共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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为了查明火山碎屑岩中自生碳酸盐矿物的分布特征及对储层物性的影响,以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷火山碎屑岩为研究对象,调查火山碎屑岩中自生碳酸盐矿物的类型,并通过统计50余口探井的碳酸盐含量及储层物性数据,探讨其分布特征及对储层物性的影响。结果表明：海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷火山碎屑岩中自生碳酸盐矿物主要为方解石和白云石,其次为菱铁矿、片钠铝石和铁白云石;纵向上随着埋藏深度增加出现两个碳酸盐含量高值带,分别出现在1 500～1 900m和2 200～2 700m深度,前者主要为以胶结作用为主的连生方解石和显晶方解石及菱铁矿,后者主要为以交代作用为主的晚期方解石、白云石、铁白云石和片钠铝石;湖底扇等分选较差的沉积相为碳酸盐矿物发育的有利相带,扇-辫状河三角洲相为次有利相带;靠近德尔布干深大断裂的井碳酸盐含量要高于远离该断裂的井,且在该断裂附近的德2、德6和德8等井中见片钠铝石自生矿物,这主要因为断层是CO2逸散的通道,断层处的富CO2流体能够与围岩反应生成碳酸盐矿物;熔结凝灰岩和凝灰岩中的碳酸盐矿物含量要高于沉凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩及普通砂岩,这主要因为火山岩及火山碎屑物质中金属离子含量高,易于释放,从而结合CO23-形成碳酸盐矿物;贝尔凹陷内储层孔隙度和渗透率等参数与碳酸盐含量呈负相关关系,说明碳酸盐含量对储层物性主要起破坏作用。 相似文献
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黄骅坳陷三马地区中-深部储层成岩作用及主控因素分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
黄骅坳陷三马地区储集岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明，三马地区下第三系中深层储层主要处于晚成岩A期，成岩现象包括石英、长石的次生加大、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、矿物交代作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等。其中石英次生加大于2700m左右开始出现，随埋深增大，石英增生加强；长石次生加大现象不十分普遍；碳酸盐胶结作用包括早期自生泥晶方解石胶结作用、连晶方解石和晚期白云石(或铁方解石)的胶结作用。在扫描电镜下可见到方解石与含铁方解石集合体充填在粒间孔隙中或与石英、钠长石及粘土矿物共生，白云岩多呈菱形粒状分布于粒间；常见的交代现象主要有方解石交代长石、石英及粘土矿物，粘土矿物交代长石、石英等；溶解作用主要有长石的溶解、碳酸盐颗粒的溶解和方解石胶结物的溶解等，粘土矿物的转化主要为蒙脱石、高岭石向伊利石(或绿泥石)转化。还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、孔隙水中有机酸含量、早期方解石的充填、烃类早期注入等因素对储层成岩演化的控制作用。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>Knoblauch(1963)及Bausch(1980)的研究证明,所有泥岩、粉砂岩及砂岩中能出现的矿物可以在碳酸盐岩中出现。碳酸盐岩层系中除了包括常见的碳酸盐矿物(方解石(或低镁方解石)、镁方解石(高镁方解石)、文石、白云石、菱铁矿、菱镁矿、菱锰矿等),还包括少量(一般1%)的自生非碳酸盐矿物(硅质、黄铁矿、石膏和硬石膏等),以及陆源碎屑矿物(石英、长石、黏土矿物和重矿物等)。在以碳酸 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马家沟组主要由原始沉积的碳酸盐岩和岩溶角砾岩组成.储集空间以次生孔隙为主.中奥陶世沉积作用之后不久,即发生了溶解作用、白云石沉淀、干化脱水作用、机械压实作用、岩溶作用和胶结作用.胶结作用很普遍,主要发生在中石炭世之后的埋藏条件下,是对储层重要的破坏作用.充填于硬石膏结核溶模孔和非组构选择性溶蚀孔、洞、缝的方解石和白云石是最常见的胶结物.这些方解石和白云石胶结物具泥晶、嵌晶状或粒状晶粒结构.泥晶白云石基质的δ18O值-10.98‰～-0.8‰,平均-5.54‰;δ13C值-4.76‰～5.77‰,平均1.51‰.充填于溶蚀孔、缝中的白云石的δ18O值-12.54‰ ～-2.67‰,平均-7.34‰; δ13C值-5.56‰～3.48‰,平均0.28‰.充填于溶蚀孔、缝方解石的δ18O值-15.42‰ ～-6.02‰,平均-9.51‰;δ13C值-12.44‰～1.33‰,平均-3.20‰.