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1.
为了研究安尼期罗平生物群产出地层的沉积环境,从云南罗平地区关岭组二段大凹子精测剖面采集50件样品进行了主量、稀土、微量元素分析。分析结果表明,所有灰岩样品的K、Na含量较低,Mg/Ca比值也较低,反映罗平地区在中三叠世安尼期为温暖潮湿的气候条件;Sr/Ba比值(1.22~68.96,平均值为24.35)较高,m值(=100×MgO/Al2O3)为27.22~27400,平均值达到1432,稀土元素较低的Y/Ho比值,表现出平缓或者微弱的LREE亏损,以及与近岸河口沉积物相似的稀土配分曲线特征,指示其属于近岸的碳酸盐台地内部盆地沉积。从剖面底部到顶部,Al、K、V、Ti和P等元素含量以及Co/Ti、Ni/Ti比值具有多个变化旋回,反映海平面升降变化频繁,总体发生了两次较大规模的海平面相对上升活动。所有样品的V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th等元素比值、δU、lg(Ce/Ce*)等参数值都较高,反映沉积水体为相对低能、缺氧的环境。氧化还原敏感元素V、U、Co、Ni、Zn和Cr等呈现出锯齿状曲线特征,表明水体并不完全处于缺氧环境,而是随着海平面周期性升降活动,底部水体表现为间歇性缺氧。结合地球化学及地层学资料,认为中三叠世安尼期罗平地区处于温暖潮湿、还原、低能的离岸较近台内盆地,这一时期海平面升降频繁,底部水体为间歇性缺氧环境。 相似文献
2.
沉积物的元素地球化学特征是对沉积盆地水体环境以及古气候条件变化的响应。本文根据元素（Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、V、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Cd、Li、Mn、Pb、Ti）的含量及其比值（Al/Ti、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ba、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ni/V）的变化，对三水盆地古近系心组红岗段生油层的沉积条件进行了系统分析。心组红岗段下部（亚段A）表现为较稳定的地球化学特征。各元素丰度及其比值指示这一时期陆源输入持续较高、且物源组成变化不大。由于海水入侵的影响，湖盆水体盐度相对较高，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，O2-H2S界面位于水/沉积物界面附近。红岗段中上部（亚段B、C）的元素地球化学特征变化较为频繁且幅度很大，反映古气候和湖盆沉积条件的迅速变迁。在潮湿气候条件下，沉积物的地球化学特征表现为以Al、Ti为代表的外源元素含量及其比值较高，而Mg、Ca等盆内化学沉积元素含量较低。古氧气指标指示底部水体为还原环境，有利于有机质保存。因而，相应于较高的有机碳含量。在间歇性干旱时期，陆源输入减少，外源元素含量及其比值显著降低。随着蒸发作用的加强，水体盐度加大，内源元素丰度以及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca和Na/Ca比值大幅度上升。底部水体为氧化环境，O2-H2S界面多位于水/沉积物界面或沉积物中。上述两种气候条件在红岗段中上部沉积时期交替出现。红岗段沉积后期由于淡水的长期输入，湖水出现逐渐淡化趋势。 相似文献
3.
高寒沼泽湿地是青藏高原重要的水源涵养地,其沉积物是研究过去环境变化的重要载体.在三江源区果洛州（GLS）和青海湖北岸（QHHS）选取典型高寒沼泽湿地作为研究样地,调查其植被群落特征,并根据湿地沉积剖面的光释光年代和孢粉数据,分析湿地的古植被和古环境状况.结果表明：优势种（藏嵩草）在三江源区湿地群落和青海湖流域湿地群落中所占的优势度分别是24.43和14.74;从土壤孢粉信息表现出两个沼泽湿地自发育以来植被优势种以莎草科为主. GLS剖面显示,0～50 cm深和80～140 cm深的孢粉浓度显著高于50～80 cm深处的浓度;20 cm以下的沉积物中,花粉浓度与有机质含量呈正相关趋势,与δ13C呈负相关趋势.高寒沼泽湿地中,孢粉数据能较好地反映植物群落中莎草科的优势地位,与现生植物群落具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
4.
