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1.
关于沉积差异负载对褶皱-冲断带中塑性盐岩变形的影响仍然不清楚,库车褶皱-冲断带拜城凹陷受到的构造挤压变形微弱,凹陷中沉积了巨厚的盐上覆层,是研究沉积差异负载如何影响塑性盐岩变形的天然实验室.根据野外地表调查结果、钻井资料和二维地震剖面,约束库车褶皱-冲断带拜城凹陷盐构造特征,并探讨盐构造成因机制.盐顶构造图揭示拜城凹陷盐上覆层发育东、西2个沉积中心,东沉积中心位于拜城县附近,西沉积中心位于BZ1井南侧,二者之间(大宛齐乡附近)形成大宛齐盐枕和拜城凹陷鞍部.钻井资料和地震剖面显示:(1)东、西沉积中心下伏盐岩流动减薄,二者之间盐岩聚集加厚;(2)大宛齐盐枕核部盐岩聚集发生于上新世晚期-现今;(3)上新世末期-现今,拜城凹陷鞍部下伏盐岩聚集加厚,盐岩厚度往东、西沉积中心逐渐减薄,形成东西向背形构造.基于盐构造特征和前人研究成果,提出库车褶皱-冲断带拜城凹陷盐构造相关的盐岩流动变形模型,认为沉积差异负载在库车褶皱-冲断带盐岩变形中发挥着重要作用:(1)在挤压应力和沉积差异负载作用下,以东、西沉积中心为圆心,盐岩向四周放射状流动;(2)盐岩变形以沿挤压方向(N-S)流动为主,但剖面间(E-W)流动也很明显. 相似文献
2.
程海艳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(4):1134
库车褶皱冲断带是由印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞形成的新生代再生前陆盆地,沉积古近系和新近系两套盐岩,在其西部发育盐底辟构造。根据野外地质调查、地震剖面解释以及平衡剖面制作,探讨了库车褶皱冲断带盐底辟的成因机制。库车褶皱冲断带盐底辟分为两种类型：沿喀拉玉尔滚走滑断层发育的点状盐底辟构造-盐栓;发育在吐孜玛扎地区的线状盐底辟构造-盐墙。库车褶皱冲断带西段盐上生长地层主要发生在库车组中段沉积期及以后,库车组中段发育角度不整合面,反映盐底辟的形成。盐栓受走滑作用的控制,为走滑拉张作用的产物,而盐墙受库车组中段及其后差异压实作用的控制,受挤压作用的改造。 相似文献
3.
库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
库车坳陷古-始新世沉积厚层膏盐岩,在沉积差异形成的重力负载作用下,膏盐岩发生塑性流动,山前的膏盐岩流向盆地内侧,发育盐底辟构造,形成吐孜玛扎盐墙、却勒盐丘,膏盐岩的塑性流动发生在膏盐层沉积后不久,并且持续到上新世库车早期,盐底辟构造主要通过被动底辟作用完成。上新世晚期,库车坳陷受到强烈的挤压作用,发生大规模的逆冲推覆,吐孜玛扎盐墙、却勒盐丘(应变强度薄弱部位)的北侧发育断层,盐岩沿断层刺穿地表,形成底辟型盐墙和喷出型盐席,同时发育整合型米斯坎塔克盐背斜和大宛齐盐枕。库车坳陷的盐构造分为两个阶段:构造平静期(渐新世-上新世),以重力差异负载作用为主,发育底辟型盐构造;构造挤压期(上新世晚期-现今),挤压作用强烈,形成逆冲推覆断层,在不同的构造部位分别形成盐席、盐墙、盐背斜,早期的盐构造对于后续挤压作用下盐构造的形成和演化具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
4.
