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对鄂东地区上泥盆统五通组砂岩的成因，一直存在河流相和滨海相的不同认识。野外研究和室内分析表明：该组主要为一套成熟度较好纯净的石英砂岩和含海绿石石英砂岩。概率累积曲线斜率较大，以跳跃组分为主，悬浮组分和滚动组分含量低，有的砂岩跳跃组分具两段式，粒度参数属于分选好的滨海砂范围。微相和粒度分析都表明其具有明显的高能碎屑海岸的滨海沉积特征。砂岩中发育大型冲洗交错层理、大型不对称浪成波痕、不规则的坑凹面等典型的海滩沉积构造。纵向上为临滨下部一临滨上部一临滨下部一临滨上部一前滨一后滨沉积特征，上部为一个完整的退积型海滩沉积序列。区域古地理分析反映下扬子的鄂东地区晚泥盆世时期处于滨浅海环境，其北部可能与秦岭古海洋相通。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地西部四十厂剖面志留系柯坪塔格组沥青砂岩沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
塔里木盆地西部四十厂剖面志留系柯坪塔格组上部发育典型的沥青砂岩,分别位于若干个正韵律沉积旋回的中下部。通过典型露头剖面写实、沉积物粒度分析、矿物镜下鉴定、铸体薄片鉴定和X衍射等手段,对该剖面沥青砂岩进行了精细研究,发现沥青砂岩形成于潮坪沉积体系中潮间带下部的砂坪或混合坪内,岩性以细砂岩和粉砂岩为主,发育典型的双向交错层理和浅水动物遗迹等;其沉积物以跳跃搬运为主,受潮汐改造作用明显;碎屑矿物以石英或生物碎屑为主,含少量长石和粘土矿物。结合储层物性测试对沥青砂岩储集性进行了分析,结果表明,优质沥青砂岩储层往往是中等成分成熟度的长石石英砂岩,其内部长石含量在5%~10%之间,石英含量在75%~83%之间,其次是较高成分成熟度的石英砂岩,其内部长石含量一般在2%左右,石英含量在90%以上,较差的是含大量生物碎屑的砂岩,其内部生屑含量在60%左右,石英含量在35%左右。这对该区志留系沥青砂岩储层评价具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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通过沉积岩石学、岩相学、粒度分析等研究方法,对维美组沉积特征、沉积环境及演化提出新的认识和探讨。晚侏罗世维美组主要为一套陆源碎屑物质沉积,沉积期共经历4个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回的岩石组合大致为含砾石英砂岩-中、粗粒石英砂岩-细粒石英砂岩(长石石英砂岩)-粉砂岩(泥岩、页岩),由底到顶粒度变细,层厚减薄。识别出6种岩相类别:含砾石英砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、薄层页岩-泥岩互层;发现平行层理、水平层理、粒序层理和重荷模等沉积构造;识别出陆棚、滨岸和陆棚下切河道3类沉积相,其中陆棚相包括内陆棚和外陆棚亚相,滨岸相包括近滨上部和近滨下部亚相;陆棚下切河道充填结构大致为:下部河道砂砾岩层,中部不等粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩层,上部细粒石英砂岩、泥岩层。综合来看,维美组沉积环境为位于克拉通边缘上浅海环境,沉积物质及沉积序列受海平面升降变化影响显著,主要形成于全球海平面下降之后上升的阶段。 相似文献
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安徽巢北地区五通组沉积环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
下扬子地区广泛发育泥盆系五通组地层, 因为处于海侵初期, 地层中陆相和海相特征共存, 导致对该组沉积环境认识上的分歧;安徽巢北地区泥盆系五通组为一套厚层砂岩夹泥岩组合, 其沉积环境和沉积特征一直不清。为此, 在前人研究成果和野外剖面实测基础上, 采用沉积学、地层学等方法, 结合室内磨片和粒度分析方法, 对其厚层砂岩段进行了详细分析, 研究发现巢湖地区五通组形成于海相沉积环境, 即具滚动组分和跳跃组分组成的多段式的后滨-前滨, 跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的前滨-上临滨, 有跳跃组分和悬浮组分组成的两段式的沙泥混合坪, 结合沉积序列特点和沉积特征, 最终确定五通组的观山段下部为滨岸相的后滨-前滨的砾石海滩沉积, 观山段上部为滨岸相的前滨-上临滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段下部为滨岸相的混合坪粉砂岩泥岩沉积, 擂鼓台段中部为滨岸相的泥坪、海湾、滨岸沼泽沉积间有前滨的砂质海滩沉积, 擂鼓台段上部为滨岸相的含铁质的混合坪沉积。该文不仅具有理论价值, 也具有一定的教学示范作用。 相似文献
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通过对辽宁兴城地区中元古界长城系大红峪组底部的石英砂岩质砾岩的野外调研、砾石颗粒统计分析,在显微镜下分别对砾石的砂岩和填隙物的砂岩进行了岩相学研究、粒度统计分析等研究工作,结果显示砾石粒径大小为5 mm～420 mm,组成砾石的砂岩主要为细粒砂岩和粉砂岩,其中石英碎屑颗粒以跳跃方式搬运为主;填隙物砂岩的石英碎屑颗粒包括悬浮、跳跃、滚动形式搬运的3个次总体,其概率累积曲线研究显示代表性填隙物砂岩的各项参数为:平均粒径Mz=2.3、标准偏差σ1=0.83、偏度Sk1=-0.06、尖度KG=1.025、粒度参数Y=-5.585.因此认为:构成砾石的石英砂岩其沉积环境为滨浅海环境中的前滨与后滨亚相;填隙物的石英砂岩形成于滨岸带,属无障壁海岸相中的海岸沙丘亚相沉积;石英砂岩质砾岩的形成环境为冀鲁古陆边缘与胶辽边缘海交界处.此砾岩层的出现证实本区在大红峪早期发生过一次构造抬升. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东河砂岩段是中国首例获高产工业性油气流的海相滨岸沉积,它是石炭纪初期海侵阶段的沉积产物,包括底部砾岩、中部块状砂岩和上部含砾砂岩沉积。东河砂岩段主体岩性为中细石英质砾岩和岩屑质细砂岩,具有中等偏高的成份和结构成熟度、酸性岩浆岩的重矿物组合、海相沉积物的微量元素特征,发育不同类型的交错层理、平行层理、冲洗层理以及生物扰动构造,垂向上构成河口湾(河流)和滨岸沉积序列。底部砾岩形成于受古地形控制的砾质河流沉积环境;中部块状砂岩和上部含砾砂岩形成于河口湾和前滨、临滨沉积环境。平面上,塔中10井和塔中14井以西地区以前滨和临滨沉积为特征,以东地区以河口湾沉积为特征,整体表现出自西向东的海侵特征。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2016,(1)