对取自海南岛东部小海潟湖的柱状岩心（XH15-02）开展了年代学(210Pb和AMS 14C)和常量/微量元素分析,在建立可靠年代模型的基础上,探讨了该潟湖沉积物地球化学元素及其比值的环境指示意义,进而揭示近千年来海南地区的气候环境变化历史。研究表明:（1）小海潟湖沉积物地球化学元素比值（Al/Ca、Mg/Ca、K/Ca、Fe/Ca、Ti/Ca）主要反映了近千年来海南地区的降水变化历史,具体表现在中世纪暖期（870～1100AD）海南地区的降水较少,而小冰期降水波动较为明显,总体上较中世纪暖期降水偏多,这可能与近千年来热带辐合带的南北移动以及西太平洋暖池海表温度变化有关;（2）结合史料文献中有关“飓风”、“飚风”等记载,从小海潟湖沉积物地球化学元素及其比值序列中共识别出8次强台风事件,为当前全球变暖背景下我国热带地区台风活动趋势预测提供了参考和科学依据。 相似文献
5.
海洋沉积物中的某些主微量元素与沉积物源区有着密切的联系,它们之间的比值变化受到源区化学风化强度的影响,因此这些元素的比值变化可以反映出海洋沉积物源区古气候的变化。本文研究了南海北部陆坡MD12-3432站位深海氧同位素6期和5期(MIS6/5) 沉积物的主微量元素,发现其表现出良好的气候控制变化特征,K/Ti、Mg/Ti、Al/Ti、Fe/Ti、Co/Ti、Zn/Ti和V/Ti等比值在MIS 5期时较高,而在MIS6期时较低。南海北部的碎屑物质主要来自中国华南地区,沉积物中元素比值的变化表明间冰期时(MIS5)华南地区陆壳化学风化增强,说明该时期华南陆地气候环境温暖湿润,这可能是间冰期时东亚夏季风加强的结果;而冰期时南海北部沉积物源区化学风化减弱,则与此时东亚冬季风较强,华南地区气候干燥寒冷相关。同时,与表层海水生产力相关的Ba/Ti比值在间冰期较高而冰期较低,反映出南海北部在间冰期时表层生产力较高而冰期时相对较低,这可能是由于东亚夏季风增强带来更多降雨,陆地化学风化作用加强,大量营养成分随河流进入南海,导致南海北部表层海水生产力增加。 相似文献
6.
通过分析时间序列的卫片资料、4 m高的露头剖面的沉积学和元素地球化学特征, 研究钱塘江涌潮河段的滩槽冲淤变化规律、涌潮沉积特征和沉积层序.涌潮河段河道宽浅, 受径流与潮流相互作用强烈, 冲淤频繁且剧烈, 滩槽演替存在约20 a的周期, 与流域年代际洪、枯期转变有关.在滩槽叠置的垂向层序中, 底部为河槽、低潮滩相的厚层块状砂质沉积, 发育各种变形沉积构造, 为典型的涌潮沉积; 顶部为高潮滩相的潮汐韵律沉积, 发育典型的潮汐成因的双黏土层、大小潮周期; 二者之间的中潮滩相呈渐变过渡.C-M图和概率累计曲线可较好地区分涌潮沉积与潮成砂、泥质沉积.涌潮沉积层Si/Al、Zr/Al、Ti/Al等元素比值较高, 而潮汐韵律层Fe/Al、Mn/Al等元素比值较高, 这与它们的赋存方式和水动力分异有关.Si、Zr和Ti主要见于石英和重矿物中, 因此在强水动力沉积层中富集; 而Fe、Mn易被黏土矿物吸附, 在水动力较弱的中高潮滩富集. 相似文献
7.