库车前陆褶皱冲断带中段第三系盐枕构造 总被引：16，自引：10，他引：16
本文旨在探讨库车前陆褶皱冲断带盐枕构造的类型、分布、成因机制及其与油气聚集的关系。通过地震反射剖面的解释和石油地质条件综合分析,认为库车前陆褶皱冲断带由北而南依次发育残留盐枕、非稳态盐枕和稳态盐枕等 3类盐枕构造,沿克拉苏构造带和西秋立塔克构造带呈长条形带状分布,其成因受重力滑动、重力扩展、区域挤压和塑性流动作用的联合控制。从盐枕构造的演化序列和分布特征看,该区盐枕构造的主要特点表现为:北部盐枕形成较早,稳定性差,出现残留盐枕,盐枕规模较小;南部盐枕形成较晚,稳定性较强,形态相对完整,规模较大。库车前陆褶皱冲断带盐枕构造与油气聚集密切相关,伴随盐枕构造的形成,发育大量盐相关油气圈闭构造,沿盐枕构造成带状分布,同时盐枕构造巨厚的盐岩层为油气聚集提供了良好的封闭条件。 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地北部库车前陆褶皱-冲断带构造-地层层序可划分为中生界盐下层序、古新统一始新统盐层层序和渐新统一第四系盐上层序。盐岩层序的岩性主要为灰白色、浅灰色盐岩、膏岩、泥灰岩和紫红色碎屑岩,厚110～3000 m。盐岩层的存在使库车前陆褶皱-冲断带发育-系列盐相关构造,其中最引人注目的是盐推覆构造。野外地质调查、地震资料解释、遥感资料和钻井资料揭示,沿库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘西秋立塔克山发育大型盐推覆构造,总体呈近东西走向,并略呈往西南凸出的弧形展布,沿走向延伸超过200km,由北往南逆冲推覆距离达30km以上。主断层沿古新统-始新统盐岩层发育,外来推覆体由古新统-始新统盐层层序和渐新统-第四系盐上层序组成,表现为受断层控制的单面山,逆冲推覆在原地中生代-新生代地层之上。地质分析和剖面复原结果表明,盐推覆构造主要形成于新近纪末期以来的喜马拉雅晚期阶段,现今仍具有强烈的活动性。由于不均匀推覆作用,在盐推覆构造的不同地段,逆冲推覆距离、冲断层产状、外来岩系和原地岩系的叠置关系以及盐相关构造的发育都有较大差异,显示出走向上分段性特点。库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘盐推覆构造的形成演化受区域挤压作用、重力滑动和重力扩展作用控制。 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
塔里木盆地北部库车前陆褶皱带古新统一始新统发育盐岩层系，将库车前陆褶皱带构造变形和圈闭样式分为三层，即盐上构造、盐层(盐间)构造和盐下构造。盐上构造包括盐上背斜、盐上逆冲断层及断层相关褶皱、盐上背冲断块构造、强制褶皱、盐上逆冲断层遮挡构造和盐推覆构造等；盐层(盐间)构造主要包括盐枕构造、盐间断褶构造、盐焊接构造和外来盐席等；盐下构造主要有背冲断块构造、断层相关褶皱、叠瓦冲断带和双重构造等。库车前陆褶皱带盐构造的形成可能受挤压作用、重力滑动和重力扩展作用多重控制。笔者等讨论了盐相关构造油气成藏条件和模式，认为库车前陆褶皱带盐岩层变形与丰富的圈闭构造形成密切相关，烃源岩主要位于盐下，盐岩层作为优质盖层构成石油和天然气藏最优越的遮挡条件，断裂对盐下、盐间和盐上油气成藏都起重要控制作用，但盐下是最有利的油气聚集场所。 相似文献
7.
秋里塔格构造带位于库车褶皱冲断前缘,其东段包括东秋里塔格背斜和库车塔吾背斜。野外调查和地震剖面解释表明:秋里塔格构造带东段盐下发育断层转折褶皱; 盐上东秋里塔格背斜为滑脱箱状背斜,库车塔吾背斜核部为南倾逆冲断层所破坏。演化剖面显示秋里塔格构造带东段在侏罗纪断陷期发育了正断裂,其后为平静期,直到库车晚期后逆冲断层和褶皱快速发育,背斜最终形成。膏盐岩及古构造对构造变形具有重要影响,一方面作为滑脱层,分割了盐下层与盐上层,导致二者形成不同的构造样式; 另一方面塑性流动充填于背斜核部。由于膏盐岩的厚度差异,东秋里塔格背斜盐上发育褶皱,而库车塔吾背斜核部被逆冲断层破坏,膏盐层厚度还影响了膏盐层上下构造高点的相对位置。盐下构造的发育受侏罗纪古构造控制,进而影响了盐上构造的发育。 相似文献
8.