花脖湾石英岩矿赋存于长城系磨石沟组,矿石质地纯净且变化稳定,这与沉积环境关系密切。在详细研究石英岩矿物组成、嵌布粒度特征和分析化学成分与石英粒径关系的基础上,探讨了磨石沟组沉积环境对石英岩特征的影响关系,并提出了相关的开发利用建议。结果表明:花脖湾石英岩的平均w(SiO_2)为97.09%,石英粒度集中分布在0.098mm~0.26mm内;在区域北西(前滨)-南东(临滨)方向上,随着石英粒径减小,杂质含量逐渐增多,石英岩w(SiO_2)由99.10%降低到93.64%,与平均嵌布粒度的相关系数达到87.7%;磨石沟组沉积环境为高能碎屑海岸的滨浅海沉积,沉积分选作用直接控制了碎屑沉积物的矿物组成和粒度分布,化学元素配分受白云母含量变化影响;花脖湾石英岩矿资源前景良好,应根据沉积环境变化特征对其进行梯度开发利用。 相似文献
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有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。 相似文献
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The Maastrichtian Patti Formation, which consists of shale - claystone and sandstone members, constitutes one of the three Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the intracratonic southeastern Bida Basin, in central Nigeria. Well exposed outcrops of this formation were investigated at various locations around the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers. The lithostratigraphic sections were measured and their peculiar sedimentological features such as textures, physical and biogenic sedimentary structures, facies variations and associations were documented and used to interpret the depositional environments and develop a paleogeographic model. Some selected representative samples of the sedimentary depositional facies were also subjected to grain size analysis.Three shoreline sedimentary depositional facies composed of shoreface, tidal channel, and tidal marsh to coastal swamp facies were recognized in the study area. Continental sedimentary depositional facies such as fluvial channel, swamp, and overbank were also documented. The sandstones of the shoreface and tidal channel facies are medium- to coarse-grained, moderately sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.45–1.28 averaging 0.72), and quartzarenitic. The fluvial channel sandstone facies are coarse- to very coarse-grained, mostly poorly sorted (standard deviation ranges from 0.6–1.56 averaging 1.17), and subarkosic. Typical sedimentary structures displayed by the shoreface and tidal channel facies include burrows, clay drapes, hummocky and herringbone cross stratifications, whereas the fluvial channel sandstone facies are dominated by massive and planar cross beddings. The tidal marsh to coastal swamp shales and ferruginised siltstone facies are fossiliferous and bioturbated, whereas the nonmarine swamp siltstones contain vegetal imprints and lignite interbeds. The overbank claystone facies are massive and kaolinitic.In the study area, a regressive to transgressive model is proposed for the Patti Formation. This model correlates with stratigraphically equivalent sediments of the Ajali and Mamu Formations in the adjacent Anambra Basin to a great extent. 相似文献
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通过精细岩芯描述、单井沉积微相分析与地震相、测井相综合研究,认为在塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷西缘奥陶系柯坪塔格组下段顶部含油气砂体中,发育3种类型的准层序：①粒级由底部粗—中下部细—上部粗的、反映整体向上变浅的海侵滞留沉积—海泛泥岩—滨岸沉积准层序,羊屋2井5460~5468 m含油气段位于该准层序内;②粒级向上变粗的滨外泥岩—临滨－前滨沉积,顶部受风暴影响的准层序,跃南2井6503~6512 m含油气段位于该准层序内;③粒级向上变细的潮下带—潮间带沉积的准层序,吉南1井5465~5486 m含油气段属于此准层序。发育于羊屋2井中的第一种准层序内含油气砂体在时间上属于较早的准层序3,发育于跃南2井、哈得13井中的第二种准层序与吉南1井中的第三种准层序内的含油气砂体属于稍晚的准层序4。早期沉积的、发育于羊屋2井顶部的第一种准层序是有利储层发育段,该井区以北靠近柯坪塔格组下段顶面尖灭线附近的准层序3时期沉积的临滨相储层是油气聚集成藏的有利部位。 相似文献