对黔东丹寨南皋剖面和三都渣拉沟剖面前寒武纪-寒武纪转换时期地层进行了系统的微量元素地球化学研究,结果表明:丹寨南皋剖面的Ba、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Li、V、U等过渡元素和亲硫元素在多金属矿层和牛蹄塘组下部的黑色页岩中明显富集;三都剖面在相同层位也明显富集Cu、Pb、Rb、Ti、Ni、V、Th、Li、Cr、Zr、Sc等微量元素。南皋剖面的δU值和V/(Ni V)值表明老堡组硅质岩为正常海水的弱氧化环境下沉积物,而牛蹄塘组黑色页岩表现出缺氧环境的特征。三都渣拉沟剖面的δU值和V/(Ni V)值表明该剖面的还原条件比丹寨南皋剖面强,暗示着水体也较它深,为缺氧环境,其间在老堡组硅质岩中有两个短暂的充氧阶段,进入渣拉沟组缺氧环境较稳定。除丹寨老堡组硅质岩和三都渣拉沟组中上部钙质泥岩U/Th值小于1,表现出水成沉积岩的地球化学特征外,本次研究的两条剖面的其他黑色岩系的U/Th值都大于1,表现出明显的热水沉积岩的地球化学特征。从我们的研究剖面也可看出下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部的Ni-Mo矿多金属的Ni、V等金属的含量是上地壳的9～10倍之高,U高达近百倍,可作地层对比标志层,即梅树村阶的顶界标志。 相似文献
8.
ODP171B次航线1049C号钻孔位于大西洋西北部Blake海台,经纬坐标为30°8.5370'N,76°06.7271'W(Norris等,1998).12X岩芯地层时代为早白垩世Aptian-Albian期,根据岩性特征,整个剖面大致由3种沉积物组成(Norris等,1998):红色粘土(代表白垩纪大洋红层,主要分布于剖面的顶部和底部),黑色页岩层(代表了Aptian-Albian大洋缺氧事件,分布于剖面中部),灰白色白垩(主要分布于黑色页岩和大洋红层之间).本次研究对来自该剖面18件样品作了元素测试.其中主量元素分析采用X荧光法,由中国科学院地球化学研究所完成.微量元素采用ICP-MS分析,由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所完成.由于海相沉积物/岩是陆源组分和海相组分的复杂集合体,而海相组分与海水环境息息相关,数据处理上,采用了Al标准化值(element/Al)和元素富集系数EF元素(EF元素=(element/Al)样品/(element/Al)标准)来去除陆源碎屑输入的影响,以反映元素的富集与亏损(Turgeon和Bmmsack,2006;Brum-sack,2006),标准采用Wedepohl(1971)平均页岩. 相似文献
9.
沼泽湿地重金属元素输入的历史变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究主要目的是判断是否能够通过无尾河下游湿地沉积记录重建重金属输入历史.冬季在向海两处沼泽采集了代表一定范围汇水区与人类活动影响的沉积芯.沉积芯由137Cs、210Pb法定年,由原子吸收光谱法测定重金属,并根据沉积速率和重金属含量计算重金属沉积通量.通过对向海沼泽湿地沉积柱样的重金属元素沉积通量研究,揭示了该沼泽近百年来,特别是近20年来重金属污染物的沉积特征与变化.污染物的沉积通量较沉积物含量更能记录污染历史变化:1980年以后,Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cr和Pb等的人类活动影响产生的输入量已超过自然输入量(1.20～3.67),表明近年来流域内人类扰动的增强;Zn(13.3～14.8)和Pb(11.7～15.2)较高的标准偏差指示其受河流沉积影响而历史变率较大.向海沼泽湿地重金属污染物可分为3个沉积历史阶段,其与流域土地开垦和大型露天煤矿的开发历程具有较好的对应关系. 相似文献
10.