总的来说,白云石和方解石胶结物的δ18O和δ13C值低于泥晶白云石基质的,原因是形成晚,受淡水淋滤、埋藏作用和有机质影响较大.泥晶白云石基质的Na含量0～ 350 μg/g,平均59μg/g; Sr含量0～380 μg/g,平均10 μg/g;Fe含量0～ 14 570 μg/g,平均1 040 μg/g; Mn含量0～4 670 μg/g,平均183 μg/g.充填于次生孔隙中的胶结物的Na、Sr、Mn含量与泥晶白云石基质的差别不大,因这些元素含量均低.充填于次生孔隙的碳酸盐胶结物较泥晶白云石基质有明显高的Fe含量.胶结物包裹体的均一温度在90℃ ～ 140C范围内.胶结物沉淀于埋藏较深,温度较高的还原条件下.流体包裹体的气相成分以CH4最为普遍,液相成分以H2O占绝大多数.早期胶结物形成于天然气形成前,晚期胶结物形成于天然气形成之后.岩溶洼地是胶结作用最发育的地带. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川地区露头区中三叠统延长组长7段细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩层序中发育有大量圆球状、椭球状、扁球状碳酸盐岩结核,对于其成因存在争议.对铜川地区多个剖面的结核开展宏观描述,在微观薄片观察基础上开展岩石矿物组成、稳定同位素、簇同位素以及微区同位素等分析,特别是选取一个结核开展了详细的解剖.结果显示结核成分以方解石为主,少量白云石;内部结构有差异,在球体横切面上明显分为两个圈层;碳同位素值正偏,由内部圈层向外部圈层降低;氧同位素与碳同位素变化趋势一致,计算结核形成古温度变化区间为28.6～76.5℃;簇同位素揭示结核中部形成温度为42.9℃.认为该类结核为早期发酵带内细菌参与甲烷生成作用形成,甲烷菌活动引起有机质碳同位素分馏,碳酸盐结核中方解石和白云石圆球粒可能是蓝细菌细胞方解石化或白云石化的结果.根据埋藏史,认为该类结核形成于成岩作用早期,后期在成岩过程中叠加生长,同心环层结构明显. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马家沟组主要由原始沉积的碳酸盐岩和岩溶角砾岩组成。储集空间以次生孔隙为主。中奥陶世沉积作用之后不久,即发生了溶解作用、白云石沉淀、干化脱水作用、机械压实作用、岩溶作用和胶结作用。胶结作用很普遍,主要发生在中石炭世之后的埋藏条件下,是对储层重要的破坏作用。充填于硬石膏结核溶模孔和非组构选择性溶蚀孔、洞、缝的方解石和白云石是最常见的胶结物。这些方解石和白云石胶结物具泥晶、嵌晶状或粒状晶粒结构。泥晶白云石基质的δ18O值-10.98‰~-0.8‰,平均-5.54‰;δ13C值-4.76‰~5.77‰,平均1.51‰。充填于溶蚀孔、缝中的白云石的δ18O值-12.54‰~-2.67‰,平均-7.34‰;δ13C值-5.56‰~3.48‰,平均0.28‰。充填于溶蚀孔、缝方解石的δ18O值-15.42‰~-6.02‰,平均-9.51‰;δ13C值-12.44‰~1.33‰,平均-3.20‰。总的来说,白云石和方解石胶结物的δ18O和δ13C值低于泥晶白云石基质的,原因是形成晚,受淡水淋滤、埋藏作用和有机质影响较大。泥晶白云石基质的Na含量0~350 μg/g,平均59 μg/g; Sr含量0~380 μg/g,平均10 μg/g;Fe含量0~14 570 μg/g,平均1 040 μg/g;Mn含量0~4 670 μg/g,平均183 μg/g。充填于次生孔隙中的胶结物的Na、Sr、Mn含量与泥晶白云石基质的差别不大,因这些元素含量均低。充填于次生孔隙的碳酸盐胶结物较泥晶白云石基质有明显高的Fe含量。胶结物包裹体的均一温度在90℃~140℃范围内。胶结物沉淀于埋藏较深,温度较高的还原条件下。流体包裹体的气相成分以CH4最为普遍,液相成分以H2O占绝大多数。早期胶结物形成于天然气形成前,晚期胶结物形成于天然气形成之后。岩溶洼地是胶结作用最发育的地带。 相似文献
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自生碳酸盐矿物是揭示甲烷渗漏过程及其周期性变化的重要指标。为了方便、快速地识别出自生碳酸盐矿物,在探讨了前人建立的端元组分模型(文石、高镁方解石、生物成因方解石和碎屑)在我国南海北部适用性的基础上,利用沉积物全样中Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca值计算了南海北部神狐海域两支沉积物柱状样中自生碳酸盐矿物的质量分数,计算结果表明,在不同沉积深度均有含量不等的自生碳酸盐矿物。这一结果被X射线衍射结果和沉积物中存在晶形完好的自生高镁方解石和文石矿物所验证,表明利用前人建立的端元组分模型计算的结果具有可靠性。自生碳酸盐矿物的出现显示该海域深受甲烷渗漏作用影响。利用地球化学指标(Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca)获得的自生碳酸盐矿物含量垂向变化显示该区域甲烷渗漏具有强弱交替的周期变化。运用端元组分模型来获取沉积物柱状样中自生碳酸盐矿物的高分辨率剖面,从而识别甲烷渗漏信息非常方便,在大范围寻找甲烷渗漏和天然气水合物方面具有较大潜力。 相似文献
