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1.
本文在简要阐明了环境矿物材料对污染物的净化机理与净化功能的基础上,明确了环境矿物材料的应用领域,重点展望了在土壤重金属污染防治、地表水和地下水水质改善及燃煤固硫除尘等三类状态污染控制与环境保护领域中应用的前景。认为经济、简便、有效地用于污染治理与环境修复的无机界矿物学方法类似于有机界生物学方法,均是自然界地球系统中天然自净化作用的反映。 相似文献
2.
锰的氧化物和氢氧化物在污染水体净化中的应用研究现状 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
经过对锰的氧化物和氢氧化物在净化污染水体中的应用综合研究，发现该氧化物和氢氧化物样品能有效去除污染水体中的有毒有害金属离子和 氧化降解苯酚、2－丙醇、苯及印染废水等有机物，其污染净化能力主要是基于表面络合反应、表面离子交换作用和变价元素的氧化还原作用。同时介绍了锰氧化物和氢氧化物所具有的4个环境属性；离子交换、氧化还原、粒径效应和孔道效应，提出将结构特征与环境化学有机结合，深入探讨其环境属性与污染净化能力之间的关系是目前主要的研究方向。 相似文献
3.
环境矿物材料在土壤,水体,大气污染治理中的应用 总被引：39，自引：11，他引：28
本语文在简要阐明了环境矿物材料对污染和净化机理与净化功能的基础上,明确了环境矿物材料的领域,重点展望了在土壤重金属污染防治、地表水和地下水水质改善及燃煤固硫除尘等三类状态污染控制与环境保护领域中应用的前景。认为经济、简便、有效地用于污染治理与环境修复的无机界矿物学方法类似于有机界这方法,均是自然界地球系统中天然自净化作用的反映。 相似文献
4.
随着工业化进程的加快,水土重金属污染事件逐渐增多,对其治理与修复成为当前的迫切工作。冻结技术在治理修复污染水土时,其修复过程只向地层输入“冷量”,属于绿色修复技术,无二次污染风险,受到越来越多的关注。详细总结了冻结技术的修复机理,及其在污水、污泥、重金属污染土壤治理修复中的应用现状和最新研究进展。冻结修复机理是通过冰的自净作用和固-液相平衡原理来实现污染物的定向驱赶和富集,而黏性土壤颗粒的吸附和阻滞作用使单一技术对重金属污染土壤的修复难度增大,其他修复手段与冻结技术联合处理成为一种新的思路。利用冻结土体的低渗透性,还可有效降低污染物的迁移速度,封闭不同种类污染物,形成阻隔污染物扩散的冻结屏障。冻结修复技术在水土重金属污染净化及修复领域具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
5.
被污染土壤的植物修复研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定、泵吸等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术.植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义.已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果.现代分子生物学、基因工程技术发展有可能使植物修复技术取得重大突破. 相似文献
6.
我国是全球最大的水稻生产国和消费国,部分地区稻田土壤重金属污染严重,威胁粮食安全和人体健康。目前稻田土壤重金属复合污染是我国土壤污染治理的重点和难点。Fe在地壳中分布广泛,居元素分布序列的第四位,是土壤中的高活性元素,参与多种重金属的地球化学过程。文章针对Fe氧化物对重金属的作用机制、土壤中Fe的生物化学过程、稻田系统中Fe对重金属吸收转运的影响,以及Fe相关材料在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用等方面进行总结。结果显示：(1)土壤中Fe氧化物主要通过吸附/络合/沉淀作用固定重金属,或通过氧化还原作用降低重金属的毒性和有效性;(2)土壤环境的变化容易引起Fe氧化物的还原溶解/氧化沉淀,以及微生物介导的Fe(III)还原和Fe(II)氧化等过程;(3)稻田环境变化关系到土壤中Fe氧化物的形态转化、水稻根表铁膜的形成与成矿过程、水稻对Fe的吸收转运等,从而影响重金属在土壤-水稻中的运移;(4)Fe相关材料对土壤单一重金属污染修复效率高,但尚未在重金属复合污染土壤修复中大面积应用。同时,对我国当前Fe相关材料在稻田重金属复合污染修复应用中存在的问题进行思考,对今后的研究方向进行展望,以期为稻田重金... 相似文献
7.
