共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 112 毫秒
1.
以数字高程模型数据为基础, 运用ArcGIS软件平台, 从数字高程模型数据中提取抚仙湖流域内相对独立的61个亚流域, 其中34个位于小江断裂东侧的山地中, 另外27个位于小江断裂西侧的山地中; 然后计算每一个流域单元流域的面积、周长、河流总长、形状指数、平均坡度、相对高差以及高程-面积积分值和水系分支比, 划分流域等级等。通过对流域地貌参数以及高程-面积积分值和分支比等的特征参数的详细分析, 初步表明抚仙湖两侧水系和亚流域的发育具有东西分异的特征。这些特征指示了抚仙湖水系两侧晚新生代构造活动的差异性, 反映了小江断裂带东西两侧的不均衡抬升。小江断裂带的活动控制了抚仙湖流域晚新生代快速隆起, 滇中高原快速隆起以及小江构造带内部差异活动是造成抚仙湖流域东西差异特征地貌的主要原因。 相似文献
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晋陕峡谷以南北走向穿越鄂尔多斯高原东缘,形成黄土高原上独特的峡谷地貌。本文基于数字高程模型,结合野外调查,提取了峡谷区的一系列相关流域地貌特征参数,详细分析了晋陕峡谷内流域特征。研究结果表明峡谷流域内水系和亚盆地表现出显著的东西分异特征,峡谷西侧水系和亚盆地的发育相对于其东侧较为成熟。其成因分析反映晚新生代以来,鄂尔多斯高原东缘可能存在多期强烈构造差异隆升事件,吕梁山相对于鄂尔多斯高原发生多期快速隆升,三门古湖消亡,导致峡谷内黄河强烈的不均匀下切,水系和亚盆地发育发生东西分异。晋陕峡谷的形成主要是晚新生代以来青藏高原发生多期向东快速构造挤出,导致鄂尔多斯高原东缘发生差异构造隆升的结果。 相似文献
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通过数字高程模型(DEM)的空间分析技术,系统提取研究区洮河水系流域盆地典型的河流地貌参数,并利用活动造山带地区发育的基岩河道纵向剖面形态等典型参数,分析洮河水系流域盆地地貌发育不对称性特征及洮河在岷县流向的急剧转变成因。研究表明洮河上游南岸水系较北岸水系形状指数高、流域面积大、水系发育更成熟,下游东岸河流河长较短、流域面积小、形状指数低于西岸,西岸水系更发育,且上游流域要比下游河道平缓,水系的相对落差更低,发育更成熟,表明上游河道形成时间早于下游河道。临潭—宕昌断裂带的逆冲隆升作用是造成洮河上、下游水系形态差异的主要原因。岷县东侧山脉的快速隆起致使古洮河被截断,之后被东北侧河流溯源侵蚀,切穿西秦岭北缘构造带,进行河流袭夺,从而形成了现今的洮河。最后探讨了对青藏高原东北端晚新生代以来的构造响应。 相似文献
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祁连山西段党河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
党河流域位于祁连山西段,流域内发育有三危山断裂、阿尔金断裂、野马河断裂和党河南山断裂等.这些断裂晚第四纪新活动性明显,控制着区内的构造变形、山体隆升与河流水系地貌发育.流域地貌参数指标能够很好地反映区域构造变形特征,因而党河流域地貌的发育和演化过程也记录了该区构造活动的重要信息.本文基于GIS空间分析技术,利用SRTM-DEM数据,系统提取了研究区内水系网络并对其进行Strahler分级后,获取党河流域各级亚流域盆地共计554个,进而计算了各亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分(HI)值,并对HI值进行空间插值,获取党河流域HI值空间分布特征.通过对比区内各个地貌参数指标,发现其与构造活动具有很好的相关性和同步性,表明构造活动对于流域地形地貌发育具有强烈的控制作用.区内亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分值分布特征表明,HI低值区与第四纪断陷盆地的范围相一致,而HI高值区则与晚更新世以来主干断裂的逆冲活动山体隆升范围相一致,反映了该区山体隆升和盆地沉降作用的总体面貌. 相似文献
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对涪江上游流域盆地地貌特征及成因进行研究,有助于揭示青藏高原东缘晚新生代以来新构造活动的差异性。本文以ArcGIS水文分析模块为技术平台,在研究区域内系统提取涪江上游流域盆地地表水系网络和涪江干流东西两侧36个亚流域盆地,并对亚流域盆地面积、周长、水系总长度、水系分支比、流域盆地演化阶段进行统计分析,结果表明,涪江干流河道东西两侧典型地貌参数存在显著差异。通过对该区域构造运动、岩石抗侵蚀能力、降水特征等几方面因素与河流下切过程相关性的分析可知,降水条件和岩性差异并不是涪江上游亚流域盆地不对称发育的主要影响因素,该区域断裂活动导致的地形不对称分布格局及岩层破碎程度的差异是涪江上游流域地貌差异演化的主控因素。另外,涪江上游干流展布呈现出两个特征:涪江干流河道因雪山断裂、北川-映秀断裂、彭县-灌县断裂的右旋(或左旋)走滑作用而沿断裂发生同步弯曲;涪江干流河道在北川-映秀断裂北侧由西北-东南流向转变为近正南流向,究其原因,主要是龙门山断裂带3条主干断裂的区域性右旋走滑活动驱动该区域物质产生相应右旋运动,从而使长期处于断层右旋作用控制之下的涪江干流河道发生转向。 相似文献