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湖泊自生碳酸盐δ18O是重建湖泊演化历史的重要代用指标,然而由于湖泊沉积物质来源的多元性和沉积过程的复杂性,所获沉积物碳酸盐的δ18O往往具有多解性.在嘎顺诺尔古湖相沉积小狐山剖面,其剖面590 ～500cm层段湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物中的方解石逐渐被白云石取代,同时碳酸盐δ18O呈现异常偏重趋势,其幅度达6.1‰.本文以此为例,通过对沉积物碳酸盐矿物类型和碳酸盐δ18O的分析,结合沉积物粒度、TOC和有机碳同位素等代用指标,对碳酸盐δ18O的影响因素进行了定量评估.对小狐山剖面而言,结果显示湖水蒸发浓缩效应和碳酸盐矿物相变均会导致碳酸盐δ18O发生变化,其中碳酸盐矿物相变引起的分馏作用是影响δ18O发生非环境效应的最主要因素之一.小狐山剖面沉积物中白云石较方解石富集δ18O约7.65‰～ 11.02‰,由此估算白云石与方解石之间的分馏作用可以解释δ18O波动约70％.本文研究结果揭示了自然条件下生成的不同碳酸盐矿物相变存在氧同位素分馏,在进行古环境重建的过程中必须对此进行重视和评估. 相似文献
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Calcite cementation during bacterial manganese, iron and sulphate reduction in Jurassic shallow marine carbonates 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
JAMES P. HENDRY 《Sedimentology》1993,40(1):87-106
Faunally restricted argillaceous wackestones from the Middle Jurassic of eastern England contain evidence of early diagenetic skeletal aragonite dissolution and stabilization of the carbonate matrix, closely followed by precipitation of zoned calcite cements, and precipitation of pyrite. Distinctive cathodoluminescence and trace element trends through the authigenic calcites, their negative δ13C compositions and the location of pyrite in the paragenetic sequence indicate that calcite precipitation took place during sequential bacterial Mn, Fe and sulphate reduction. Calcite δ18O values are compatible with cementation from essentially marine pore fluids, although compositions vary owing to minor contamination with 18O-depleted ‘late’cements. Mg and Sr concentrations in the calcites are lower than those in recent marine calcite cements. This may be a result of kinetic factors associated with the shallow burial cementation microenvironments. Bicarbonate for sustained precipitation of the authigenic calcites was derived largely from aragonite remobilization, augmented by that produced through anaerobic organic matter oxidation in the metal and sulphate reduction environments. Aragonite dissolution is thought to have been induced by acidity generated during aerobic bacterial oxidation of organic matter. Distinction of post-oxic metal reduction and anoxic