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1.
A numerical procedure is presented for the downdrag analysis of group piles which penetrate a consolidating upper soil layer to socket into a firm bearing stratum of finite stiffness. The settlement of the consolidating upper soil layer under a surcharge load is estimated using Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory. Parametric solutions are presented to show the influence of various parameters on the performance of the socketed pile groups in terms of the development of the induced downdrag forces and associated pile head settlements. In general, pile–soil–pile interaction has the beneficial effect of reducing the downdrag forces and settlements of the group piles when compared to the corresponding single pile values, provided that the soil settlements are not so large as to cause full slippage at the interface in all the piles. Reasonable agreement is obtained between the theoretical and experimental results for pile groups subjected to negative skin friction. 相似文献
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Yue Choong Kog 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):1-11
The development of negative skin friction on circular piles in a consolidating layered soil is investigated by an elasto-plastic load transfer theory which accounts for slippage of the soil. The elastic load transfer theory is premised on the compatibility condition that the vertical displacement of the ‘pile’ is equal to the summation of the vertical displacement of the layered soil due to the consolidation of the upper soil layer and the vertical displacement in the ‘soil layers’ along the pile’s centroidal axis caused by a system of pile-soil interactive forces. Slippage of the soil is accounted for by imposing the shear strength of the clay layer as the limit of the pile-soil interface shear stress. The saturated upper clay is consolidating under a uniform surcharge in accordance with Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory. The validity of the proposed solution is confirmed by comparison with field measurements. Extensive parametric studies with regard to the effect of pile-soil slip on pile behaviour are presented. 相似文献
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生石灰和水泥混合处理吹填土的试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
随着中国东南沿海地区经济的迅速发展,土地资源不足的问题显得日益突出,人工吹填造地技术为解决这一问题提供了新的思路。吹填造地关键问题之一是要缩短吹填泥浆的固结的时间,为此在室内进行了沉降柱模拟试验,试图寻找一种在吹填的同时进行加固的方法。在沉降柱试验中发现,用水泥作为添加剂对吹填泥浆进行加固处理,其加固效果不如用水泥和石灰混合材料添加剂的加固效果。通过对两种添加方式的土样进行工程地质性质对比和结构性分析及其他一些物理化学试验结果分析,初步找出了加固效果差异的原因。 相似文献
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基于Fredlund非饱和土一维固结理论,研究了有限厚度的表面透水透气、底面不透水不透气的线弹性和黏弹性非饱和土地基在加荷随时间指数性变化时的一维固结特性。分别得到了两类地基在固结过程中同时考虑液相、气相渗透系数非线性变化和仅考虑液相渗透系数变化两种情况下的半解析解答。利用典型算例进行计算,分析了不同情况下两类地基中超孔隙水、气压力消散以及地基固结度随时间的变化规律,并与不考虑渗透系数变化时的半解析解计算结果进行了对比。结果发现：固结过程中渗透系数呈非线性变化;只考虑液相渗透系数变化时,超孔隙气压力的消散变化不大,超孔隙水压力的消散加快;气相渗透系数变化对超孔隙气的消散产生明显影响,对超孔隙水压力消散影响不大。同时考虑液相和气相渗透系数变化时,土体中超孔隙水、气压力的消散均有明显变化,土体固结速度也相应加快;分析结果对非饱和土固结的进一步研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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固结与流变特性及其参数取值研究是软基上结构物长期沉降课题的重要组成部分。针对宁波轨道交通工程的两个典型土层,开展了基于GDS固结仪的流变固结试验,获得了土样的主固结与次固结性状参数。采用Gibson三元件流变模型结合Matlab软件的拟合功能,得到了土样的三元件流变模型参数。通过对试验结果进行分析总结,发现宁波软土的次固结过程表现出较明显的非线性。次固结系数Ca与压缩指数Cc近似符合 Ca/Cc=0.02±0.01。宁波软土的一维流变过程符合Gibson三元件流变模型规律,且其模量参数和黏滞系数均随固结压力的增大而增大。 相似文献
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The 1D consolidation of unsaturated multi-layered soil is studied based on the theory proposed by Fredlund and Hasan, and an analytical solution for a typical boundary condition is obtained by assuming all material parameters remain constant during consolidation. In the derivation of the analytical solution, the eigenfunction and eigenvalue for the multi-layered problem are first derived through the transfer matrix method. Then, by using the method of undetermined coefficients and the orthogonal relation of the eigenfunction, the analytical solution is obtained. The present method is applicable to various types of boundary conditions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to investigate the consolidation behavior of unsaturated multi-layered soil. 相似文献
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Many pieces of evidence have confirmed that the seepage in fine-grained soils can deviate from traditional Darcy's law that contributes to the consolidation theory. In this paper, a numerical model, referred to as consolidation with non-Darcian flow 2 (CNDF2), is developed for the 1D large strain consolidation of a saturated porous medium with the non-Darcian flow. The algorithm accounts for vertical strain, general constitutive relationships, the relative velocity of the fluid and solid phases, variable compressibility and permeability relation during consolidation, time-dependent loading, and unload/reload effects. Compared with the CS2 model proposed in previous studies, some parts of the CNDF2 model are modified in order to adapt to the non-Darcian flow, especially the equivalent series hydraulic conductivity and fluid flow. The verification examples of the CNDF2 model demonstrate excellent accuracy for both small strain and large strain consolidation. According to the applicable conditions of non-Darcian flow law, the CNDF2 model is most suitable for the fine-grained soil. The development of CNDF2 is first presented, followed by examples to analyze the influences of the non-Darcian flow on the consolidation behavior. 相似文献