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祁连山洪水坝河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
晚新生代以来,伴随祁连山强烈隆起而塑造的水系流域地貌,其典型特征指示了该区域的最新构造活动.以发源于祁连山中部的洪水坝河为研究对象,利用GIS空间分析工具,提取了整体流域与5个亚流域的河网分支比、地势起伏、平均高程等地貌参数,并对整个流域地形做坡谱分析,获得了洪水坝河水系流域地貌特征.研究表明,洪水坝河流域整体地形起伏大、坡度陡、水系发育程度低,并且流域内部从南向北,河网分支比和地势起伏显著增大.在分析地层岩性和冰川作用等相关因素的基础上,认为这种变化表明流域所受构造活动的影响从南向北显著增强:南部受构造活动的影响微弱,地势平坦,可能是残存的古侵蚀面,亦或是受山间盆地的沉积作用影响;中部区域由于被昌马断裂东段切穿,断裂带附近区域较弱的抗侵蚀能力与河流的快速下切共同造成了地势起伏的增加;北部区域受佛洞庙-红崖子断裂西段逆冲活动的影响,坡度及地势起伏大幅增加,表现为地势起伏骤增和强烈的河流下切等地貌特征.上述地貌分析研究,为认识和理解祁连山造山带地貌演化以及控制因素提供了基础数据和思路. 相似文献
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白垩纪以来,东亚大陆构造的演变受东缘太平洋板块西向俯冲及南海打开与西缘新特提斯洋闭合及随后印度-欧亚板块碰撞的双重控制,东亚大陆地形经历了“跷跷板”式的演变:白垩纪-早新生代地形东高西低,与现今东倾地形相反;晚渐新世以来东倾的一级地貌格局逐渐形成。为了进一步完善该模型,本文报道了西江中-上游流域内玉林、十万大山、南宁和百色盆地白垩纪-新生代古流向研究结果,并综合了珠江口盆地碎屑物源和青藏高原东南缘构造、古高程与水系演化研究进展,获得以下认识:(1)白垩纪,西江中-上游地区盆地物源主要源自盆地东侧(可能是云开大山),反映了东侧地形相对较高,与“跷跷板”模式所指出的中生代东高西低的地形一致。(2)古近纪,珠江口盆地沉积物主要源自沿海花岗岩体,西江中-上游玉林与十万大山盆地物源仍然主要源自东侧,指示西江水系尚未贯通,东部沿海高地形仍然存在;结合该时期南宁和百色盆地物源来自东西两侧,青藏高原东南缘强烈压扭性变形和古高程研究所指示的地表抬升,认为古近纪东亚地形应是两侧高、中部低的“V”字型样式。(3)晚渐新世以来,珠江口盆地物源信号逐渐与现代珠江一致;在南宁盆地发现的新近纪河流相砂砾岩所指示的古... 相似文献
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南北地震带中段地貌发育差异性及其与西秦岭构造带关系初探 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
南北地震带中段地区发育一系列与西秦岭构造带走向近似平行的断裂系统,历史上沿上述断裂系统曾发生过多次强震甚至大地震,预示着断裂系统的最新活动特征,同时也表征了南北地震带中段地区断裂活动的差异性.文章选取南北地震带中段西秦岭构造带交接区长江水系嘉陵江一级支流白龙江和西汉水,黄河水系一级支流洮河以及渭河等上游流域为研究对象,以宏观地貌发育、水系平面展布和河流纵剖面陡峭程度等特征为基础数据,初步分析了南北地震带中段地貌发育总体特征及其与西秦岭构造带的关系.研究发现,地貌特征指示南北地震带中段明显存在构造活动性差异特征:南侧白龙江流域表现为地形起伏大、坡度陡、河流陡峭指数高等特征,主要受控于迭部-白龙江断裂带的持续活动;北侧西秦岭北缘断裂带发育部位,武山以西断裂迹象明显,渭河流域上游与洮河岷县-临洮南段等地区的地貌参数也指示了该段断裂较强的活动性.渭河及嘉陵江上游西汉水地区水系分布不对称特征指示了晚新生代以来西秦岭造山带与渭河地堑系活动的共同控制.白龙江水系主要支流所表现出的平行展布的线性水系特征表明迭部-白龙江断裂带等一系列平行断裂带对水系发育的控制作用.结合以往研究成果、历史强震和大震以及微震分布资料,我们进一步分析发现,南北地震带中段存在一条地震密集带,该带沿岷山-龙门山构造带向北,至舟曲-迭部附近跨过白龙江,向北沿礼县、宕昌及岷县至天水-甘谷-武山一带再向北经通渭、西吉等地区与六盘山构造带相接.这一认识支持南北向构造特征晚于东西向构造体系,并且很大程度上是深部地幔动力学和岩石圈圈层关系调整变动的产物的认识,同时也揭示了南北地震带与西秦岭构造带复杂的叠加复合构造关系. 相似文献
