断裂上的同震位移矢量与N70°、80°E的区域主压应力场方向匹配。这一方向与龙门山高原边界斜交。 相似文献
10.
北欧海的锋面分布特征及其季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多年月平均格点数据分析了北欧海主要锋面的分布特征和季节变化规律,并讨论了月平均数据分析锋面适合使用的方法。月平均数据显示的锋面出现间断或多重的现象是锋面侧向摆动造成的,这是月平均数据的一大特点。北欧海各锋面主要水文和季节变化特征差异很大。东格陵兰极地锋在夏季锋面强度大,锋面较连续完整,而冬季强度小,锋面结构零散。9月由于东格陵兰寒流势力最强,可观察到温度梯度较大且连续的东格陵兰锋。北极锋的季节变化在水平方向呈＂哑铃型＂分布,中段摆动较南北两端小。由于挪威海流在冬季出现的最大流量引起挪威海流的流幅在该处加宽,莫恩海脊锋冬季向西北移动,对前人文章中基本上没有季节性移动的说法进行了修正和补充。冰岛—法罗群岛锋随深度增加向南移动,锋面强度增强,这是溢流造成的。 相似文献
11.
Through the application of remote sensing techniques followed by field checks, the exact extension and nature of Suruli shear
zone in Madurai block of southern granulite terrain (SGT) in south India is brought out for the first time in this work. The
dominant rock type exposed in this area is charnockite intruded by granites. The Suruli ductile shear zone extends from just
west of Kadaiyanallur in the south to Ganguvarpatti in the north over a length of 150 km. Between Kadaiyanallur and Kambam,
the shear zone extends roughly in N-S direction. From Kambam, it swerves towards NE and then towards ENE near Ganguvarpatti.
The strongly developed transposed foliation and mylonite foliation within the shear zone dip towards east only and so the
eastern block (Varushanad hills) is the hanging wall and the western block (Cardamom hills) is the footwall of the shear zone.
In the eastern block, three distinct phases of regional scale folding (F1, F2 and F3) are recognized. In complete contrast,
the western block recorded only the last phase (F3) regional scale folding. As the more deformed eastern block (older terrain)
moved over the relatively less deformed western block (younger terrain) along the Suruli shear zone, it is proposed that this
shear zone is a thrust or reverse fault, probably of Proterozoic age. As there are evidences for decreasing displacement from
north to south (i.e., from Ganguvarpatti to Kadaiyanallur), the Suruli shear zone could be a rotational thrust or reverse
fault with the pivot located close to Kadaiyanallur. As the pivot is located near Achankovil shear zone which trends WNW-ESE
(dip towards SSW), the Suruli shear zone could be splaying (branching) out from Achankovil shear zone. In a nutshell, the
Suruli shear zone could be a splay, rotational thrust or reverse fault. 相似文献
12.
作者由柴达木地块上得到的晚石炭世灰岩和砂岩的古地磁资料表明,该地块在晚石炭世时位于北纬26°,与当时的塔里木地块相邻或可能是塔里木地块的一部分。因而,柴达木地块应是安哥拉古陆的南界。晚石炭世之后,柴达木地块上的采点相对于塔里木地块有过运动,表现为柴达木地块相对于塔里术地块沿阿尔金断层向东移动和作顺时针旋转。 相似文献
13.
2022年1月8日青海门源MS 6.9地震发生在青藏高原东北缘的祁连山断块内部,仪器震中位于海原活动断裂系西段的冷龙岭断裂带上,是该断裂系自1920年海原8.5级大地震后再次发生M>6.5的强震。考察结果的初步总结表明,此次门源地震产生了呈左阶斜列分布、总长度近23 km的南北两条破裂,在两者之间存在长约3.2 km、宽近2 km的地表破裂空区。南支破裂(F1)出现在托来山断裂的东段,走向91°,长约2.4 km,以兼具向南逆冲的左旋走滑变形为主,最大走滑位移近0.4 m。北支主破裂(F2)出现在冷龙岭断裂的西段,总长度近20 km,以左旋走滑变形为主,呈整体微凸向北东的弧形展布,包含了走向分别为102°、109°和118°的西、中、东三段,最大走滑位移出现在中段,为3.0±0.2 m。此外,在北支主破裂中—东段的北侧新发现一条累计长度约7.6 km、以右旋正断为主的北支次级破裂(F3),累计最大走滑量约0.8 m,最大正断位移约1.5 m。综合分析认为,整个同震破裂以左旋走滑变形为主,具有双侧破裂特点,宏观震中位于北支主破裂的中段,其地表走滑位移很大可能与震源破裂深度浅有关,其中的右旋正断次级破裂可能是南侧主动盘向东运移过程中拖曳北侧块体发生差异运动所引起的特殊变形现象。印度与欧亚板块近南北向强烈碰撞挤压导致南祁连断块沿海原左旋走滑断裂系向东挤出,从而引发该断裂系中的托来山断裂与冷龙岭断裂同时发生破裂,成为导致此次强震的主要动力机制。在此大陆动力学背景下,以海原左旋走滑断裂系为主边界的祁连山断块及其周边的未来强震危险性需得到进一步重视。 相似文献
14.
