共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
成都金堂李家梁子M23号墓出土的汉朝石棺存在表面粉化、剥落等病害现象,急需保护修复。现场调查表明,该石质文物风化病害主要表现为裂隙状风化、页片状风化、粒状风化、粉末状风化等。本文借助X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等对金堂石质文物进行了微观成分及结构分析。结果表明,文物材质为红色砂岩,其碎屑物主要为石英、钠长石、岩屑和少量云母,胶结物以钙质为主,含少量的炭质及泥质。该砂岩产生风化病害的主要原因是钙质胶结物的溶解流失及泥质胶结物遇水的崩解,同时还受岩屑、长石类碎屑风化蚀变的影响。该研究可为石棺的后期保护修复工作提供基础科学数据。 相似文献
2.
岩石的长期风化作用会造成岩石表面的剥落,这将导致石质文物产生无可挽回的破坏。为了更好地保护它们,需要开展在相同风化环境下岩石风化剥落深度和相对风化速度及其与不同岩性关系的研究。本文以衢州古城墙通仙门的多块岩石砌块为研究对象,利用自制的测量仪器,对不同岩性岩石砌块风化剥落深度和风化速度进行了研究; 通过分析量测结果得出凝灰岩、砂岩、砾岩、含砾砂岩和粉砂岩相对灰岩的风化速度分别为0.005～0.059mm a-1、0.032～0.097mm a-1、0.004～0.058mm a-1、0.021～0.033mm a-1 和0.015mm a-1。研究结果表明:在相同的风化环境之中不同岩石砌块的风化速度从大到小排序为V砂岩V凝灰岩V含砾砂岩 V砾岩V粉砂岩V灰岩,即岩石抗风化能力从强到弱为:灰岩粉砂岩砾岩含砾砂岩凝灰岩砂岩。由此,为石质文物的长期保护以及制定相关的保护措施提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
忠县地面石质文物风化病害形式有：裂隙状风化、页片状风化、絮粉状风化、松胀状风化。其中以絮粉状风化对文物破坏最为严重。控制风化的主要因素是：岩性和岩体结构、气候和气象条件、人为的污染。现场简易强度测试数据表明，风化石材的力学强度明显下降。最后提出了三峡水库蓄水前，对石质文物搬迁和保护的建议。参加研究工作的还有王金华、陈超平、唐毅烈、邓修甫、卞大巍、黄明元等人。表１３处文物概况Ｔａｂｌｅ１ＳｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｓｔｏｎｅｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｒｅｌｉｃｓｉｎＺｈｏｎｇｘｉａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ表２石材的化学成分（％）Ｔａｂｌｅ２Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：丁房阙石样已非新鲜岩石。表３石材岩块的主要物理力学性质指标Ｔａｂｌｅ３Ｍａｉｎｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ－ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：灰绿色砂岩试验成果取自三峡工程库区环境地质研究有关资料。２石质文物的风化病害分析受自然地质环境及人文环境的制约，３处石质文物的主要环境病害是风化病害。２．１风化病害形式［１］（１）裂隙状风化。这是一种典型的物理风化形式，见于无铭阙和临江岩摩崖造像。无 相似文献
4.
砂岩风化及其工程地质效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在成岩条件差、胶结程度低的砂岩中进行工程活动时,经常遇到边坡破坏、井壁破裂、巷道过度变形等事故。在岩石胶结特性和室内分析试验的基础上,分析了不同胶结状态的砂岩风化特性及其工程地质效应。同时,对砂岩文物风化与保护进行了论述。研究表明:1水溶液对砂岩风化起着重要作用,其影响着砂岩风化过程中的元素迁移、化学反应类型和速率,同时溶液还改变着岩石周围化学反应的pH和Eh值;2泥质胶结、硫化物胶结和碳酸盐胶结的砂岩容易受到环境影响风化,对工程影响较大。在强还原环境中砂岩暴露于地表后,易于风化,且风化后形成的酸性水环境有利于长石胶结砂岩的风化,进而影响岩石工程性质。 相似文献
5.