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青藏高原东北缘循化-贵德地区晚新生代构造活动强烈,同时晚新生代黄河的发育和演化也提供了研究高原构造隆升扩展以及黄河侵蚀下切过程的理想场所。黄河水系通过调整河流纵剖面的形态在垂向上响应不同的构造隆升以及河床岩性的变化。利用数字高程模型数据,提取黄河水系河流纵剖面形态,利用基岩河道河流水力侵蚀模型（stream-power incision model）为依托,尝试揭示晚新生代以来强烈构造活动在黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征上的表现。分析发现,在循化-贵德地区岩性分布均匀的新生代盆地内部,黄河水系纵剖面在河流水力侵蚀模型坡度-面积双对数图解中大部分表现为上凸特征,即基岩河道的河床随时间的变化为正值,指示了基岩的隆升速率大于河流的下切侵蚀速率。在河流流经盆地内部不同岩性地区,特别是前新生界地层区,河流纵剖面也表现为一定的上凸特征,表明了新生界与前新生界地层岩性差异对河流纵剖面的控制作用。综合来看,青藏高原东北缘循化-贵德地区黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征是晚新生代强烈构造活动和岩性差异共同控制的结果,揭示了循化-贵德地区造山系统地形发育仍然处于前均衡或接近均衡状态,同时也从侧面表明青藏高原东北缘地区是整个高原隆升扩展的最新和最前缘部位的时空格局特征。 相似文献
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基于ASTER-GDEM数据,利用彩色晕染、密度分割与GIS空间统计分析技术,结合地质资料,通过地形高程、地势起伏度、地表坡度、高程和平均坡度剖面及流域面积-高程积分等手段,对黄河源地区的构造地貌特征进行了初步分析.研究表明,黄河源地区为一NW-SE带状盆地地貌,平均海拔4 473 m,平均起伏度为60 m,平均坡度为9.5°,为高海拔盆地,盆内地势平坦,盆缘山势险峻.黄河源盆地内部(4 200～4 300m)湖相地层发育,地势略有起伏,为古大湖湖底地貌后经河流改造形成;盆内发育三级阶梯状层状地貌面,高程分别为4 400m、4 500m和4 600m,为古大湖作用形成的三级大型湖积阶地;盆地两侧发育山地地貌,沟壑纵横,为山体隆升、构造剧烈活动和强烈风化剥蚀作用形成.黄河源地区的地貌特征受构造作用控制较为明显:盆地边缘的昆南断裂、布青山山前断裂和巴颜喀拉山前断裂对盆地的展布形态和整体地貌特征具有控制作用;盆内玛多断裂、巴颜河前断裂和麻多—野牛沟断裂破坏了古湖积阶地的层状地貌,控制了盆地内部的地势起伏变化和黄河源区水系的整体展布.黄河源流域地貌整体处于壮年期,为构造活动和水流作用的综合结果.4 200～4 800m高程范围内的流域面积最大,占总流域的90.6％,为长期内流作用形成的区域平坦的地形,推测为古湖期湖泊作用的结果;盆地两侧的山前地区,构造活动剧烈、风化作用显著,呈现老年期地貌;盆地东南切口为河谷地貌,处于幼年期,由黄河源的地貌发育特征推测黄河源水系为发育较为年轻的水系. 相似文献
11.
岷江断裂带晚新生代逆冲推覆构造：来自钻孔的证据 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
岷江断裂带由2个不同性质的断裂组成:早期岷江逆冲断裂和晚期岷江正断裂。野外地质调查和钻孔资料发现在岷江西侧山麓之下存在一套厚度大于110m的早更新世灰黑色湖相地层,三叠系灰岩逆掩在这套湖相地层之上。由此确定岷江断裂是一条西倾的逆冲断层,逆冲作用发生在中更新世之前。在中更新世时期,岷江逆冲断裂发生构造负反转,在其前缘形成一条东倾的正断层,它控制了岷江上游漳腊盆地的发育。本文认为,岷山地区现今地震活动并非受控于岷江断裂带,而可能受到虎牙断裂及岷山隆起深部滑脱构造的控制,岷江断裂带位于该深部滑脱构造的上部。进而认为逆冲—推覆构造样式可能是青藏高原东缘晚新生代造山和快速隆升的主要变形机制。 相似文献
12.
L. M. Mesa 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(8):1235-1242