An ～W–E belt of maximum bulk horizontal shortening (the orogen core) moved North relative to the overlying crust to form the Himalayan Syntaxes due to roll‐on of this portion of the Indian plate. This displacement occurred below a lengthy succession of gently dipping decollements that formed episodically at a depth of ～30 km along the orogen core due to numerous periods of gravitational collapse and spreading of the overlying ductile crust. Successively developed basal decollements were deformed when continued bulk horizontal shortening of the orogen core below reasserted dominance over the effects of gravitational collapse above causing refolding about steeply dipping axial planes. This resulted in northwards migration of the orogen core above depths of ～30 km causing rocks metamorphosing at depths of ～22 km on the north side of the orogen core to be moved to its south side with no change in depth as roll‐on progressed. Garnet porphyroblasts record this lengthy history of lateral migration across the orogen within their inclusion trails. The ～6.4 kbar average pressures accompanying it were obtained from the Mn, Fe and Ca contents of successive garnet cores. Garnet grew at depths of ～22 km until movement towards the surface initiated on successively developed decollements that accommodated the volume constraints of gravitational collapse and spreading on both sides of the orogen. The speed of extrusional displacement increased the further the rocks migrated from the orogen core developing mylonitic schists around the porphyroblasts. This truncated inclusion trails against all matrix foliations as the porphyroblasts were carried towards the surface. Indeed, these rocks were multiply deformed during at least four distinct periods of deformation after mylonitization began and prior to exposure above the Main Central Thrust (MCT). Three or more sub‐vertical and sub‐horizontal foliations were formed during each of the five changes in FIA trend (foliation inflection/intersection axes in porphyroblasts) preserved in these rocks. The inclusion trail asymmetries and P‐T of garnet core growth accompanying each FIA reveal that the first four changes in FIA trend, which define periods of tectonism about one direction of horizontal bulk shortening (relative plate motion), occurred on the north side of the orogen core. The fifth occurred on the south side of the orogen core and the switch in shear sense on gently dipping foliation planes that resulted from this shift to the south eventually led to the development of the MCT. When magnetic anomaly 22 that formed in the Southern Indian Ocean Ridge is taken into account, these five changes in FIA trend correlate markedly with changes in the motion of India relative to a constant Eurasia from 50 to c. 25 Ma. They reveal that Eurasia moved NNW during FIAs 1, 3 and 4 and SSE during FIA 5 when the shear sense on gently dipping foliations switched to top to the S. They suggest collision of India with Eurasia took place at 50 Ma, immediately prior to the development of FIA 1. 相似文献
15.
Seismic investigations to determine the crustal structure in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula have been initiated in 1970. First experiments were carried out during July 1970, when a series of ten shots was fired off Cabo de Sines (Portugal) in shallow water and recorded up to distances of 185 km along a SE-profile towards Huelva (Spain). The profile was reversed in December 1970, when a series of twelve shots was fired off the south coast near Fuzeta (east of Faro) and recorded up to distances of about 260 km along a NW-profile towards Cabo da Roca west of Lisboa. A considerable increase in the seismic efficiency of the explosions could be achieved by generating standing waves in the water.
The structure deduced exhibits some peculiar features. Below the Palaeozoic sediments a fairly high velocity of 6.4 km/sec is found for the dome-shaped basement in that area. The lower crust, which is separated from the upper crust by a distinct velocity inversion (with a minimum velocity of about 5.3–5.6 km/sec), is characterized by a velocity of 7.1 km/sec. From the geological evidence and the sequence of seismic velocities it must be concluded that the upper crustal block in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula has been uplifted by about 2–5 km since Permo-Triassic time, thus emphasizing the significance of vertical movement in tectonic activity.
The top of the upper mantle (8.15 km/sec) was detected at a depth of 30 km close to the Atlantic coast in the west, while near the Algarve coast in the south the depth to the M-discontinuity is about 34–35 km. This result in conjunction with studies of earthquake focal mechanisms confirms the suggestion that the Iberian block is being underthrust under the African plate. 相似文献
16.