洞窟、造像等大型石质文物大多开凿在露天岩体崖壁上,风化病害是这类石质文物的主要病害之一,已经影响到了文物的传承。因此,开展石质文物风化分级的研究对于制定相应的保护措施具有重要的现实意义。目前,对石质文物风化的形态、机理、影响因素的研究较多,也取得了一些成果,但大多是依据对文物外观和岩体的某项指标进行风化分级,缺乏全面性。本文从岩体外观、岩体结构和岩体物理力学性质三方面出发建立了石质文物风化分级的指标体系,通过结合前人的研究成果并进行现场的实验研究,建立了风化等级的分级标准,将层次分析法与模糊数学理论结合起来,提出了一套兼顾岩体文物特性和工程特性的石质文物岩体风化分级方法。论文进一步将这套方法应用于太原晋阳大佛岩体风化分级研究,对于大佛边坡岩体的风化程度进行了评判,为大佛的重修提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
6.
砂岩风化剥落现象是很多文物古迹常见的病害问题,为了探究砂岩在季节性变化气候中的风化规律性,进行了变温循环,干湿循环,以及温度、湿度共同作用下的循环实验。得到结论:砂岩风化速度随温度升高加快,常温下单一温度循环变化对风化速度的影响缓慢;常温下湿度的循环变化对砂岩风化速度不产生影响;温度与湿度共同循环作用下,砂岩表现出一定的风化现象。在年复一年的气候变化中,砂岩存在一定程度的风化作用,随着时间的推移风化程度逐渐变得稳定,并更具规律性。 相似文献
7.
砂岩风化剥落现象是很多文物古迹常见的病害问题,为了探究砂岩在季节性变化气候中的风化规律性,进行了变温循环,干湿循环,以及温度、湿度共同作用下的循环实验。得到结论:砂岩风化速度随温度升高加快,常温下单一温度循环变化对风化速度的影响缓慢;常温下湿度的循环变化对砂岩风化速度不产生影响;温度与湿度共同循环作用下,砂岩表现出一定的风化现象。在年复一年的气候变化中,砂岩存在一定程度的风化作用,随着时间的推移风化程度逐渐变得稳定,并更具规律性。 相似文献
8.
在自然营力和人为作用下,平遥古城墙和民居的青砖产生了严重的风化病害,亟须保护和修复。通过现场调查,发现风化病害发生部位都在毛细水上升高度范围内（距地面1~3m）,主要风化形式为等厚状剥落、鳞片状剥落、颗粒脱落、盐分结晶。通过室内测试和实验,得到了古砖的矿物、化学成分,物理、力学性质以及耐盐、耐冻性能。本文认为毛细水在墙体中上升时携带的盐分是古砖风化的主要原因,冻融循环则加剧了风化的进程。由于水分减少和/或温度降低,古砖孔隙中的可溶盐会“捕获”自由水使其变成带有若干结晶水的结晶盐。盐分结晶后体积增大在古砖孔隙中产生的膨胀力致使古砖破坏。根据古砖的风化机理,提出了“阻水、脱盐、强砖”的防风化方法。本文提出的古砖风化机理和防风化方法的技术流程和分析方法,可以为相关砖石文物的保护和修复提供参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
风化作用、岩石微观结构、岩石微观渗流特性定量关系的研究是石窟文物有效保护的重要基础,砂岩风化作用严重影响了岩体上石窟文物的有效保护。本次研究使用扫描电镜（SEM）获得云冈石窟不同窟体砂岩的微观图像,根据图像增强和图像分割技术得到了岩石中颗粒和孔隙的数字特征参数,从微观角度建立了反映孔喉连接特性的渗流模型,得到了不同窟体岩石的局部水力传导系数,分析了数字特征参数、水力传导系数、风化作用之间的关系。结果表明,风化作用对石窟砂岩微观结构具有很大影响;砂岩孔隙平均长轴长度大小对应的风化程度分别是全风化或强风化、中等风化、微风化或未风化,长度分别为大于40 μm、25～35 μm、15～25 μm;风化程度越高、水力传导系数越大,随着风化程度的增高、水力传导系数的范围为1 × 10?9～1 × 10?4 cm/s;水力传导系数与孔喉尺寸、孔喉连通性密切相关;孔喉半径比增大时、水力传导系数也增大。 相似文献
11.