重庆石柱二叠纪栖霞组地球化学特征及其环境意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在对重庆市石柱县二叠纪栖霞组地层野外露头沉积特征研究的基础上,结合室内薄片观察,根据碳酸盐岩样品的元素含量、比值及相关性,探讨了栖霞组沉积地球化学特征与古环境意义.用于古环境分析的10件栖霞组样品SiO2、MgO含量低,且两者具有较好的正相关性,Sr含量高,平均为1 751×10-6,Mn/Sr<0.1,Fe/Sr<1,δ18OPDB>-10‰,表明成岩过程中样品几乎不受硅化及白云岩化作用的影响,未发生化学性质上的改变,可作为古环境分析的可靠对象.栖霞组碳酸盐岩CaO含量高,平均为53.81%,接近纯灰岩的理论化学组成,陆源元素Al2O3、TiO2含量很低,平均值分别为0.17%与0.012%,表明其形成于陆源碎屑影响微弱的稳定古海洋环境.古气候指标MgO/CaO比值极低,平均为0.026,古盐度指标100×(MgO/Al2O3)比值高,平均为1 241,古水深判别指标Sr/Ba、1000×(Sr/Ca)比值高,平均值分别为286和4.54,指示了栖霞组碳酸盐岩为潮湿气候下的陆表海(远岸)沉积.古氧相地球化学指标U/Al、V/Al、Mo/Al、Cr/Al、Co/Al、V/(V+Ni)和U/Th特征一致表明栖霞组碳酸盐岩沉积于贫氧—缺氧环境.垂向上,陆源元素∑(Al2O3+TiO2)含量逐渐降低,古水深指标Sr/Ba、1000×(Sr/Ca)比值逐渐增大,表明栖霞组沉积过程中离岸渐远、陆源供给逐步减少、水体持续加深. 相似文献
11.
Recent sedimentary history of natural environmental change and anthropogenic influence in an ephemeral river catchment has
been reconstructed using selected major and trace elements, element ratios, and their different geochemical phases (Tessier sequential extraction methods), pollen, and grain size combined with 210Pb- and 137Cs-dating method in marsh sedimentary cores. Attempts were made to use selected element ratios with different geochemical
phases—residual phase of Ti, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Rb, K, Sr, and Ba; mobile Sr and Ba—combined with 210Pb- and 137Cs-chronology to interpret certain time information of environmental changes saved within the marsh sediments. Results indicate
that there were two marked humid periods during 1850–1860 ad and 1890–1920 ad, and sand storm activities prevailed during 1920–1930 ad. After about 1900 ad, soil erosion has increased with the extensive agricultural activities in the Huolin River catchments, and further intensified
after 1950s. After 1980, soil erosion has become even more intense, which is consistent with the reinforcement of human activities,
the drastic loss of vegetation cover in the upstream lands, especially, the exploitation of the open cast coalmine in the
upstream of Huolin River at that time. Influenced by the inundation of the Huolin River, the heavy metal pollution historical
trends in Xianghai marsh wetland could be roughly divided into three periods by analysis of sediment enrichment factor (KSEF) and the index of geoaccumulation (I
geo):1760–1880 ad, 1880–1980 ad, and 1980–now. Human activities accelerate the inputs of heavy metal, which leads to degradation of the marsh. This study
also investigated on source of marsh sediments (by Ti/Al), redox condition [by V/Cr and V/(V + Ni)], and salinization indicators
(by Sr/Ba and Rb/K). The results demonstrate that sources of sediments and redox conditions were partly similar for both riparian
and depressional marshes. Besides, some differences in degree of salinization between two types of marsh were also identified,
especially after 1880. 相似文献
12.
长江河流沉积物磁铁矿化学组成及其物源示踪 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用电子探针分析了长江干流和主要支流河漫滩沉积物中磁铁矿的元素组成.磁铁矿中的FeO平均含量稍高于其标准组成,而Fe2O3平均含量则明显低于标准组成;Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Zn等元素在磁铁矿中含量变化大,不同支流的磁铁矿的元素组成不同,同一取样点不同样品磁铁矿的元素组成变化也较大.金沙江、湘江、汉江及长江干流磁铁矿与钛磁铁矿、钛尖晶石、钒钛磁铁矿和铬铁矿等出溶交生,TiO2、Cr2O3和V2O3等元素含量高且变化大.金沙江磁铁矿富Mg、Al和Cr;大渡河、雅砻江和岷江磁铁矿中微量元素含量大多低于0.5%;涪江、汉江磁铁矿富Ti和V,而湘江磁铁矿富Ti和Al;总体上,长江干流上游磁铁矿富Ti,而下游磁铁矿中Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mg和Mn含量低于0.15%.干流磁铁矿的元素组成变化反映主要支流源岩组成及对干流影响程度的差异. 相似文献
13.