A morphometric analysis was done to determine the drainage characteristics of Lules River basin using land-sat imageries and topographical maps. This catchment was divided into seven sub-basins for the analysis: Liquimayo, Hoyada, Ciénaga, De Las Tablas, Siambón, Potrerillo and San Javier. Yungas ecoregion covers almost all the watershed. The drainage patterns of the sub-basins are dendritic and parallel. The basin includes seventh order stream and lower streams order mostly dominate the basin. The development of stream segments is affected by slope and local relief. The mean bifurcation ratio indicates that the drainage pattern is not much influenced by geological structures. The shape parameters also reveal the elongation of the basin and sub-basins. 相似文献
13.
The morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the drainage characteristics of Panamaram watershed (PW) of Kabani river basin, Kerala, India with emphasis on fourth order sub-basins (FOSBs) using Geocoded imageries of IRS-IC LISS III FCCs (1997) of 1:50,000 scale, aerial photographs (1990) of 1:15,000 scale and Survey of India toposheets (1968) on 1: 50,000 scale. The main idea was to examine the stream properties based on the measurement of various stream attributes. The different drainage parameters studied and the measurements related to perimeter, area of sub-basins, basin length and number of rivers were determined by using Map Info 6.5 techniques. The drainage pattern of the PW is dendritic, a sixth order stream. There are 587, 135, 36 and 12 first, second, third and fourth order Hortonian streams, respectively in PW. The mean bifurcation ratio indicates that the drainage pattern is not much influenced by geological structures. The shape parameters reveal the elongation of the basin and sub-basins. The applicability of Horton’s Laws on Stream numbers, Stream lengths and Stream areas is tested by using the theory of regression by estimating theoretically bifurcation ratio, length ratio and area ratio. For the fourth order sub-basins of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8 of PW, a second degree polynomial equation seems to be a better model than the Hortonian model. 相似文献
14.