Wanja Wedekind Christian J. Gross Andreas Hoffmann Siegfried Siegesmund 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(21):735
Sandstones, clay in the form of bricks and laterite are the building materials used by the Khmer to construct the imposing and magnificent temples in Southeast Asia. Many of these monuments suffer from fracturing, sanding, contour scaling, crust formation and salt weathering. The affinity to weathering is closely connected to the type of material. Two sandstone types classified as feldspathic arenite and quartz arenite of Angkor as well as two arkosic sandstones from Thailand are described and investigated in this study. Important petrophysical properties determined for the different sandstones consist of hydric expansion, thermal expansion, pore radii distribution and ultrasonic velocity. Different investigations such as capillary water uptake, surface hardness, hygroscopic water sorption, and salt resistance tests were undertaken in the laboratory to characterize the various rock types. Observations and quantified damage mapping were done onsite at the Phnom Bakheng Temple. Contour scaling in the form of weathering crusts is one of the main deterioration features observable at the Angkor monuments. Comparisons are made between the building stone, the crust material from the Phnom Bakheng Temple and fresh stone material used for restoration. Significant differences in hydric and especially in thermal expansion of the crust and sandstone have been determined. The results seem to indicate that extensional processes occur, which can be considered a force for detachment (i.e., contour scaling, flaking). In an experimental trial, the hydric and thermal expansion of the weathering crust and the building stone was significantly reduced by using a weak acid for the crust and a swelling inhibitor for the original building stone. 相似文献
12.
白垩系砂岩沉积时间短,胶结程度差,在水化作用下极易发生崩解。选用湖北宜昌地区白垩系五龙组砂岩开展室内静态与动态崩解试验,分析了静动态崩解方式下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数的变化规律。通过测定崩解循环后不同粒径范围内崩解物颗粒质量百分含量的变化分析白垩系砂岩的崩解过程,采用电镜扫描试验观察崩解前后白垩系砂岩的镜下微观特征,根据崩解后崩解残留物的形态特征分析白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏模式,研究白垩系砂岩的崩解机理;从能量耗散的角度入手,引用表面能增量定量描述白垩系砂岩崩解过程中的破碎程度。结果表明:静态崩解下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数整体上低于动态崩解,随着崩解次数变大,小粒径颗粒(0.25~0.075 mm)的质量百分含量逐渐增加,最终趋于稳定;白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏主要是沿着节理裂隙面、颗粒胶结面以及微裂隙逐渐展开,随着崩解物粒径由大变小,与水的接触机会增多,且相应的裂隙扩展路径变短,崩解物破碎程度加大。采用表面能累计增量可以较好地反映白垩系砂岩在崩解过程中的破碎程度,表面能累计增量越大,崩解残留物越破碎,崩解程度越高。研究成果可为易崩解软岩地区岩土体工程性质评价提供理论参考。 相似文献
13.
Sandstone weathering processes damaging prehistoric rock paintings at the Albarracin Cultural Park, NE Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The rock paintings in cliff-foot caves of the Albarracin Cultural Park are known as some of the most important evidences of the Levantine prehistoric art of Spain (8000–3000 BP). The paintings are on sandstone (Buntsandstein facies) of Triasic age, which may develop intense weathering. The analysis of the variables controlling the weathering indicate that salt and wetting-drying weathering are responsible for granular disintegration and flaking, which lead to rock painting deterioration. 相似文献
14.
Enno Steindlberger 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(3-4):378-390
In the Hessian region of Germany numerous deposits of tuffs are known from which natural building stones were extracted. Many buildings show examples of the use of this material in the past. In contrast to their attractive appearance and ease of extraction from quarries, tuffs are liable to destruction by weathering. Most common damages are disintegration, crumbling, cracking, scaling and flaking. In this paper, the causes of damage of selected varieties have been analysed using petrographical and petrophysical methods. The measured values are disadvantageous in comparison to other natural building stones. Large amounts of swellable clay minerals, mostly forming the cementing material, cause scaling due to repeated humidification. High porosity including negative pore structures and high adsorption effects results in structural damages while freezing. Consequently, most varieties of the described tuffs possess a limited usage as an outdoor building material. 相似文献
15.
16.