sulphate reduction diagenetic environments in modern carbonate sediments is uncommon outside pelagic settings, and early bacterially mediated diagenesis in modern platform carbonates is associated with extensive carbonate dissolution. High detrital Fe contents of the Jurassic sediments, and their restricted depositional environment, were probably the critical factors promoting early cementation. These precipitates constitute a unique example of calcite authigenesis in shallow water limestones during bacterial Mn and Fe reduction. 相似文献
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华北秦皇岛地区的中奥陶统马家沟组以广泛发育海相白云质灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩为特征。在石门寨奥陶系亮甲山剖面,马家沟组自下而上识别出四类碳酸盐岩:含白云石泥晶灰岩（类型I）、细-粉晶白云岩（类型II）、“麦粒状”细-粉晶白云岩（类型III）和钙质泥晶白云岩（类型IV）。类型I主要由泥晶方解石构成,含三叶虫和介形类生物碎片,少量自形的粉晶白云石呈“漂浮状”分布于压溶缝合线内,基质中少见。岩相学和地球化学特征表明此类白云石形成于埋藏成岩期压溶作用之后,压溶缝为云化流体提供通道,压溶缝内泥质组分的成岩转化可能为白云化作用提供了部分镁离子来源;类型II白云岩主要由自形、半自形不等粒粉晶-细晶白云石构成,白云石普遍具有“雾心亮边”,在背散射和阴极发光照片中白云石可见清晰的多圈亮、暗相间环带。环带和带间主量元素的差异表明白云石经历了埋藏成岩期多期成岩流体的改造;类型III白云岩中白云石呈单向延伸的“米粒”或“麦粒”状,粉晶为主,晶体长轴方向具有垂直结晶轴c的特点,白云石具富铁、贫锰、锶的特点,长、短对角线上钙、镁离子的微小差异以及阴极发光特征表明此类白云石也经历了埋藏成岩期的改造,成岩流体使白云石发生微溶作用可能是导致白云石晶体单向延伸且光学性质固定取向的主要原因;类型IV为钙质泥晶球粒白云岩,含石膏假晶,白云石多为微晶和微亮晶,球粒也多由微晶白云石构成,溶孔发育,但全被亮晶贫铁方解石充填,此类岩石的白云化作用发生得很早,可能形成于潮上带澙湖或潮坪环境。综上所述,研究区马家沟组碳酸盐岩具有经历了不同类型及多期白云化作用的特点。自剖面底部向顶部,白云石的有序度由0.8降至0.47,而去云化作用则呈现逐渐增强的趋势。 相似文献
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碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光性主要受其Mn^2＋和Fe^2＋含量,以及Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋值的综合控制,但Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋值的控制作用强一些。研究中充填裂缝的方解石胶结物样品主要采自北京西山寒武系和奥陶系的碳酸盐岩地层中。此外,还从北京石花洞中采集了现代溶洞的石笋样品。样品的阴极发光强度可分为不发光、暗、中等和亮,阴极发光颜色也相应地分为不发光、橙红色、橙黄色和亮黄色。通过对野外露头样品进行电子探针研究,测定其中的Mn^2＋和F^2＋’的含量,并结合样品的阴极发光颜色和强度,得出Mn^2＋含量要在0．01％以上,Fe^2＋含量至少在0．8％以下,Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋在0．05以上,方解石胶结物才能发光。经研究发现,充填裂缝中方解石胶结物的阴极发光性与Mn^2＋和Fe^2＋含量,以及Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋值之间存在如下关系：不含Mn^2＋,Fe^2＋微量,Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋为0时,不发光;0．05〈Mn^2＋Fe^2＋〈0．2时,发光强度暗,发光颜色为橙红色;0．2〈Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋〈2时,发光强度中等,发光颜色为橙黄色;Mn^2＋／Fe^2＋〉2时,发光强度亮,发光颜色为亮黄色。 相似文献
14.