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双层黏弹性地基一维固结分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
软土具有黏滞性,对其固结和变形会产生一定程度的影响。采用现有基于广义Voigt流变模型的单层黏弹性地基一维固结问题求解方法,获得各土层的孔压通解表达式。根据两层土体接触面处孔压和流量连续条件及边界条件,给出了系统的正交关系,进而确定通解中待定系数。广义Voigt模型反映了土体应力应变关系在不同时期的特征,因此该解有广泛的适用性。采用岩土工程中应用较广的Merchant流变模型对一工程算例进行了分析。分析结果表明,土体的黏滞性降低了土体的固结速度,且深度越深,影响幅度越大。 相似文献
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超载预压法是处理软土地基的一种有效的方法,其处理效果可以从工后沉降（后续变形）得到反映,而工后沉降与超载预压的超载比及卸载时地基达到的平均固结度有关。对于超载卸除前地基应达到的平均固结度（即卸载控制问题）,目前还缺乏简单有效的计算模型。从超载预压的原理出发,基于 曲线,提出了考虑土体骨架非线性弹塑性应力-应变关系的二元件固结模型,给出了该模型的固结微分方程,并用差分法进行了求解,与传统卸载控制理论相比显示出了较理想的结果。同时,基于该模型讨论了渗透系数和土骨架的弹塑性应变的比例对卸载控制的影响。 相似文献
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Laboratory consolidation of structured clayey soils is analysed in this paper. The research is carried out by two different methods. The first one treats the soil as an isotropic homogeneous equivalent Double Porosity (DP) medium. The second method rests on the extensive application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to combinations of different soils, composing 2D or fully 3D ordered structured media that schematically discretize the complex material. Two reference problems, representing typical situations of 1D laboratory consolidation of structured soils, are considered. For each problem, solution is obtained through integration of the equations governing the consolidation of the DP medium as well as via FEM applied to the ordered schemes composed of different materials. The presence of conventional experimental devices to ensure the drainage of the sample is taken into account through appropriate boundary conditions. Comparison of FEM results with theoretical results clearly points out the ability of the DP model to represent consolidation processes of structurally complex soils. Limits of applicability of the DP model may arise when the rate of fluid exchange between the two porous systems is represented through oversimplified relations. Results of computations, obtained having assigned reasonable values to the meso‐structural and to the experimental apparatus parameters, point out that a partially efficient drainage apparatus strongly influences the distribution along the sample and the time evolution of the interstitial water pressure acting in both systems of pores. Data of consolidation tests in a Rowe's cell on samples of artificially fissured clays reported in the literature are compared with the analytical and numerical results showing a significant agreement. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A numerical method is developed in this paper for the analysis of the behaviour of a raft resting on a consolidating soil. The response of the raft under an applied loading is determined using the finite layer method for the soil and the finite element method for the raft. By considering deflection compatibility on the contact surface, the distribution of contact pressure is computed at various time steps. The settlement and bending moment in the raft is then evaluated by applying the calculated contact pressure back to the raft. It is shown that, in some cases, the maximum moment in the raft occurs during consolidation and that checking the final moment in the raft by use of elastic theory may not be sufficient. 相似文献
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This paper presents finite element analyses of negative skin friction on a single pile under various conditions. Negative skin friction is a common problem if a pile is designed in a highly compressible soil. There are two most important parameters in estimating the load caused by negative skin friction: (1) the distribution and magnitude of skin friction and (2) the location of the neutral plane. The neutral plane is the location where the pile and soil settle the same amount or have no relative displacement. Negative skin friction is a very complex phenomenon influenced by many factors. In this paper, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model is built in the finite element program, ABAQUS. The model is first verified with a known case history. A systematic parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence on both the neutral plane and the magnitude and distribution of negative skin friction along the pile length of various influencing factors, including the consolidation time, the properties of pile/soil interface, the lateral earth pressure coefficient, pile-soil limiting displacement, the intensity of surcharge, and soil stiffness. Based on the analyses, it is found that the location of the neutral plane is significantly influenced by the consolidation time and the stiffness of bearing layer. The distribution and magnitude of negative skin friction is influenced mainly by the pile/soil interface, soil compressibility, and the surcharge intensity. Based on the field measurements from literature and this investigation, a simple design procedure is proposed for estimating the pile load caused by negative skin friction. 相似文献
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Guo-Xiong Mei Jian-Hua Yin Jin-Min Zai Zong-Ze Yin Xiao-Li Ding Guo-Fu Zhu Lok Man Chu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(2):111-129