随着富含铊矿床的开发利用，已引起一系列铊环境污染问题，如水体和土壤铊的污染，人畜慢性铊中毒等，铊已经成为土壤中一个潜在的污染元素。铊是一种典型剧毒元素，对哺乳动物的毒性远大于Hg、Pb、As等，曾有多起职业性铊中毒及环境污染造成的铊中毒事件报道，近年来土壤中铊污染开始得到重视。已有研究表明云浮硫铁矿在开发利用过程中铊进入环境的现象十分明显，铊将成为未来环境中的“化学定时炸弹”源，具有很大的环境隐患。国内外学者利用标志性元素如S、C、Sr、Pb等示踪环境中污染物质的不同来源， 相似文献
8.
生活垃圾对环境的污染，主要表现为垃圾渗滤液对地面水、地下水、土壤等的污染。其污染评价涉及污染物指标、污染物标准值的确定和计算模式的建立等内容。本文在总结现行环境指数评价法的基础上，探讨性地提出一套将基于生活垃圾填埋场环境监测技术标准(CJJ／T3037—95)中涉及地面水、地下水、土壤等的相关监测项和垃圾中的其他常见重要污染物，一并确定出的污染评价指标，再根据相关有毒物急性毒性分级，结合阈限值和部分浸出毒性鉴别标准值等分为5类污染指标。并在污染物的标准值确定后，进行对应于5类污染物的不同数学模式计算，得到5个分类污染指数，再比较判别这5个分类污染指数，选出最大者作为总污染指数的组合型评价垃圾污染的方法。经实例应用分析，该方法对各种污染物数据分布情况的适宜性优于现行其他常用方法。 相似文献
9.
天然铁锰氧化物及氢氧化物环境矿物学研究 总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37
带有表面电荷及含有变价元素的天然铁锰氧化物及氢氧化物具有良好的表面吸附与氧化还原等化学活性。在不同介质条件下 ,它们能不同程度地表现出对Cr6+,Pb2 +,Hg2 +,Cd2 +,As3 +,Cu2 +,Zn2 +,Co2 +,Ni2 +等重金属离子有吸附作用和对NO-3 ,PO3 -4 ,F-,S2 -等阴离子有吸附作用与氧化作用 ,并对苯酚、乙烷、乙烯、合成有机酸等有机物具有吸附和转化降解作用 ,还对CO2 ,NOx 和SO2 等具有分解转化作用。利用这些矿物的环境属性治理水体、土壤及大气污染的方法 ,具有成本低、效果好、无二次污染及有用金属可回收利用等优点 ,展现出广阔的环境矿物学研究与应用前景。 相似文献
10.
菌根真菌对土壤中有机污染物的修复研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
菌根真菌是真菌与植物之间特殊的联合共生体，利用菌根真菌修复土壤，尤其是修复有机污染物污染的土壤，正成为一个崭新的研究方向。菌根真菌是土壤真菌的一种，但与土壤中放线菌和细菌等微生物相比，其对土壤中有机污染物具有更大的忍耐能力，并且能利用土壤中大多数持久性有机污染物作为碳源来获取能量。综述了近20年菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物降解研究，讨论了菌根真菌降解土壤有机污染物的可能机制，并探讨了从引入固氮菌、外源细菌两个方面对菌根调控以提高修复效果的可能性，为进一步研究菌根真菌生物降解土壤中持久性有机污染物、利用菌根植物修复有机污染土壤提供信息。 相似文献
11.
Daniel G. Strawn Patrick Hickey Andrew Knudsen Leslie Baker 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):109-122
To remediate Pb contaminated soils it is proposed that phosphorus can be amended to the soils to transform the Pb into poorly
soluble Pb-phosphate mineral phases. However, remediation strategies must account for variable Pb speciation and site-specific
factors. In this study soil mineralogy and Pb speciation in soils from P-amended field trials at sites within the Coeur d’Alene
River Basin in Idaho, USA were investigated. The soils are contaminated from mining activities and are enriched with Fe and
Mn. Selective extraction of the soils indicated that the Fe oxides are poorly crystalline. XRD of the soil clay size fractions
identified quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, siderite, lepidocrocite, and chlorite minerals. Amendment with P fertilizer dissolved
the siderite. No Pb–phosphate minerals were detected by XRD. Electron microprobe analysis showed direct correlations between
Pb, Fe, and Mn in the unamended soils, and negative correlations between Pb and Si. Lead and Mn were strongly correlated.