The investigated rock material belongs to the group of upper cretaceous quader sandstones which are very important construction stones in Poland and Germany. The mineral composition of the rocks is relatively uniform??they are quartzose sandstones. The most important feature is their good workability and comparatively high weathering resistance. Still, regardless of the apparent resemblance, the observations carried on buildings and monuments show differences in weathering processes. The undertaken test was an attempt to verify the proposed before rock classification, performed on the basis of parameterization of porosimetric cumulative intrusion volume curves. The aim of the experiment was the evaluation of the sandstone petrography (including the structure, texture and porosity of the rock) influence on the weathering process. The modelling of accelerated weathering was conducted in Chamber for Ageing Acceleration, where some weather circumstances were simulated (insolation, rain and frost). As the result of the weathering experiment it could be stated that the dominant mechanism of the sandstones deterioration was granular disintegration and weight loss as a consequence of sample destruction. The most important factor influencing rock deterioration is rock texture, especially the character of grain contacts. The effective porosity is a requisite of potential for the stone to take in and hold water, and hence of resistance to weathering. In case of silica-cemented sandstones, the deciding criterion influencing weathering resistance is pore structure. In case of sandstones with clay cement, the most important is mineral composition of the rock. 相似文献
17.
Weathering of sandstone lotus petals at the Angkor site: a 1,000-year stone durability trial 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Marie-Françoise André Bruno Phalip Olivier Voldoire Franck Vautier Yves Géraud Mhammed Benbakkar Christophe Constantin Fabienne Huber Gilles Morvan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(7-8):1723-1739
This article is based on field investigations carried out at Ta Keo and Banteay Srei temples (Angkor, Cambodia), which have similar environmental histories and display the same recurrent decorative pattern (lotus petal) in three different sandstone lithotypes. Based on two original scales of mechanical and chemical weathering, the degree of deterioration of c.2000 sandstone petals was visually assessed, resulting in the proposal of a durability scale. An explanatory scheme was provided, based on laboratory analyses of stone materials (ICP-AES, XRD, SEM-EDS, polarizing microscopy and mercury injection). The key drivers of sandstone durability are both mineralogical and petrophysical. The remarkable preservation of the pink sandstone is due to the quartzose nature of its clasts, the non-swelling clay content of its abundant matrix (kaolinite) and its porosity structure (large connected pores and probable non-connected porosity). The overall good preservation of the green sandstone is due to its extremely low porosity and specific surface area, associated with its strong cementation. The severe deterioration of the grey sandstone is due to its laminated structure (oriented biotites), the susceptibility to hygric swelling and solution of its binding agents (chlorite/smectite and calcite) and its porosity structure, which evolves during a two-stage weathering sequence. The first stage is characterized by a bimodal porosity due to the partial clogging of macropores by swelling clays, and the second stage by a substantial increase in porosity and the penetration of salts (barite and anhydrite). Conversely, oxidation phenomena associated with weathering can lead to a drastic reduction of porosity. 相似文献
18.
The dominant factors affecting the development of weathering forms on the Prav?ice Rock Arch (PRA) (Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Czech Republic) are discussed, based on the in situ monitoring of weathering forms, as well as on laboratory studies of materials taken from this site. The in situ monitoring shows the progressive development of distinct weathering forms (delamination of case-hardened rock surfaces, cyclic efflorescence, and granular disintegration of exposed weakly cemented rock mass) in specific portions of the PRA, whose location is controlled by lithology, jointing/local hydrodynamics, and exposure to climatic factors. From the analysis of efflorescence, the dominance of sulphates is evident; particularly of gypsum and alums. However, the synergistic effects of the several salt species (that also include minor nitrates and chlorides) upon the mechanical disintegration of sandstone can be expected. 相似文献
19.
G.M.E. Kamh 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(4-5):625-638
The weathering factors act on the recent and archaeological sites through different processes based on the dominant environmental
conditions. The net result of weathering is deformation of the original form of construction rock. In the current case study,
the main aim is to find out the mechanism of formation of two different weathering forms recorded on many old buildings taking
Chester City as a case study. The construction rock in the case study is arenitic sandstone with carbonate content ranging
from 0.0 to 15.6%. The sandstone blocks are cemented together by hydraulic lime mortar that can easily be altered chemically
to salts by acid rain that dominates at the study area. In case of mortar with worse geotechnical limits than the sandstone
blocks, the net result is convex “domal” shape blocks, but in case of mortar with better geotechnical limits than the construction
sandstone, the net result of weathering is tafoni “concave” weathering form. 相似文献