A.E.KELEPERTSIS E.KONTIS 《中国地球化学学报》1997,16(1):8-19
The mineralogy and geochemistry data are presented for thirty-seven shales,four concretions,two carbonate sediments and seven lignites from the Marathousa coal field of the Megalopolis Basin in Greece.The argillaceous rocks consist of chlorite,illite,kaolinte,albite,quartz.opal-A,calcite and dolomite;the concretions of aragonite,gypsum and pyrite;and the carbonate rocks of calcite,quartz and illite.The mineral matter in the lignites consists of gypsum,quartz,albite,chlorite,illite,opal-A,dolomite,pyrite,and rarely calcite and kaolinite Athree-factor model explains the total variaition of major and trace elements in the argillaceous sediments.The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor and involves the following elements:Al,Si,Mg,Na,K,Ti,Mn,Nb,Y,Rb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Nband V,associated with chlorite,albite and illite.The second factor involves the elements Ca,Sr,Ba,Znand Sc and is related to carbonate lithology and mainly the carbonate concretions with gypsum.The third factor involves Fe and Ce with a weak association with Mn.The diagenesis of the Marathousa sediments and lignites was not very advanced as indicated by (a) the total thickness of the sequence (500m),(b) the presence of biogenic silica(opal-A) and (c) the age of the deposit(Pleistocene).FOr these reasons the rpresence of chlorite,illite and kaolinite in the sediments and lignite is due not to diagenetic reactions but to weathering of the flysch and metamorphic rocks at the edges of the Megalopolis Basin and transport of the weathering products(illite,chlorite,kaolinite)into the basin of deposition.The diagenetic minerals of the Marathousa sequence include pyrite,gypsum,dolomite and aragonite. 相似文献
15.
黄思静 《沉积与特提斯地质》1990,10(4):9-15
引言众所周知,原始的海相碳酸盐矿物为文石、高镁方解石和低镁方解石,但它们对成岩蚀变极度敏感,在大气淡水成岩环境中,文石和高镁方解石都会转变为成岩低镁方解石,同时,原始的低镁方解石也会有不同程度的蚀变。在进行古代碳酸盐岩的沉积环境和古海洋学研究时,往往需要测定岩石中的微量元素及氧、碳、锶等同位素组成,用以判断古海水 相似文献
16.
台地泥质组分沉积记录了源—汇过程和环境演化等沉积学领域信息,可作为古气候和古环境重建的重要载体。然而,利用沉积物中的泥质组分进行古气候和古环境恢复时仍存在相当大的复杂性和局限性。鉴于此,笔者以上寺剖面中二叠统茅口组为例,通过研究该层位富泥质组分灰岩—泥灰岩韵律的宏微观形貌学和矿物学特征,发现其泥质组分主要由成岩黏土矿物海泡石构成,其次为少量滑石和蒙脱石。基于前人认识,进一步运用电子探针和激光原位元素地球化学分析手段,综合认为海泡石中镁元素来源于继承海水的孔隙水以及亚稳定矿物的转化释放,硅元素可能来源于上扬子台地的同沉积期断裂热液。此外,滑石主要形成于海泡石埋藏过程中的成岩转化,蒙脱石可能也具有类似成因,但不排除有少量蒙脱石来源于火山物质的海底改造。结合区域资料,华南中二叠统浅水碳酸盐台地上广泛发育自生成因（早期成岩作用和埋藏成岩作用）泥质组分。因此,在利用泥质组分来恢复古环境的时候,需要谨慎识别其成因,这将有利于提高沉积旋回识别和环境解释的准确性;另一方面,对自生成因泥质组分进行专门研究,在成岩过程以及成岩地球化学信号识别上也具有参考价值。 相似文献
17.