MARIANA I. OLARIU CORNEL OLARIU RONALD J. STEEL ROBERT W. DALRYMPLE ALLARD W. MARTINIUS 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):356-378
The first sandstone unit of the Esdolomada Member of the Roda Formation (hereafter referred to as ‘Esdolomada 1’) was formed by a laterally‐migrating, shelf tidal bar. This interpretation is based on detailed mapping of the bedding surfaces on the digital terrain model of the outcrop built from light detection and ranging data and outcrop photomosaics combined with vertical measured sections. The Esdolomada 1 sandbody migrated laterally (i.e. transverse to the tidal currents) towards the south‐west along slightly inclined (1.6° to 4.6°) master bedding surfaces. The locally dominant tidal current flowed to the north‐west. This current direction is indicated by the presence of stacked sets of high‐angle (average 21°) cross‐stratification formed by dunes that migrated in this direction, apparently in an approximately coast‐parallel direction. The tidal bar contains sets and cosets of medium‐grained cross‐stratified sandstone that stack to reach a thickness of about 5·5 m. Individual cross‐bed sets average about 50 cm thick (with a range of 10 to 70 cm) and have lengths of ca 130 to 250 m in a direction perpendicular to the palaeocurrent. Set thickness decreases in the direction of migration, towards the south‐west, and the degree of bioturbation increases, so that the cross‐bedded sandstones gradually change into highly bioturbated finer‐grained and thinner‐bedded sandstones lacking any cross‐stratification. The rate of thinning of individual dune sets as they are traced down any obliquely‐accreting master surface is some 40 cm per 100 m (0·004) for the older, thicker sandstones, whereas the younger, thinner beds thin at a rate of 15 cm over 100 m (0·0015). The tidal bar has a sharp base and top and is encased in finer‐grained bioturbated, marine sandstones. The Esdolomada bar crest was oriented north‐west to south‐east, parallel to the tidal palaeocurrents and to the nearby palaeoshoreline, but built by lateral accretion towards the south‐west. Lateral outbuilding generated a flat‐topped bar with a measured width of about 1700 m, and a preserved height of 5·5 m. The bar, disconnected from a genetically related south‐westward prograding delta some 2 km to the north‐east, developed during the transgressive phase of a sedimentary cycle. The tidal bar was most probably initiated as a delta‐attached bar at the toesets of the delta front and during transgression evolved into a detached tidal bar. 相似文献
17.
PALEOMAGNETIC ESTIMATE OF THE MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC LATITUDINAL DISPLACEMENT OF TERRENES IN THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE1 QianFang ,PreliminarystudyonthehorizontalmovementofNgariarea ,Tibet,sincePliocene[A].AbstractfromInterna tionalSymposiumonHimalayaGeologySciences[C].1984,2 49～ 2 5 0 .
2 JiangChunfa .OpeningandclosingstructuresofKunlun[M ].Beijing :GeologicalPublishingHouse ,1992 ,15 4～ 2 17.
3 XuZhiqin ,… 相似文献
18.
C. Schubert 《Tectonophysics》1979,52(1-4)
The El Pilar fault zone extends for about 700 km in an approximately E—W direction, from the Cariaco Trench to a point about 200 km northeast of Trinidad. It marks the southern boundary of the Araya—Paria peninsulas (eastern Caribbean Mts.) and of the Northern Range of Trinidad. It is characterized along its length by straight valleys, fault wedges, fumaroles, thermal springs, and sulfur deposits. The displacement along the El Pilar fault zone has been the subject of much controversy. Various authors recognize the following types of displacement: (1) southward thrust; (2) normal or graben faulting; (3) right-lateral strike-slip. The El Pilar fault zone probably represents a transform fault between the Caribbean and South America plates, and a hinge fault at its contact with the subduction zone east and south of the Lesser Antilles. It is planned to investigate the present-day movement along the El Pilar fault zone by high-precision geodetic methods, at the following localities: across the Gulf of Cariaco and at Casanay (central-southern Araya—Paria peninsulas). 相似文献
19.
LATE QUATERNARY FAULTING OF JIALI FAULT1 ChungS ,LoC ,LeeT ,etal.DiachronousupliftoftheTibetanplateaustarting 40Myrago[J].Nature ,1998,394:76 9～773.
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20.
青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地表地质调查发现,第四纪期间在风火山逆冲-褶皱构造带以发生近东西向的伸展变形为特征。在该构造带中形成切割早期近东西向挤压变形构造带、指示近东西向伸展变形、整体沿北60°东向展布的二道沟断陷盆地。断裂活动的地质、地貌证据表明,控制该盆地晚第四纪断陷的主边界断裂位于其北缘,是一条断续延伸达24 km左右、可能兼具左旋走滑性质的正断层。根据该区晚第四纪沉积物的分布和时代,并对断裂所错动的晚第四纪地质-地貌体进行初步的年代学分析,可以初步断定该断裂的晚第四纪垂直活动速率应该介于0.2~0.4 mm/a之间。 相似文献