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1.
《海相油气地质》2018,(4)
甘肃平凉上奥陶统平凉组深水沉积发育。对银洞官庄剖面进行实测,出露地层厚146 m,自下而上分为30个小层,岩性以砂屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩、粉屑灰岩及页岩为主,夹有砾屑灰岩及泥岩等,伴有水平层理、平行层理、交错层理及波状层理等沉积构造,按岩性变化由下到上可划分为3段。在前人研究成果的基础上,通过野外实测、室内薄片鉴定和地球化学分析等综合研究,认为银洞官庄剖面平凉组沉积环境为半深海,主要发育深水原地沉积、等深流沉积、浊流沉积及碎屑流沉积等4种沉积类型。剖面深水原地沉积普遍发育,下部主要发育碎屑流沉积与浊流沉积,向上浊流与等深流相互作用,等深流沉积逐渐增多。根据V含量、Sr含量、87Sr/86Sr、Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、B/Ga、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)、Ceanom及Ce/La等地球化学指标的垂向变化特征对古沉积环境的反演表明:平凉组沉积时期,相对海平面整体呈上升趋势,古气候由湿润向干旱转变,古盐度逐渐增大,沉积环境还原性逐渐增强。对剖面样品(中上部为主)的地球化学参数和沉积类型的统计分析表明,V含量、87Sr/86Sr、Rb/Sr可在一定程度上反映平凉组不同深水沉积类型的差异:古水深较深、古气候较干旱、古盐度较大且还原性较强的沉积环境有利于等深流沉积的形成,古水深较浅有利于重力流沉积的发育,古水深较深、古气候较温湿且古盐度较小则有利于深水原地沉积的发育。 相似文献
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以野外露头资料为基础,对甘肃平凉地区奥陶系平凉组重力流及等深流交互作用沉积进行了研究。研究表明,平凉组以砂屑灰岩及泥岩为主,局部见砾屑灰岩;典型岩相包括水平层理页岩相、块状层理砾屑灰岩相、块状层理砂屑灰岩相、粒序层理砂屑灰岩相及透镜状交错层理砂屑灰岩相等5种类型,相应地分别代表深水原地沉积、碎屑流沉积、浊流沉积和等深流沉积。等深流在从东向西大致平行斜坡的运动过程中,在西部由于秦岭—祁连海槽的限制作用,可能导致能量局部增强。平凉组从下至上,重力流沉积规模逐渐减小,等深流沉积逐渐增加。在相对海平面较低时期,重力流极为活跃,等深流作用较弱;在相对海平面上升时期,重力流能量则减弱,等深流作用逐渐显著。等深流可对早期重力流沉积进行搬运、改造、再沉积,进而形成等深流沉积;相反,早期等深流沉积可能会受到后期重力流沉积的侵蚀、破坏。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组发育石灰岩、泥岩和砂岩,夹放射虫硅岩及凝灰岩,深水原地沉积、重力流沉积及等深流沉积发育。等深流沉积主要为砾屑、砂屑、粉屑、灰泥及粉砂—砂质等深积岩。粉屑等深积岩顶部发育波痕及生物扰动,波痕不对称,迁移方向明显,波长1~5,cm,波高0.2~0.5,cm。等深流沉积具有灰泥等深积岩、粉屑等深积岩、砂屑等深积岩及砾屑等深积岩叠置组成的完整及不完整的细—粗—细沉积层序,厚度几毫米至数厘米。该层序既可由多层叠置而成,也可由单层组成或在相邻泥质纹层或缝合线之间直接出现,并存在向上变粗的逆递变和向上变细的正递变厚度不对称特征。等深流从东向西,大致平行于斜坡运动。平凉组下部发育深水原地沉积和重力流沉积,上部则发育深水原地沉积和等深流沉积。等深流沉积主要受构造运动、相对海平面升降、古地貌、流体能量及运动路径的影响。 相似文献