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在充分调研前人研究成果的基础上,对京西坳陷青白口地区青白口系进行了野外实测、岩石薄片鉴定等研究,结合其岩性特征及沉积结构,细致划分了青白口系沉积相,建立了符合其沉积演化的沉积相模式。青白口系自下而上包括下马岭组、龙山组及景儿峪组,下马岭组为陆源碎屑浅海沉积体系,主要为较深水的陆棚相沉积,并且发育了砂质碎屑流;龙山组为陆源碎屑滨岸沉积体系,发育了大套的临滨及前滨砂体,主要受控于波浪和沿岸流的改造;景儿峪组为典型的碎屑岩碳酸盐岩混积潮坪,由于古纬度相对变化,沉积环境相对干旱局限且低能,下部和上部主要为紫红色泥岩沉积,中部发育大套厚层的碳酸盐岩。由龙山组陆源输入的碎屑物质沉积为主过渡到景儿峪组的内生清水碳酸盐岩沉积为主的环境,代表其构造条件和古地理环境逐渐趋于稳定。 相似文献
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滇东北地区产出超大型石英砂岩矿床,其主要含矿层位为中泥盆世缩头山组一段。针对滇东北彝良地区缩头山组一段进行的剖面测量、钻探和槽探等一系列研究显示,研究区缩头山组一段厚度为62.8m^222.7m,主要由灰白色厚层状中细粒石英砂岩组成,平行层理、冲洗层理、浪成交错层理和浪成波痕发育,波浪作用特征明显;薄片研究显示,缩头山组一段石英砂岩具颗粒支撑、硅质胶结、凹凸-线接触结构特征,石英砂颗粒压溶和次生加大现象明显;粒度分析显示,石英砂岩粒度集中分布于1.5Φ~3.5Φ之间,缺少拖移总体和悬移总体,跃移总体高达99%,由两个次总体构成,为典型的前滨带粒度分布特征;化学分析显示,缩头山组一段石英砂岩的SiO2化学纯度达99.05~99.39,平均为98.99(N=11),超过平板玻璃原料一级品的工业标准。可以认为,缩头山组一段石英砂岩为结构成熟度和矿物成熟度极高的滨岸高能前滨带石英砂岩,经成岩作用的进一步纯化,其粒度特征和化学纯度已经达到高纯石英砂岩的标准,可望成为高纯石英的原材料,并可为扩大滇东北地区高纯石英矿资源潜力提供精准的找矿方向。 相似文献
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根据野外露头剖面观察与实测、镜下薄片观察、粒度分析、X-衍射分析等资料,对山西黎城中元古界长城系常州沟组岩石学特征与沉积环境进行了系统的分析。研究认为:①黎城常州沟组以石英砂岩和长石石英砂岩为主,夹少量泥页岩或砂质泥岩,其成分成熟度与结构成熟度均较高,为碎屑岩潮坪沉积。②常州沟组按岩性及其组合特征可分为3段:常一段岩性主要为细粒石英砂岩,为潮下带沉积;常二段岩性主要为石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩,为潮上带-潮间沙坪沉积;常三段岩性主要为细粒石英砂岩,夹少量长石石英砂岩,为潮下带-潮间混合坪沉积。③常州沟组整体水动力表现为强-弱-强-弱的变化过程。建立了障壁型海岸相碎屑岩潮坪沉积模式。 相似文献
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Romain Vaucher Bernard Pittet Hélène Hormière Emmanuel L. O. Martin Bertrand Lefebvre 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):777-807
Hybrid depositional systems are created by the interaction of two or more hydrodynamic processes that control facies distribution and their characteristics in terms of sedimentary structures and depositional geometry. The interaction of wave and tide both in the geological sedimentary record and modern environments has been rarely described in the literature. Mixed coastal environments are identified by the evidence of wave and tidal structures and are well identified in nearshore environments, while their recognition in lower shoreface–offshore environments lacks direct information from modern settings. Detailed field analyses of 10 stratigraphic sections of the Lower Ordovician succession (Fezouata and Zini formations; Anti‐Atlas, Morocco) have allowed the definition of 14 facies, all grouped in four facies zones belonging to a storm‐dominated, wave‐dominated sedimentary siliciclastic system characterized by symmetrical ripples of various scales. Peculiar sedimentary organization and sedimentary structures are observed: (i) cyclical changes in size of sedimentary structures under fair‐weather or storm‐weather conditions; (ii) decimetre‐deep erosional surfaces in swaley cross‐stratifications; (iii) deep internal erosion within storm deposits; (iv) discontinuous sandstone layers in most depositional environments, and common deposition of sandstones with a limited lateral extension, interpreted to indicate that deposition at all scales (metric to