库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造在北部构造带以南出现明显的差异构造变形特征,在西段的克拉苏构造带盐下发育由一系列逆冲断裂组成的叠瓦构造,而在东段的东秋构造带盐下发育一个大型的断背斜构造。本文基于地震资料构造解析,采用离散元数值模拟方法,设计了5组数值模拟实验来探究先存断层、同构造沉积和滑脱层强度对褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响,进而分析库车坳陷东、西段构造特征差异的成因机制。模拟结果表明含盐褶皱冲断带往往发育垂向分层构造变形。先存断裂会影响褶皱冲断带构造传播的方式,导致盐下楔体形态、断裂数量和盐上构造样式的差异。同构造沉积会增强盐上和盐下的分层差异变形,滑脱层强度增强会减弱盐上和盐下的分层变形。通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷东、西段构造特征进行对比分析,我们认为先存断层可能是影响库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造差异演化的重要因素。库车坳陷东段的东秋构造带受先存断裂影响,在先存断裂的位置优先变形,形成东秋断裂和上覆东秋背斜,同时先存断裂既有助于应力释放,又阻拦应力向前传递,形成乱序式变形传播。库车坳陷西段的克拉苏构造带,没有先存断裂的影响,盐下主要发育前展式构造变形,形成由一系列逆冲断层组成的叠瓦构造楔体。 相似文献
9.
为厘定库车坳陷西段盐岩沉积边界盐构造演化特征及影响因素,利用野外地质调查、工业地震剖面解析和三维沙箱物理模拟实验对阿瓦特构造带进行了综合分析.结果表明：（1）阿瓦特构造带是库车坳陷西段典型挤压构造转换带,由乌什凹陷至阿瓦特凹陷,形成了由叠瓦逆冲断层向盐相关褶皱过渡的构造转换特征;（2）塔拉克走滑断层发育于乌什凹陷和阿瓦特凹陷交界处,是一条发育于盐上覆层的滑脱形成调节性横断层.受该断层影响,在盐上覆地层中形成塔拉克向斜、塔拉克背斜等拖曳式盐相关构造.越靠近塔拉克走滑断层,褶皱拖曳揉皱作用越强,甚至容易发育褶皱相关断层,促使盐岩出露地表;（3）阿瓦特构造转换带新生代变形主要受区域挤压作用、盐层分布及基底断裂活动共同控制. 相似文献
10.
《地质科技情报》2021,40(5)
挤压盐构造是在区域挤压应力场作用下形成的一种重要的盐构造类型,对沉积盆地内油气的生成、运移和圈闭成藏等具有重要的影响。在过去几十年内,挤压盐构造研究取得了重要进展,有效指导了挤压型含盐沉积盆地油气藏勘探。在综合分析盐岩物理特性、挤压盐构造变形演化,以及盐构造形成对油气成藏分布影响的基础上,探讨了挤压盐构造变形演化特征,分析了国内外典型含盐褶皱冲断带及其油气成藏特征;通过对比国内外含盐褶皱冲断带盐构造及典型油气藏,总结出国内外典型的含盐褶皱冲断带盐岩层均参与了构造变形,使得由造山带向盆地腹地,构造变形由强烈基底卷入逆冲推覆变形逐步过渡到薄皮滑脱褶皱变形,并影响褶皱冲断带内油气成藏的分布。最后,分析了目前我国含盐褶皱冲断带盐构造研究存在的问题以及未来盐构造研究方向。 相似文献
11.
J. Foden M. Sandiford J. Dougherty-Page I. Williams 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):377-389
The Rathjen Gneiss is the oldest and structurally most complex of the granitic intrusives in the southern Adelaide Fold‐Thrust Belt and therefore provides an important constraint on the timing of the Delamerian Orogen. Zircons in the Rathjen Gneiss show a complex growth history, reflecting inheritance, magmatic crystallisation and metamorphism. Both single zircon evaporation (‘Kober’ technique) and SHRIMP analysis yield best estimates of igneous crystallisation of 514 ± 5 Ma, substantially older than other known felsic intrusive ages in the southern Adelaide Fold‐Thrust Belt. This age places an older limit on the start of the Delamerian metamorphism and is compatible with known stratigraphic constraints suggesting the Early Cambrian Kanmantoo Group was deposited, buried and heated in less than 20 million years. High‐U overgrowths on zircons were formed during subsequent metamorphism and yield a 206Pb/238U age of 503 ± 7 Ma. The Delamerian Orogeny lasted no more than 35 million years. The emplacement of the Rathjen Gneiss as a pre‐ or early syntectonic granite is emphasised by its geochemical characteristics, which show affiliations with within‐plate or anorogenic granites. In contrast, younger syntectonic granites in the southern Adelaide Fold‐Thrust Belt have geochemical characteristics more typical of granites in convergent orogens. The Early Ordovician post‐tectonic granites then mark a return to anorogenic compositions. The sensitivity of granite chemistry to changes in tectonic processes is remarkable and clearly reflects changes in the contribution of crust and mantle sources. 相似文献
12.