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湖北松滋下三叠统大冶组主要为一套深水碳酸盐岩,与下伏上二叠统长兴组灰色中厚层状灰岩呈整合接触,它以深水原地沉积为主,夹有深水异地沉积。深水原地沉积以深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩和页岩互层为主,异地沉积以浊流沉积和碎屑流沉积为主。浊流沉积鲍玛层序C、D、E段发育,以粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主;碎屑流沉积以泥晶砾屑灰岩为主。其岩相类型有泥晶灰岩(M1)、泥晶粉屑灰岩(M2)、泥晶砾屑灰岩(M3)、泥页岩(C1),可组合为盆地—盆地边缘相(M1+C1)、下斜坡亚相、上斜坡亚相(M1或M1+M3)、开阔台地相(M1+C1)四种组合。从早三叠世早期到晚期,水体逐渐变浅,但总体表现为深水沉积环境。 相似文献
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结合露头剖面、岩石薄片观察、碳氧同位素及微量元素等资料,综合分析了陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组海相碳酸盐岩沉积时的古水深、古盐度、古温度及氧化还原条件变化规律,以期恢复其沉积环境。研究表明,赵老峪组下部0～12层的δ13C平均值为-0. 95‰、δ18O值为-5. 67‰、Sr/Ba值为80. 31、B/Ga值为7. 93、U/Th值为5. 57、V/Cr值为5. 44,主要是以泥晶灰岩为主的深水原地沉积,其沉积环境总体表现为水体较深、离岸较远、水温较高、盐度较高的贫氧-厌氧环境;上部13～35层δ13C平均值为0. 55‰、δ18O值为-4. 03‰、Sr/Ba值为19. 05、B/Ga值为9. 17、U/Th值为2. 78、V/Cr值为4. 77,主要发育深水原地沉积、重力流沉积和等深流沉积,但深水原地沉积的发育层数相比于下部大大减少,沉积环境逐渐演变为水深相对较浅、水温较低、盐度较低的贫氧-厌氧环境,这一阶段的整体古水深、古温度和古盐度及氧化还原条件相比于0～12层沉积时较稳定,变化幅度较小。结果表明,用地球化学指标研究深水碳酸盐岩沉积时期的海平面变化、古温度、古盐度及氧化还原条件等环境因素也是可行的。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系拉什仲组发育一套砂泥互层的深水重力流沉积,其下部重力流复合水道发育。综合野外实测、薄片和粒度分析等,探讨复合水道沉积特征、形成过程及主控因素,最终建立其沉积模式。结果表明：(1)研究区发育5种岩相和3种岩相组合,即块状层理砾屑灰岩相(Cm)、粒序层理细—粉砂岩相(Sg)、平行层理砂岩相(Sp)、交错层理粉砂岩相(Sc)、水平层理(泥)页岩相(Sh),分别代表碎屑流沉积(Cm)、浊流沉积(Sg, Sp, Sc)及深水原地沉积(Sh);(2)根据复合水道内部单一水道形态、岩相组合及粒度等将复合水道分为4个期次,反映重力流能量由强到弱的变化过程;(3)复合水道多期次发育与相对海平面升降、沉积物供给、构造运动和重力流规模及能量变化密切相关;(4)重力流沉积为斜坡—盆地环境中复合水道沉积模式。该研究可补充对研究区重力流水道认识,为油气勘探提供借鉴。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地白云凹陷荔湾深水区为油气勘探有利区域,通过岩石学和古生物组合特征研究,认为该区珠江组下部属于典型的深水扇沉积,可划分为早期盆地扇和晚期斜坡扇两种类型,两类深水扇都以发育颗粒流、砂质碎屑流及低密度浊流等顺坡重力流沉积为主,同时夹有少量内波和等深流等深水牵引流改造沉积。砂质碎屑流为两类深水扇水道砂体的主要沉积类型,发育有逆-正粒序层理、平行层理和水平层理,粒序层内可见各种丰富的液化变形和生物逃逸构造,而水平层内发育有更多的生物钻孔和扰动现象。两类深水扇的沉积构造和古生物特征有明显差异,其中盆地扇水道砂岩中普遍含硅质小砾石,水道间泥岩中含有较多保存完好的抱球虫化石,斜坡扇水道砂岩以富含炭泥屑为典型特征,水道间泥岩含有更丰富的颗石藻和抱球虫化石,其中部分抱球虫和颗石具有遭受海底溶蚀作用的现象,指示斜坡扇相对盆地扇有更大的水体深度。平面上两类深水扇具有相似的重力流沉积的分带性,都具有自陆架坡折向盆地方向由颗粒流沉积逐渐向砂质碎屑流和近源高密度浊流、远源低密度浊流等单向演化的特点。 相似文献