Suketi river basin is located in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It encompasses a central inter-montane valley and surrounding mountainous terrain in the Lower Himachal Himalaya. Morphometric analysis of the Suketi river basin was carried out to study its drainage characteristics and overall groundwater resource potential. The entire Suketi river basin has been divided into five sub-basins based on the catchment areas of Suketi trunk stream and its major tributaries. Quantitative assessment of each sub-basin was carried out for its linear, areal, and relief aspects. The analysis reveals that the drainage network of the entire Suketi river basin constitutes a 7th order basin. Out of five sub-basins, Kansa khad sub-basin (KKSB), Gangli khad sub-basin (GKSB) and Ratti khad sub-basin (RKSB) are 5th order sub-basins. The Dadour khad sub-basin (DKSB) is 6th order sub-basin, while Suketi trunk stream sub-basin (STSSB) is a 7th order sub-basin. The entire drainage basin area reflects late youth to early mature stage of development of the fluvial geomorphic cycle, which is dominated by rain and snow fed lower order streams. It has low stream frequency (Fs) and moderate drainage density (Dd) of 2.69 km/km 2. Bifurcation ratios (Rb) of various stream orders indicate that streams up to 3rd order are surging through highly dissected mountainous terrain, which facilitates high overland flow and less recharge into the sub-surface resulting in low groundwater potential in the zones of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams of the Suketi river basin. The circulatory ratio (Rc) of 0.65 and elongation ratio (Re) of 0.80 show elongated nature of the Suketi river basin, while infiltration number (If) of 10.66 indicates dominance of relief features and low groundwater potential in the high altitude mountainous terrain. The asymmetry factor (Af) of Suketi river basin indicates that the palaeo-tectonic tilting, at drainage basin scale, was towards the downstream right side of the drainage basin. The slope map of Suketi river basin has been classified into three main zones, which delineate the runoff zone in the mountains, recharge zone in the transition zone between mountains and valley plane, and discharge zone in the plane areas of Balh valley. 相似文献
15.
Uday Sahu Dipak Panaskar Vasant Wagh Shrikant Mukate 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):517
The Asna river basin is located in Hingoli and Nanded districts of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. A geomorphometric analysis is an important method for the investigation and management of natural resources of watershed. The geomorphometric analysis of Asna river basin classifies three sub-basins that have been delineated using GIS and remote sensing through measurements of linear, aerial, and relief aspects. The Asna river basin comprises an area of 1187 km2 with seventh-order drainage pattern. As per Strahler classification, the upper part of the basin shows dendritic to sub-dendritic and the lower part exhibits parallel to sub-parallel drainage pattern. The total numbers of stream segments are 2422 and length of streams is 2187.92 km. The bifurcation value ranges from 1.26 to 5.58 indicating that there are no structural disturbances. The form factor value (0.49) indicates that the shape of the basin is moderately circular. The high values of drainage density, stream frequency, and low infiltration number indicate the high runoff due to impermeable lithology. The slope of the basin varies from 1 to 32.2%, terrain elevation ranges from 333 to 551 m, and overall relief of the basin is 218 m amsl. River sub-basin prioritization has an immense importance in natural resource management, especially in semi-arid regions. The present study is an attempt to prioritize the sub-basins of Asna river based on geomorphometric parameters. The weightage is assigned to different morphometric parameters of sub-basins based on erosion potential. The Asna river sub-basins have been classified into three categories as high, medium, and low on the basis of priorities for soil and water conservation. It is confirmed that sub-basin I is characterized as highly vulnerable to erosion and has high sedimentation load; sub-basin II has low priority, i.e., very low erodibility; and sub-basin III is of moderate type. The morphometric analysis and prioritization methods can be applied to hydrological studies in surface as well as subsurface water, climatic studies, rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharging sites, and watershed management. 相似文献
16.