This paper presents a finite layer procedure for Biot's consolidation analysis of layered soils using a cross-anisotropic elastic constitutive model. The program is first verified using published results. Then, using this program, the influences of cross-anisotropy on the immediate settlement, the final settlement, and the consolidation behaviour are investigated by changing one model parameter at one time. The results obtained using the cross-anisotropic elastic model are compared with results using an isotropic elastic model. It is found that the cross-anisotropy has very large influences on the immediate settlement, the final settlement, and the consolidation behaviour. Curves or tables of the immediate settlement coefficients, the final settlement coefficients, and the average degree of consolidation are obtained and presented in the paper. These curves or tables can be easily used to estimate the immediate settlement, the final settlement, and the consolidation settlement of a cross-anisotropic soil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A theoretical formulation and a numerical solution method are proposed for the problem of the time dependent consolidation of an elasto-plastic soil subject to finite deformations. The soil is assumed to be a two-phase material with a skeleton which may yield according to a general yield criterion with plastic flow governed by a general flow law, and whose pore fluid flows according to Darcy's Law. Governing equations are cast in a rate form and constitutive laws are expressed in a frame indifferent manner. The method of analysis is illustrated by several examples of practical interest for both a soil with an elastic skeleton and a soil with an elasto-plastic skeleton which obeys a Morh–Coulomb yield criterion and a non-associated flow law. 相似文献
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This paper presents an exact analytical solution to fully coupled axisymmetric consolidation of a semi‐infinite, transversely isotropic saturated soil subjected to a uniform circular loading at the ground surface. The analysis is under the framework of Biot's general theory of consolidation. First, the governing equations of consolidation are transformed into a set of equivalent partial differential equations with the introduction of two auxiliary variables. These partial differential equations are then solved using Hankel–Laplace integral transforms. Once solutions in the transformed domain have been obtained, the actual solutions in the physical domain for displacements and stress components of the solid matrix, pore‐water pressure and fluid discharge can be finally obtained by direct numerical inversion. The accuracy of the numerical solutions developed is confirmed by comparison with an existing exact solution for an isotropic and saturated soil that is a special case of the more general problem addressed. Numerical analyses are also presented to investigate the influence of the degree of material anisotropy on the consolidation settlement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Stability of an embankment constructed on soft consolidating soil improved with pre-fabricated vertical drains is investigated. The factor of safety of the embankment is obtained at various time intervals from the end of construction till the end of consolidation in order to check the embankment stability. Finite element method is used to obtain the effective stresses at required points in soil at various time intervals. Critical slip surface is obtained using two methods. In the first method, the critical slip surface is assumed as an arc of a circle selected among various probable slip circles with minimum factor of safety whereas, in the second method, a random walking type Monte Carlo technique is used to predict the critical slip surface. The effects of providing vertical drains on stability of an embankment is investigated by comparing the factor of safety of slope with vertical drains to the factor of safety of slope without vertical drains. It is concluded from the study that the installation of vertical drains enhances the factor of safety of the embankment from the end of construction till the end of consolidation. 相似文献
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Negative skin friction (NSF) along a pile caused by soil consolidation is of great concern to engineers. The development of NSF is time-dependent because soil consolidation is also time-dependent. In this paper, a numerical solution is provided for the development of negative skin friction of a pile in nonlinear consolidated soil under different loads on a pile top. A hyperbolic interface model is also developed. This model considers the development of shear strength during soil consolidation and loading–unloading scenarios at the pile–soil interface. One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation theory is invoked to estimate the soil settlement and shear strength. The distributions of NSF and the axial force along the pile are obtained using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The influences of soil consolidation and different pile loads on the negative skin friction of a pile are discussed. 相似文献
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利用强夯模拟试验研究饱和砂土强夯动本构关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
饱和土是孔隙中充满水的松散介质, 在强夯冲击荷载作用下的变形是非线性变形, 因此, 饱和土强夯动本构关系有其特殊性。本文利用具有 90年代先进水平高精度、高灵敏度的MTS810土动三轴仪对强夯加固饱和土地基进行了全面、系统的模拟试验, 试验按模型比设计, 试验条件与实际土体工况符合, 通过多组不同条件的组合试验, 获得了大量强夯数据, 在此基础上结合强夯现场试验对强夯过程中各种变量的变化过程及其相互关系进行了分析研究, 推导出强夯冲击荷载作下饱和土的动本构关系, 对强夯作用下土体动本构关系问题作出了有益的探索。 相似文献