Mohammad E. Al-Dabbagh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3297-3307
The Arabian Plate is important and unique in many ways. The worker wants to highlight the important features characterizing the Arabian Plate. It is a unique fit of the earth's surface jig saw puzzle, different than all other lithospheric plates. It has the three known main tectonic plate boundaries, divergent, convergent and conservative ones. These boundaries are the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Zagros-Taurus and Dead Sea, respectively. It has three main well-defined and sharp plate boundaries, and it is surrounded by three major plates, African, Eurasian and Indian plates. The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden form the divergent boundary and spreading center. The Dead Sea Transform Fault (the Gulf of Aqaba Transform Fault) represents the conservative boundary and transform fault system. The Zagros-Taurus Thrust (Zagros-Taurus-Bitlis Thrust and Fold Belt) represents the convergent boundary and collision zone. The Arabian Plate incorporates a wide range and variety and subvariety of all three rock types, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, this in addition to all kinds of structures. Among these are folding with major fold belts, faulting, foliation, lineation and diapirism. Transform, transcurrent, normal, graben, reverse, thrust faults are all represented one way or another. The tectonics of the Arabian shield, which forms a major part of the Arabian Plate, has long tectonic history prior to the formation of the Red Sea. After the opening and formation of the latter, the tectonics of the Arabian shield became affected and controlled by its tectonics. The Arabian Plate includes the Arabian Platform which has a relatively different setting of tectonics represented by the Central Arabian Graben. The Arabian Plate contains one of the best representative outcropped ophiolite sequences in the world. The Arabian Plate most importantly incorporates most of world oil reserve. Seismic and volcanic activities are also manifested and affected many areas in the Arabian Plate. 相似文献
13.
TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE YANGTZE PASSIVE MARGIN AND SONGPAN GARZ? FOLD BELT, CHINA 相似文献
14.
Understanding of seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas is essential as these areas lie in the seismic zone IV and are geologically confined to the Delhi Fold Belt (DFB), juxtaposed to the Himalayan Frontal Thrust Fold Belt. Owing to the set-up, seismicity in this area is ascribed to the Himalayan Thrust System and activation of DFB Fault Systems. Considerably improved instrumental seismic monitoring in this area and data analysis had resolved three regions of pronounced seismicity that lie close to Sonepat, Rohtak and western part of the NCT Delhi, attributed to activation of various portions of the fault systems of the DFB. Based on seismic telemetry network data, the seismicity pattern analysis revealed that the Mahendragarh Dehradun Sub-Surface Fault (MDSSF) and Delhi Sargodha Ridge (DSR) are the two major zones of structural importance for the nucleation of seismicity in this region. These revelations were corroborated with the fault plane solution of the earthquakes. The dominant mechanism in nucleation of seismicity in DFB is the thrust with minor strike slip. The seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas endemic to activation of DFB is reviewed and presented in this paper. 相似文献
15.
库车前陆盆地与波斯湾盆地盐构造对比研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对库车前陆盆地和波斯湾盆地的盐层发育状况、盐构造特征以及盐构造与油气关系的对比研究,认为盐底辟构造与油气密切相关。库车前陆盆地勘探程度较低,应注重寻找盐底辟构造,以及与其相关的圈闭。库车前陆盆地盐构造的形成机制与波斯湾盆地下法尔斯组/加奇萨兰组相似,与霍尔姆兹组不同。根据波斯湾盆地下法尔斯组/加奇萨兰组盐构造在油气成藏中的作用,认为库车前陆盆地南部盐层较厚的地区应加强盐下勘探的力度,寻找盐下圈闭。北部山前盐层欠发育地区应注重寻找盐上圈闭,同时兼顾盐下圈闭。库车前陆盆地具有良好的三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩,应该有很广阔的勘探前景。 相似文献
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The stratigraphy, structure and tectonics of Australia's Phanerozoic sedimentary basins are described briefly in terms of three settings: younger internal basins, older internal basins and peripheral basins.The younger internal basins developed successively following part by part cratonization of the Palaeozoic Tasman Fold Belt System. Most of the older internal basins probably had late Proterozoic beginnings and all have Precambrian cratonic basements. The peripheral basins occur around the present continental margins and in New Guinea; the oldest of them may be Devonian.The peripheral basins are the simplest to explain in terms of plate tectonics: some can be related to Australia breaking away from Gondwanaland, others to plate convergence in the east and in New Guinea. An attempt is made to fit the internal basins into a platetectonic geological history. 相似文献