Ziaur Rehman Ansari L. A. K. Rao Alia Yusuf 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,79(5):505-514
Remote Sensing and GIS techniques have been proved to be efficient tools in the delineation, updating and morphometric analysis of drainage basin. The present study incorporates a morphometric analysis of three sub-basins of Fatehabad area of Agra district using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The morphometric parameters of the sub-basins are classified under linear, areal and relief aspects. The drainage pattern exhibited by the main river Yamuna and its tributaries shows a dendritic pattern indicating homogenously underlain material while the mean bifurcation ratio values suggest that the geological structures are not disturbing the drainage pattern. The form factor value of sub-basins suggests that the main basin is more or less elongated. Circularity ratio values of the three sub-basins fall within range of elongated basin and low discharge. The area has low density indicating that the region has high permeable sub-soil material and dense vegetation. The values of drainage texture, drainage density and infiltration number indicate that sub-basin-III has the highest infiltration rate and low runoff, hence contributing most to the underground water resources. This study also indicates porous and permeable sub-soil condition in sub-basin-III. The values of sub-basin-I indicate low permeable subsoil material owning to high infiltration number value, hence low infiltration and high runoff. 相似文献
17.
This study deals with the application of visual basic program ‘bearing, azimuth and drainage (bAd) calculator’ which employs a new and easy methodology for extraction of watershed morphometric parameters. Using bAd calculator, morphometric analysis was carried out for the Kali River basin of southwest coast of India. The basin forms a part of the Western Ghats, which is an important mountain range of the Indian sub-continent and runs nearly parallel to the coast. Spatial maps of six morphometric parameters have been prepared from the results obtained. Various linear, areal, shape and relief morphometric parameters of fifth and sixth order basins have been calculated and interpreted. Majority of the sub-basins show less uniform values (~3 to 4) of R bm which indicate the uniform and systematic branching pattern of streams. High D d zones are found in the Western Ghats region, whereas low D d zones are observed in the eastern part of the basin and near the estuary. The eastern part of the basin shows low F s values, whereas NW and SW parts of the basin show high F s values. Compared to manual measurement, bAd calculator requires minimal time to quantify the morphometric parameters. Experimental results show that the software is effective in calculating drainage parameters such as drainage density, frequency, bifurcation ratio, etc., using the text file of ESRI shapefile. 相似文献
18.
Evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage networks derived from topographic maps and DEM in point of floods 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
An evaluation of morphometric parameters of two drainage networks derived from different sources was done to determine the
influence of sub-basins to flooding on the main channel in the Havran River basin (Balıkesir-Turkey). Drainage networks for
the sub-basins were derived from both topographic maps scaled 1:25.000 and a 10-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM)
using geographic information systems (GIS). Blue lines, representing fluvial channels on the topographic maps were accepted
as a drainage network, which does not depict all exterior links in the basin. The second drainage network was extracted from
the DEM using minimum accumulation area threshold to include all exterior links. Morphometric parameters were applied to the
two types of drainage networks at sub-basin levels. These parameters were used to assess the influence of the sub-basins on
the main channel with respect to flooding. The results show that the drainage network of sub-basin 4—where a dam was constructed
on its outlet to mitigate potential floods—has a lower influence morphometrically to produce probable floods on the main channel
than that of sub-basins 1, 3, and 5. The construction of the dam will help reduce flooding on the main channel from sub-basin
4 but it will not prevent potential flooding from sub-basin 1, 3 and 5, which join the main channel downstream of sub-basin
4. Therefore, flood mitigation efforts should be considered in order to protect the settlement and agricultural lands on the
floodplain downstream of the dam. In order to increase our understanding of flood hazards, and to determine appropriate mitigation
solutions, drainage morphometry research should be included as an essential component to hydrologic studies. 相似文献