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通过对柴北缘地区的野外地质调查及室内实验分析,根据地质剖面中发育的岩石组合类型、沉积构造等特征,对研究区早奥陶世台地斜坡盆地相沉积体系进行了详细研究。认为研究区早古生代持续的海平面上升、柴北缘洋陆俯冲及陆弧碰撞是控制该时期盆山格局及沉积充填演化的重要因素。柴北缘早奥陶世台地边缘颗粒滩相发育在多泉山组中下部,岩性以生物碎屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩以及泥晶灰岩为特征。而研究区斜坡相深水物质主要是由重力流搬运的碳酸盐岩再沉积物组成,共识别出包括细粒沉降微晶泥、滑塌角砾岩、颗粒流、瘤状灰岩、碎屑流以及浊积岩等不同类型的斜坡异地沉积物。研究区盆地相处于碳酸盐岩沉积体系岛弧碎屑岩沉积体系两大沉积体系的转换位置。受到柴北缘洋陆俯冲及陆弧碰撞等影响,隆升的陆壳基底及大陆岛弧物质向盆地提供大量碎屑物质,因此在靠近岛弧边缘地区发育了砂质碎屑流、浊流等重力流沉积体系下的弧后盆地沉积产物。 相似文献
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岐山地区上奥陶统平凉组是一套颜色较深的泥岩、粉砂岩、泥质灰岩,夹有薄层斑脱岩的沉积岩系,与上覆和下伏地层在岩石类型、沉积环境和形成的构造背景方面都有明显的差别。研究平凉组的沉积特征,分析其形成环境和构造背景,对于揭示鄂尔多斯盆地晚奥陶世的古地理、古气候、古构造都具有重要的理论意义。通过剖面测制和镜下鉴定,对平凉组的地层学、岩石学和沉积相进行了精细研究。结果表明,平凉组按照岩石组合学特征可以分为3个旋回。第一旋回以泥岩和砂岩为主,灰岩相对较少,沉积作用以浊流沉积和砂质等深流、泥质等深流沉积为主;第二旋回泥岩和灰岩所占比例大致相等,沉积作用为泥质等深流和灰质等深流沉积;第三旋回以砂泥岩为主,少量灰岩,属于砂质等深流为主,少量灰质等深流,浊流沉积不发育。平凉组沉积作用及沉积特征表明,晚奥陶世,华北陆块南缘发生大规模裂陷,结束陆表海沉积,盆地的南部边缘形成大陆斜坡。 相似文献
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综合运用钻井岩心、测录井等资料,通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定和粒度分析等方法,对渤海湾盆地临南洼陷古近系沙三中亚段深水重力流沉积类型及其沉积特征、沉积模式展开研究。研究表明,临南洼陷沙三中亚段深水重力流沉积主要发育滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积3种成因类型。滑塌沉积以包卷层理、液化砂岩脉、阶梯状小断层、变形岩层与未变形岩层叠置为典型特征。碎屑流沉积中砂质碎屑流沉积分布较广,以突变的底部接触面、块状层理、泥岩撕裂屑、土黄色泥砾、突变或不规则的上接触面为典型识别标志。浊流沉积则以正粒序层理、底部冲刷面和槽模、薄层砂泥互层、不完整的鲍马序列为典型识别标志。滑塌沉积主要发育在三角洲前缘斜坡根部,在滑塌沉积前方形成碎屑流沉积,碎屑流向前搬运的过程中,流体被稀释逐渐转化成浊流。滑塌型深水重力流沉积整体分为近源沉积、中部沉积和远源沉积3个部分: 近源沉积主要发育具变形构造的滑塌沉积和厚层块状砂质碎屑流沉积;中部沉积主要发育砂质碎屑流沉积及浊流沉积;远源沉积以薄层浊流沉积为主。 相似文献
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晚三叠-中侏罗世华南陆缘发生多期海侵-海退旋回.元素地球化学特征指示的古盐度高低和古水深深浅记录了海平面的相对升降.华南陆缘存在3个级别的海平面变化.其中, Ⅲ级海平面波动频繁, 由晚三叠世3次波动、早侏罗世4次波动和早、中侏罗世2次波动构成了此间大规模海侵-海退旋回.华南陆缘Ⅰ级海平面相对升降曲线与全球海平面长周期曲线, 在诺利克阶早期-辛涅缪尔阶晚期变化同步, 在辛涅缪尔阶晚期-阿连阶变化相悖.Ⅲ级海平面相对升降曲线与全球海平面短周期曲线, 在瑞替阶-辛涅缪尔阶晚期同发生4次波动, 时间上近乎同步.Sr/Cu值指示的元素迁移与富集反映了气候的温湿与干热.粤中-粤东地区晚三叠-早、中侏罗世经历了温湿-干热-温湿的气候变化. 相似文献
12.