Guo-Ping Wang Xiao-Fei Yu Jian Wang Hong-Mei Zhao Kun-Shan Bao Xian-Guo Lu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(1):207-216
The rare earth elements (REEs) in the sediments of the Xianghai wetlands were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.
The REEs accumulation rates in two sedimentation cores derived from the riparian and depressional marshes were determined
by 210Pb method. The results showed that REEs concentrations in the Xianghai wetland sediments (∑REEs, 116 mg kg−1) were lower than the corresponding values in Chinese soils (181 mg kg−1) and river sediments (∑REEs, 158–191 mg kg−1). Under alkaline conditions (with pH, 8.2–10.3), the light REEs were more enriched than the heavy REEs. Cerium is the predominant
element, and accounts for 30–33% of the total REEs. REEs in the depressional marsh sediments were relatively high (∑REEs,
127 vs. 104 mg kg−1), especially light REEs contents. A significantly positive correlation was found between the neighboring elements except
Pr and Dy. The different types of vertical distribution of REEs between the riparian and the depressional marsh can partly
result from long-term differing hydrological regimes. Generally, depressional marsh had accumulated much more REEs than riparian
marsh (the mean accumulation rates of ∑REEs, 102.98 vs. 48.89 μg cm−2 year−1). 相似文献
14.
A sediment core(ABP24/05),collected at a water depth of 3520 m from the southeastern Bay of Bengal was studied to determine the change in chemical weathering during the last glacial to deglacial periods and the factors of sedimentary environment which controlled earliest diagenetic changes in the sediment after its deposition.High ratios of K/Rb,Ti/Al and Zr/Rb during~45 to~18 cal kyr B.P.in the core sediments may be attributed to the stronger physical erosion and turbidity currents activity during this period.This might have brought a higher quantity of unaltered minerals to the study area.Low ratios of K/Rb,Zr/Rb,and Ti/Al and increase of SiO2/TiO2,Rb/Al and Cs/Al from~18 cal kyr B.P.to present may be indicating an increase in the rate of chemical weathering during this period.The time of increased chemical weathering in the study area is consistent with deglaciation warming in the tropical Indian Ocean and strengthening of river runoff into the Andaman Sea.Climate change during the interglacial period by increased solar insolation thereby strengthened the summer monsoon which might have led to intensified chemical weathering in the source region since~18 cal kyr B.P.The low organic carbon(OC),high Mn/Al,Fe/Al and the Mn-oxides minerals precipitation indicate prevailing of oxic conditions during~11 cal kyr B.P.in the core sediments,which is contradictory to suboxic conditions developed in the deep ocean sediments in the western Bay of Bengal and the equatorial Indian Ocean.The low terrigenous influx and export of less OC to the bottom sediments might have created a favorable condition for the formation of Mn-oxides in the study area during Holocene. 相似文献
15.
滨岸-浅海混合沉积对海平面与气候变化的响应--以塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
陆源碎屑-碳酸盐混积作用发生的环境特征尚不明确,导致对混积岩分布规律认识不足。以塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系为例,通过薄片观察、矿物组成分析、主微量元素分析,对沉积环境和古环境特征参数进行了研究。研究区混积岩发育在障壁滨岸、碳酸盐岩局限台地和开阔台地。利用与混积强度相关性极好的Ti、Rb、K和Al的含量,将混积岩定量划分为4级。利用Na/Ca比值、Na含量分析了古盐度特征,Mn/Fe比值和Sr含量分析了古水深,用V/（V+Ni）比值反映了氧化还原条件,并利用Ti/Al,Mg/Sr反映了古气候特征。研究结果表明Ⅱ级以上混积均发生在湿润气候下,而干旱气候无明显混积,并且混合沉积大部分发生在海平面下降阶段。碳酸盐岩开阔台地的混积强度仅达I级,障壁滨岸和碳酸盐岩局限台地的混积强度较高,发育Ⅲ级和IV级高度混积岩。不同沉积环境的混合沉积均对古气候变化与相对海平面变化具有良好的响应,是详细的古环境变化记录。 相似文献
16.