kilometric) is discontinuous; (v) combined flow–oscillation ripples showing aggrading–prograding internal structures alternating with purely aggrading wave ripples; and (vi) foreshore environments characterized by alternating phases of deposition of parallel stratifications, small‐scale and large‐scale ripples and tens of metres‐wide reactivation surfaces. These characteristics of deposition suggest that wave intensity during storm‐weather or fair‐weather conditions was continuously modulated by another controlling factor of the sedimentation: the tide. However, tidal structures are not recognized, because they were probably not preserved due to dominant action of storms and waves. A model of deposition is provided for this wave‐dominated, tide‐modulated sedimentary system recording proximal offshore to intertidal–foreshore environments, but lacking diagnostic tidal structures. 相似文献
17.
Sediments exposed at low tide on the transgressive, hypertidal (>6 m tidal range) Waterside Beach, New Brunswick, Canada permit the scrutiny of sedimentary structures and textures that develop at water depths equivalent to the upper and lower shoreface. Waterside Beach sediments are grouped into eleven sedimentologically distinct deposits that represent three depositional environments: (1) sandy foreshore and shoreface; (2) tidal‐creek braid‐plain and delta; and, (3) wave‐formed gravel and sand bars, and associated deposits. The sandy foreshore and shoreface depositional environment encompasses the backshore; moderately dipping beachface; and a shallowly seaward‐dipping terrace of sandy middle and lower intertidal, and muddy sub‐tidal sediments. Intertidal sediments reworked and deposited by tidal creeks comprise the tidal‐creek braid plain and delta. Wave‐formed sand and gravel bars and associated deposits include: sediment sourced from low‐amplitude, unstable sand bars; gravel deposited from large (up to 5·5 m high, 800 m long), landward‐migrating gravel bars; and zones of mud deposition developed on the landward side of the gravel bars. The relationship between the gravel bars and mud deposits, and between mud‐laden sea water and beach gravels provides mechanisms for the deposition of mud beds, and muddy clast‐ and matrix‐supported conglomerates in ancient conglomeratic successions. Idealized sections are presented as analogues for ancient conglomerates deposited in transgressive systems. Where tidal creeks do not influence sedimentation on the beach, the preserved sequence consists of a gravel lag overlain by increasingly finer‐grained shoreface sediments. Conversely, where tidal creeks debouch onto the beach, erosion of the underlying salt marsh results in deposition of a thicker, more complex beach succession. The thickness of this package is controlled by tidal range, sedimentation rate, and rate of transgression. The tidal‐creek influenced succession comprises repeated sequences of: a thin mud bed overlain by muddy conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, a coarse lag, and capped by trough cross‐bedded sand and gravel. 相似文献