This study utilized three-dimensional exposures to evaluate how sea-level position and palaeotopography control the facies and geometries of heterozoan carbonates. Heterozoan carbonates were deposited on top of a Neogene volcanic substrate characterized by palaeotopographic highs, palaeovalleys, and straits that were formed by subaerial erosion, possibly original volcanic topography, and faults prior to carbonate deposition. The depositional sequence that is the focus of this study (DS1B) consists of 7–10 fining upward cycles that developed in response to relative sea-level fluctuations. A complete cycle has a basal erosion surface overlain by deposits of debrisflows and high-density turbidity currents, which formed during relative sea-level fall. Overlying tractive deposits most likely formed during the lowest relative position of sea level. Overlying these are debrites grading upward to high-density turbidites and low-density turbidites that formed during relative sea-level rise. The tops of the cycles consist of hemipelagic deposits that formed during the highest relative position of sea level. The cycles fine upward because upslope carbonate production decreased as relative sea level rose due to less surface area available for shallow-water carbonate production and partial drowning of substrates. The cycles are dominated by two end-member types of facies associations and stratal geometries that formed in response to fluctuating sea-level position over variable substrate palaeotopography. One end-member is termed ‘flank flow cycle’ because this type of cycle indicates dominant sediment transport down the flanks of palaeovalleys. Those cycles drape the substrate, have more debrites, high-density turbidites and erosion on palaeovalley flanks, and in general, the lithofacies fine down the palaeovalley flanks into the palaeovalley axes. The second end-member is termed ‘axial flow cycle’ because it indicates a dominance of sediment transport down the axes of palaeovalleys. Those cycles are characterized by debrites and high-density turbidites in palaeovalley axes, and lap out of strata against the flanks of palaeovalleys. Where and when an axial flow cycle or flank flow cycle developed appears to be related to the intersection of sea level with areas of gentle or steep substrate slopes, during an overall relative rise in sea level. Results from this study provide a model for similar systems that must combine carbonate principles for sediment production, palaeotopographic controls, and physical principles of sediment remobilization into deep water. 相似文献
13.
东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积环境特征及沉积充填模式 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
沉积盆地中沉积环境特征控制了砂体沉积成因类型及盆地沉积充填模式。通过对东营凹陷丰深2井、官112井及梁120井沙四下亚段泥质沉积物系统取样,进行全岩X衍射分析和常量及微量地球化学元素分析,在此基础上对东营凹陷沙四下亚段古气候和古盐度指标进行分析。结果表明,古气候指标Rb/Sr比值与石英+长石含量、Cr元素含量及P元素含量呈正比,含量增加反映了气候相对潮湿,与古盐度指标碳酸盐+硫酸盐含量呈反比,其含量增加反映了气候相对干旱。东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积时期气候干湿交替频繁,气候潮湿时期相对湖平面上升,湖水盐度降低;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖水盐度升高,使得此时期湖泊呈现为高频振荡性盐湖特征。气候潮湿时期以沉积碎屑沉积物为主,包括冲积扇、浅水型三角洲、滨湖滩坝及近岸水下扇沉积,由于湖水盐度较低,洼陷带主要沉积泥岩、灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩和少量泥质膏岩;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖泊水体盐度升高,洼陷带以沉积膏盐岩为特征,垂向上具有含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的演化序列,平面上表现为由湖泊边缘向湖泊中心发育灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的环带状结构特征。 相似文献
14.
Neil Andrew Wells 《Sedimentary Geology》1983,35(4):263-296
Lake Flagstaff (Paleocene-Eocene of central Utah) owed its existence, large size, shallowness and low clastic content to its tectonic setting, but the climate controlled its mostly autochthonous sediments. During the first and most humid of the three lake phases, the lake was fresh, calcareous, large, and highly productive, with abundant vegetation and snails. The first deposits were limestones with gradually increasing detrital dolomite eroded from lake-marginal carbonate mudflats that were undergoing penecontemporaneous dolomitization. Continuous fluctuation in lake level produced many secondary dewatering and pedogenic-paludine fabrics. The lake developed into a playa lake during the very arid second phase, becoming restricted in area and fauna. The water was saline and alkaline, and twice became a gypsum-precipitating brine. Frequent exposure of the lake beds resulted in much calichification and in rapid and complete dolomitization. Under the intermediate climate of the third phase, the lake reexpanded and freshened, snails returned, and many limestones escaped dolomitization. Each phase defines a member of the Flagstaff Formation.Chert, absent in the oldest beds, increases up-section. The lowest chert forms minor small spheres and linings in voids near the top of the lowest member, suggesting limited silica input and post-dolomitization precipitation in areas of greatest groundwater movement. The base of the middle member contains horizons of atextural chert mudcrack fillings and nodules that appear to have been an inorganically precipitated gel. Most of the middle member, however, contains abundant chert nodules that replaced limestone prior to dolomitization. The nodules grew prior to burial (some even prior to mudcrack formation) by the movement of dissolved silica to areas of relatively low pH. In the upper member, chert is even more prevalent: entire thin beds were pervasively but incompletely silicified prior to dolomitization, probably by vertical evaporative pumping of siliceous groundwater moving under mudflats toward the lake. 相似文献
15.