本文对胶州湾沉积岩心B3、C2、C4、B6、D4和D6进行了210^Pb放射活度的测定,在相应的岩层测定了化学元素Ca、K、Li、Mg、Na、Rb、Sr和V。结果表明,^210Pb的分布模式反映了胶州湾不同区域沉积速率和沉积环境。胶州湾沉积岩心中化学元素Ca、K、Li、Mg、Na、Rb、Sr、和V的垂直分布,在不同的区域和不同的地层年代都有明显的变化。胶州湾现在和过去沉积过程中化学元素的聚集速率发生了明显的变化,揭示了采样站位物质来源和沉积环境。反映了近百年来人类工农业活动对胶州湾环境的影响。 相似文献
17.
贵州水城二叠系茅口组含锰岩系地质地球化学特征与锰矿成因分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
贵州水城二叠系茅口组内发现新锰矿。通过对含锰岩系的地质地球化学研究,其富集Zn,Ni,As,Sb,Sr,Ba,Ga,Ag,V,U元素;锰含量较高层位,Th/U比值小于1,锰含量较低层位,Th/U比值往往高达4～5。Co/Ni比值小于1。含锰岩石的(Fe+Mn)/Ti均大于47,高于20,特别是含锰高的岩石,其(Fe+Mn)/Ti值在300以上。含锰岩石的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)均远远低于0.35,一般为小于0.02。稀土配分模式与峨眉山玄武岩相似,∑REE较高,LREE/HREE值偏低等特征。根据锰岩系地球化学和区域构造特征分析,水城二叠系茅口组含锰岩系属于热水喷流沉积的产物。 相似文献
18.
V. T. Safronov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2012,47(3):264-279
The initial normative mineral composition of some metasedimentary rocks (high-alumina crystalline schists, aluminous gneisses,
and eulysites) from the Archean Bol’shoi Cheremshan Group is considered. Based on some data (distribution of data points available
for these rocks in diagnostic diagrams, values of several indicator ratios, and initial rock composition), it is assumed that
examined rocks were partly formed after highly mature sediments (high-alumina crystalline schists and gneisses), while biotite-garnet-andesine
gneisses represent products of graywacke sediments. Elevated concentrations of some indicator elements (Fe, Cr, Ni, V, Zn,
Pb, and others) imply that material in the sedimentation paleobasin was likely derived from provenances composed of variable
lithologies (ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, and acid rocks). It seems that conditions in this paleobasin were favorable
for the development of organic life. It is shown that correlation between some elements (Ti, V vs. Al; Ba, Pb vs. K; Sr vs.
Ca; La vs. Na; and others) typical of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks is also observed in the rocks. The possible contents of
organic matter (Corg) and U in primary sediments of metasedimentary rocks of the Bol’shoi Cheremshan Group in the East European Platform basement
are reconstructed. 相似文献
19.
Stephen H. Watts 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(8):1164-1167
Silcrete is exceedingly uniform in composition, revealing no consistent variations across a large portion of the Australian interior. Analyses of host quartzose sediments suggest that a small increase in Si content, associated with a reduction in Al and H2O, accompanied silcrete formation. Depletion of Fe, Mg, Ca, K and P point to intense leaching in a near-surface environment. Concentration of Ti during silicification is confirmed and attributed to accumulation from within the host sediments. Analyses of porcellanites derived from silicification of kaolinized claystones reflect considerable Si concentration, along with marked depletion of Al and other, more mobile elements. Reducing conditions under a wet climatic regime are postulated during the early phase of silcrete formation. Subsequent climatic change to aridity favoured silcrete development and preservation. 相似文献