In the amended soils Fe and P were strongly correlated. Results indicate that the Pb is associated with poorly crystalline
Fe and Mn oxides, and that added P is primarily associated with Fe oxide phases. Comparisons of pore water Pb concentrations
with chloropyromorphite and plumbogummite solubility suggest that in the phosphate-amended soils the pore waters are undersaturated
in these phases, whereas several of the control soil pore waters were oversaturated, indicating the added phosphate suppressed
the Pb solubility. Results from this research provide insight into the geochemistry occurring in the P-remediated soils that
will help in making management and remediation decisions. 相似文献
12.
Sang Yong Chung Venkatramanan Senapathi Kye Hyun Park Joo Hyeong Son Selvam Sekar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(24):769
Ulsan mine produced the iron ore minerals of magnetite, arsenopyrite, and scheelite in 1992, and serpentine was developed from 1977 to 2002. The soils of the mine were contaminated by heavy metals such as As, Zn, Ni, and Cd. Heavy metals of Ni and Zn came mostly from serpentinite, and As was derived mainly from arsenopyrite in the scan-type iron ore body. As, Zn, and Ni were major contaminants, but Cd was a minor contaminant on a basis of Korean standard. The heavy metals in the deep depth (>?5 m) came from the host rocks, and those in the shallow depth (<?5 m) were derived from the organic–mineral complexation soil. The remediation plan was a soil washing for highly contaminated soils and the containment of clay materials for less contaminated soils. Even though the remediation methods were successful, the continuous monitoring and the analysis of monitoring data are still necessary for the conservation of soil and groundwater around the study area. 相似文献
13.
以四川省成都平原区农田生态系统水稻土剖面为例,探讨了Cd分配系数及其影响因素。结果表明:Cd分配系数(Kd)在污染土壤环境和本底土壤环境中是不同的,在剖面PM-3、PM-6和PM-8剖面中污染环境中分配系数(Kd)大于本底环境中的分配系数,而在剖面PM-7中,本底环境中的分配系数(Kd)大于污染环境中的值。在污染环境Cd分配系数受土壤pH值、交换性Mg和铁硅氧化物的影响比较大,而在非污染环境中分配系数受到土壤可溶性Al、Cd全量和铁锰铝氧化物的影响较大。这些土壤的物化性质对分配系数造成影响,使得土壤滤渣和土壤原土中Cd形态含量存在差异。 相似文献
14.
Nowadays, the Fe-C coprecipitate mechanism is recognized by more and more scholars and becomes the hot topic in the environmental science. On the basis of discussing the interaction between iron oxide and organic matter, and the adsorption research progress of Fe-C complexes on heavy metals, the immobilization potential of Fe-C complexes on heavy metals in polluted soil were illustrated. The surface properties and physical characterizations of iron oxide are changed regularly with the interaction of organic matter, which lead to the higher adsorption capacity of Fe-C complexes in contrast to single iron oxide. Besides, the influences of pH values, organic matter types and surface properties of iron oxides on the adsorption capacity of Fe-C complexes on heavy metals were discussed. The excellent adsorption performance of Fe-C complexes in certain conditions will provide important theoretical basis for contaminated soil remediation. 相似文献
15.
《地球科学进展》2015,30(12):1295
The interaction between ions and soil particles plays an important role in the mobilization and bioavailability of ions in soils, which is one of the main research areas of soil chemistry. The new method based on suspension Wien effect has been developed recently to determine the binding energy and adsorption energy between ions and soil particles. Compared with other methods on the basis of adsorption isotherm or ions activity, Wien effect method has more advantages including convenience and direct measurement. The term suspension Wien effect refers to the increase of electrical conductivity of suspension with increasing applied electrical field. In this review paper, we introduced the fundamentals of suspension Wien effect, the apparatus about the Wien effect measurement, and along with demonstrating their application to quantifying the particles-ions interactions for several systems of soils. Our studies indicated that divalent cations have larger binding energies and adsorption energies on soil particles than monovalent because of the electrostatic interaction. However, few studies about the interaction between Cr3+ and La3+ on soil particles showed that the binding energy and adsorption energy of trivalent cations are lower than those of divalent cations because of hydrolysis. Soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and iron oxides significantly affected the binding energy and adsorption energy of ions. Our results deepened our understanding about the non specific adsorption of ions in soil chemistry, and enlarged the research area of soil chemistry in fundamental and methodology. 相似文献
16.
Nowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behaviour in aquatic sediments and soils and to estimate their transfer. The fate of metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several models to study metal ion speciation in different environmental systems. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnan (organic matter and manganese oxides) and cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals with iron and manganese oxides and part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after a validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to test sites corresponding to one soil and two riverine environments.These new models give good predictions of the behaviour of major and trace metal ions even in heterogeneous systems characteristic of natural environment. The measured free metal concentrations in the solution are in agreement with those obtained from model calculations. In the case of the soil test site, the soil solution composition and speciation are predicted using the soil major constituents characteristics. 相似文献
17.
A careful selection of waste dumpsites, particularly hazardous ones, is very important for sustainable water resources management. Several laboratory experiments were carried out on the field samples to study adsorption capacity using p-dichlorobenzene (a solvent used in various industrial processes) as the test contaminant. The effect of parameters such as organic matter, clay, and iron and aluminium oxides, which are known to influence the soil adsorption capacity, are studied in the present work. Several soil samples from the Patancheru Industrial Area (Hyderabad, India) were collected and characterized. Only three soils, which had a comparatively high percentage of organic matter, clay, iron and aluminium oxide contents were used for the adsorption studies. The results clearly indicated a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the soils by as much as 75% when organic matter was removed. The other parameters such as clay and iron and aluminium oxides also play an important role in adsorption (57 and 39.8% reduction respectively). It was observed that out of the selected factors organic matter in the soils has the maximum effect regarding the adsorption of p-dichlorobenzene. Since the selected soils contain comparatively more organic matter, clay and iron and aluminium oxides in the selected industrial area, these can be used as sites for dumping hazardous waste, which can be further treated by methods like bioremediation. 相似文献
18.
污染物的固化/安定化处理的种类和研究应用现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝俊康 《地质灾害与环境保护》2005,16(3):281-286
污染物的固化／安定化技术处理可归纳为6大类,即基于水泥的固化技术、基于石灰的固化技术、矿物吸附技术、热固技术、热塑技术和玻璃化技术等。其中有机聚合物固化剂（热固、热塑材料）一般用于处理固态有机污染物;玻璃化技术一般用于处理污染土、城市垃圾焚烧物和放射性物质。因无机胶结剂操作方便、成本低、能处理的无机污染物范围很广,因此使用频率较高（90％以上）,而有机胶结剂固化技术和废物玻璃化处理技术成本高,仅被用于特殊污染物的处理。 相似文献
19.
为了考察铁锰氧化物对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力,采用天然以及合成的铁锰氧化物对苯酚的氧化降解进行对比实验研究。土壤中铁锰氧化物样品分别为天然针铁矿及氧化锰,合成铁锰氧化物样品分别为合成针铁矿及软锰矿。结果表明：苯酚与铁锰氧化物发生氧化还原作用时,还可能与土壤中杂质发生吸附等作用;铁锰氧化物还原反应强度随着反应介质pH值的升高而迅速下降;可用零级反应动力学方程拟合铁氧化物还原溶解反应,针铁矿溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈负相关关系;天然针铁矿对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力明显高于合成针铁矿,pH值对天然针铁矿溶解反应影响较大;可用一级指数衰减方程拟合锰氧化物还原溶解反应,锰氧化物溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈指数衰减关系;pH值对软锰矿还原溶解反应的影响大于对土壤中氧化锰的影响,pH值越小,影响越显著;对比pH值对铁和锰还原作用的影响发现,在pH=6.5时,锰氧化物仍有较强的氧化性能。 相似文献
20.
CHEN Xiaoye LU Xiancai LIU Huan LI Juan XIANG Wanli ZHANG Rui LU Jianjun 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1276-1285
The formation of manganese oxides in nature is commonly mediated by microorganisms.In this study,the mineralization of biogenic manganese oxidation mediated by Pseudomanas putida has been experimentally investigated by employing various characterization techniques,including SEM,FESEM,TEM,XRD,and STXM-NEXAFS.The results indicate that Mn~(2+) ions can be oxidized into Mn(Ⅳ) minerals(birnessite and pyrolusite) and Mn(Ⅲ) minerals(hausmannite and feitknechtite),successively.The primary products(birnessite and pyrolusite) further transformed into hausmannite and feitknechtite under Mn~(2+) ion-enriched conditions.However,birnessite and pyrolusite are the endproducts of the continuous microbial oxidation processes.These biogenic Mn oxides are poorly crystallized,which provides them with a high potential for usage in environmental restoration of contaminated soils and waters contaminated with heavy metals.The approaches employed in this study will also enrich genesis research of biological oxidation of Mn(Ⅱ) species in nature. 相似文献