采用Sr、Sr／Ba、Rb、Rb／K、K＋Na质量分数、K／Na、B／Ga、B元素法、V／Cr、Ni／Co、U／Th、V／（V＋Ni）、铈异常（Ceanom）值、Fe2＋／Fe3＋、Cu／Zn、Sr／Cu、Fe／Mn、Mg／Ca、 Mg／Sr和Al2O3／MgO等微量元素和常量元素等地球化学方法对鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8期沉积环境的古盐度、氧化还原态和古气候进行综合判断。结果表明：古盐度介于2.76‰～14.32‰之间,平均值为8.62‰,显示沉积水介质以淡水—微咸水为主;铈异常（Ceanom）值主要集中在-0.05～0.1之间,整体表现为Ce富集,指示缺氧弱还原的古水体环境;Sr/Cu比值为1.66～9.41,平均值为4.60,环境为温湿气候。纵向上盒8下古盐度高于盒8上,盒8下比盒8上气候略微干旱。平面上研究区南部米脂榆79井—榆28井一带和研究区北部通岗浪沟—什汗水利一带古盐度较大,大于10‰,属半咸水—咸水沉积,相对应地这两个区块古气候比其它区块较为干旱,这一规律和沉积体系在研究区的分布高度吻合。分析认为：盒8期研究区湖岸线分布于南部米脂榆79井—榆28井一带,受湖水和干旱气候的影响,造成古盐度较高;北部通岗浪沟—什汗水利一带发育辫状河沉积,受干燥气候、蒸发环境的影响,古盐度增大。研究区微咸水—半咸水—咸水的沉积环境有利于绿泥石膜胶结发育,也有利于储层的发育。该认识对鄂尔多斯盆地盒8沉积环境研究起到一定的补充作用,同时也对该区盒8段天然气勘探具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2005,41(1-2):119-143
The Middle Triassic–Lower Cretaceous (pre-Late Albian) succession of Arif El-Naga anticline comprises various distinctive facies and environments that are connected with eustatic relative sea-level changes, local/regional tectonism, variable sediment influx and base-level changes. It displays six unconformity-bounded depositional sequences. The Triassic deposits are divided into a lower clastic facies (early Middle Triassic sequence) and an upper carbonate unit (late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences). The early Middle Triassic sequence consists of sandstone with shale/mudstone interbeds that formed under variable regimes, ranging from braided fluvial, lower shoreface to beach foreshore. The marine part of this sequence marks retrogradational and progradational parasequences of transgressive- and highstand systems tract deposits respectively. Deposition has taken place under warm semi-arid climate and a steady supply of clastics. The late Middle- and latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequences are carbonate facies developed on an extensive shallow marine shelf under dry-warm climate. The late Middle Triassic sequence includes retrogradational shallow subtidal oyster rudstone and progradational lower intertidal lime-mudstone parasequences that define the transgressive- and highstand systems tracts respectively. It terminates with upper intertidal oncolitic packstone with bored upper surface. The next latest Middle/early Late Triassic sequence is marked by lime-mudstone, packstone/grainstone and algal stromatolitic bindstone with minor shale/mudstone. These lower intertidal/shallow subtidal deposits of a transgressive-systems tract are followed upward by progradational highstand lower intertidal lime-mudstone deposits. The overlying Jurassic deposits encompass two different sequences. The Lower Jurassic sequence is made up of intercalating lower intertidal lime-mudstone and wave-dominated beach foreshore sandstone which formed during a short period of rising sea-level with a relative increase in clastic supply. The Middle-Upper Jurassic sequence is represented by cycles of cross-bedded sandstone topped with thin mudstone that accumulated by northerly flowing braided-streams accompanying regional uplift of the Arabo–Nubian shield. It is succeeded by another regressive fluvial sequence of Early Cretaceous age due to a major eustatic sea-level fall. The Lower Cretaceous sequence is dominated by sandy braided-river deposits with minor overbank fines and basal debris flow conglomerate. 相似文献
17.