Y. H. Qing J. Y. Wu J. J. Yang S. L. Zhang C. H. Xiong 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(5):723-740
The characteristics and formation mechanism of calcite cements in the tight sandstone of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in the northeastern Central Sichuan Basin were analysed using petrographic and isotopic techniques. In the tight sandstone of the Lianggaoshan Formation, cements are mostly calcite and occur as poikilitic, pore-filling, fracture-filling and replacement of clastic particles. Contents of Al, Si, Fe and Mn in the poikilitic calcites are significantly less than that in the dissolution pore-filling and metasomatic calcites. Three stages (early, middle and late) of authigenic calcites correspond to temperature ranges of <60, 60–100 and ≥100?°C, respectively, with most calcite cements formed under lower temperature (<100?°C) conditions. The δ18O values of the early–middle authigenic calcites are in equilibrium with connate water, and the δ18O values of late calcites are depleted in 18O indicating equilibrium at higher temperatures. The early authigenic calcites precipitated in a relatively open system associated with CO2 from bacterial fermentation at an immature to low-mature stage, and a Ca2+- and alkaline-rich environment owing to hydration–hydrolysis and dissolution of silicate minerals during phase A of eodiagenesis. The middle–late authigenic calcites precipitated in a relatively closed system with CO2 from decarboxylation of organic acids and Ca2+ from dissolution of silicate minerals and transformation of clay minerals during phase B of eodiagenesis to mesodiagenesis. Calcite cements mainly occur in the medium and fine sandstones of sand flats and beach bars. Authigenic calcite dissolution is extremely weak, and calcite cementation is pore-space destructive. 相似文献
18.
碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光特征与其成分有关。笔者用阴极发光与电子探针微区分析法对砂岩中碳酸盐矿物进行测试分析 ,其结果表明碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光与微量元素含量有如下规律 :①碳酸盐矿物在铁含量高于猝灭下限或锰含量低于激活下限时 ,不具有阴极发光性 ;②铁的猝灭下限约为 0 0 4mol,锰的激活下限为小于 7× 10 - 5mol;③铁 /锰比值越高 ,越不利于碳酸盐矿物阴极发光 ;但是铁 /锰比值小于 1的碳酸盐一定具有阴极发光 ;④铁或锰二者之一含量很少时不利于碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光。 相似文献
19.
Despite recent advances, diagenetic processes in fine-grained sediments are still relatively poorly understood. Key questions still to be resolved include the types of diagenetic minerals present in mudstones and the extent of element mobility in these low permeability systems. This study utilizes data from the Haynesville-Bossier Shale, USA, to analyze lithologies, discriminate authigenic phases and identify mobile elements during diagenesis. It has implications for understanding how authigenic minerals develop and the sources of those authigenic minerals in fine-grained sediments. On the basis of grain-size and mineralogy five lithologies are designated: (i) silica-rich argillaceous mudstones; (ii) argillaceous siliceous mudstones; (iii) mixed siliceous mudstones; (iv) mixed mudstones; and (v) authigenically-dominated mudstones. The diagenetic development of the Haynesville-Bossier Shale can be divided into early and late diagenesis. Ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite, framboidal pyrite and bioclast pore-filling kaolinite and calcite grain replacements and cements all formed during early diagenesis. Late diagenetic mineral phases include illite formed by the illitization of smectite, replacive and displacive chlorite, calcite-replacive albite, quartz-replacive calcite and replacive and/or displacive quartz. The presence of extensive late diagenetic mineral precipitates indicates that there was a degree of element mobility on at least the local scale. Aluminium present in albite is most likely to have resulted from the illitization of smectite. Quartz overgrowths probably resulted from illitization and the pressure dissolution at quartz silt grain boundaries. Externally, hydrothermal fluids resulting from regional-scale igneous activity appear to have played a role in the formation of chlorite and possibly albite. The work indicates that extensive mineral development and element mobility occurred during late diagenesis. 相似文献