对内蒙古东部中二叠统吴家屯组泥岩进行了微量元素和有机地球化学研究,显示研究区吴家屯组水体的古盐度范围为16.6‰~28.7‰,主要为半咸水沉积。微量元素及其比值可以反映古盐度和古水深的变化,两者受海平面相对变化的影响;且古盐度、海平面相对升降在沉积相上有较好的响应。利用定量计算的古盐度和反映古盐度的Sr/ Ba、B/Ga值等编制了海平面相对变化曲线,显示研究区吴家屯组发生了2次海侵海退旋回,海侵发生在吴家屯组底部和中部。根据沉积相分析,结合地球化学指标V/(V+Ni)值、稀土元素Ceanom及饱和烃气相色谱,表明区内吴家屯组主体为缺氧、还原的浅海陆棚环境,该环境有利于有机质的保存和烃源岩的发育。 相似文献
18.
陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组发育等深流沉积。以实测剖面、岩石光面、薄片资料以及地球化学资料为基础,结合前人研究成果,对赵老峪组等深积岩类型、层序以及等深流沉积发育的影响因素进行了分析。研究认为: (1)赵老峪组发育灰泥等深积岩和粉屑等深积岩2种类型,识别出由单一的灰泥等深积岩以及灰泥等深积岩与粉屑等深积岩组成的2种等深积岩层序;(2)等深流水团温度越低,盐度越高,则等深流强度越大;(3)等深流水团水温由高变低、再变高,盐度由低变高、再变低,可能造成了等深积岩层序由细变粗、再变细;(4)古水深变大、古气候变干热、古盐度变低有利于等深流和等深流沉积的发育。 相似文献
19.
Jrgen A. Bojesen-Koefoed Henrik I. Petersen Finn Surlyk Henrik Vosgerau 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,34(3-4)
The lower-middle Oxfordian Jakobsstigen Formation, Wollaston Forland, northeast Greenland, consists mainly of stacked coarsening-upward successions of offshore to shoreface heteroliths, sandstone and rare foreshore sandstones. The units are separated by thin, laterally extensive sheets of terrigenous carbonaceous mudstones, which have been subjected to organic petrographic and geochemical studies. The mudstones are thermally immature, with maturities corresponding to R0 in the range 0.35–0.50%. The mudstones contain very high proportions of allochthonous inertinite, subordinate huminite, char and negligible proportions of liptinite. Inertinite reflectance distributions are markedly bimodal, with maxima at approximately 1.73 and 4.91% Rm. Both pyrolysis yields and solvent extract yields are low. The distributions of n-alkanes are markedly light-end skewed and show a pronounced predominance of even-numbered compounds in the lower carbon number range. Biomarker-distributions feature a dominance of C29-steranes, slight enhancement of extended hopanes and αββ-steranes, low proportion of tricyclic triterpanes and very low hopane/sterane ratios. Sedimentological, organic petrographical and geochemical evidence suggests that the regular alternation between marine and terrestrial depositional environments during deposition of the Jakobsstigen Formation was related to low-amplitude, high-frequency changes in relative sea-level and local climate. The mudstones were deposited during early rise of relative sea-level in shallow, flat-bottomed lakes or lagoons on a broad coastal plain. The lakes acted as traps for fine elastic sediment and for predominantly windborne inertinite, generated by wildfires in the hinterland. High rates of evaporation rendered the lakes mildly saline, hampering their colonization by vegetation other than cyanobacteria and halophilic microorganisms. Similarly, saline porewaters excluded higher plant vegetation from emergent areas. Upon continued rise of the relative sea-level, the lakes were gradually flooded and their deposits became covered by sandy shallow marine sediments. The larger areas covered by shallow marine waters during periods of high relative sea-level led to a more humid local climate and to lower frequency of wildfires. During falling relative sea-level, the marine deposits were eroded and partially removed and the cycle subsequently repeated upon renewed rise in relative sea-level. Hence, minor changes in relative sea-level gave rise to the regular alternation of two vastly different depositional environments, as well as to marked variations in local climate. 相似文献