共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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煤中微量元素赋存状态的逐提试验研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
首次通过逐级化学提取试验对高级煤中10余个微量元素的赋存状态（水溶态及可交换态，碳酸盐铁锰氧化物结合态，有机质结合态，进入晶格或呈单矿物态）进行研究，结果表明：绝大多数元素具有一种以上的赋存状态；不同沉积环境条件下，元素的赋存态可以发生改变；元素的赋存状态不同，其入侵环境及对环境的危害程度不同。 相似文献
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锡（Sn）被认为是具有环境负效应的元素。近年来,不同地区的沉积物样品显示近几十年来地壳中的Sn明显快速上升,并认为煤炭的燃烧可能是导致环境中Sn含量增加的重要途径。锡在中国煤中的平均含量约为3.38 μg/g,略高于世界煤中Sn的均值,与上地壳的含量基本持平。由于煤中Sn的含量在10-6量级,因此,在测试过程中可以考虑选择利用ICP MS和高精度AAS结合微波消解技术对Sn进行测定。因为该元素本身在煤中含量微少,几乎不以独立的矿物相存在,因此鲜少有文献报道。但在本文中,还是提出了几种Sn在煤中的可能存在方式：锡石态、硫化物态、钽铌矿物中的类质同象、有机结合态、硅酸盐矿物中的类质同象,以及非紧密结合的可交换离子态。并以中国典型的高Sn煤层为例,分析了高Sn煤出现的可能原因。此外,当煤中Sn的赋存状态为可交换离子态与有机质结合态时,部分Sn可以在煤的开采和燃烧中迁移并进入环境,应当予以关注。 相似文献
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贵州中北部燃煤型砷中毒地区煤中砷的赋存状态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州中北部存在着高砷煤并引起环境和健康问题,对这些地区的煤进行了中子活化分析(INAA)、电子探针(EMPA)、能谱扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDX)、低温灰化(LTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光吸收精细结构(XAFS)和连续淋滤实验分析,综合研究了这些煤中砷的赋存状态。结果表明不同煤中砷具有不同的赋存状态。在部分样品中砷主要以无机砷的形式存在,而在其它样品中砷主要以有机砷的形式存在。除了黄铁矿和毒砂外,SEM-EDX结合LTA和XRD发现硫酸盐、粘土也不同程度含有砷。XAFS显示煤中的砷主要以As5+的形式存在。连续淋滤实验表明在样品ZJ-1中超过50%的砷不能被淋滤出来,而在另外两个样品(ZJ-8和RH-5B)中绝大部分的砷被淋滤出来。综合分析表明一些煤中以+5价存在的砷主要与有机质结合。煤中如此高的砷及其主要与有机质结合的现象是很罕见。 相似文献
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煤中砷的赋存状态 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
砷是煤中常见的有害微量元素,由于其丰度较低,定量研究其赋存状态一直很困难。近年来,采用逐级化学提取实验方法对煤中不同赋存状态的砷进行了定量研究,综合分析这些研究可得出以下结论：①煤中砷的赋存状态包括硫化物态砷、有机态砷、砷酸盐态砷、硅酸盐态砷、水溶态和可交换态砷。总体上,硫化物态砷＞有机态砷＞砷酸盐态砷＞硅酸盐态砷＞水溶态和可交换态砷,但在不同的煤样品中,也表现出较大的差异性。②一般而言,煤中大部分砷存在于含砷黄铁矿中,含砷黄铁矿中的砷含量与黄铁矿的成因或类型有关。煤中的砷酸盐态砷主要与铁氧化物和氢氧化物共生;硅酸盐态砷主要进入粘土矿物晶格。③在砷含量较低的煤样品中,有机态砷含量较高,其中在褐煤和低煤级烟煤中,可提取出与腐殖酸和富里酸结合的砷。当前还难以确认有机态砷的化学结构。④贵州特高砷煤中砷的赋存状态较为复杂,在某些样品中与氧结合的有机态砷为主要的赋存状态。 相似文献
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对煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态进行研究,可以为煤矸石发电过程中汞、砷的脱除提供理论依据。采用逐级化学浸提法将3个不同产地煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态分为可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰结合态、硫化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态。采用不同的浸提溶液得到对应结合态的测试结果。结果表明,煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态具有一定的相似性。煤矸石中汞、砷主要以硫化物结合态为主,其质量分数占总汞的67.66%~72.68%,占总砷的56.71%~79.36%;其次为残渣态,其质量分数占总汞的23.70%~28.06%,占总砷的11.47%~18.02%。另外在煤矸石中砷还以少量有机结合态形式存在。 相似文献
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为研究准格尔串草圪旦5号煤微量元素地球化学特征,采用光学显微镜、扫面电子显微镜和X射线衍射（XRD）方法观测煤中矿物组成及形态特征,应用电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP MS）方法测定煤中多种微量元素含量,运用数理统计方法研究微量元素在煤中的赋存特征。结果表明：5号煤中Li、Be、F、U、Hg 5种元素相对富集,含量高于研究区6号煤及中国煤中含量水平。5号煤中Li、F、Ga、Se无机亲和性强,Be、As、U为亲有机元素;Hg与硫含量显著正相关。各元素在煤中主要以有机结合态、无机结合态和硫化物结合态赋存。 相似文献
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典型高砷煤样品的连续浸取实验研究——兼论黔西南高砷煤中砷的赋存状态 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
根据以往研究，选取了2个砷含量差异较大的样品，利用连续浸取实验，结合仪器中子活化分析（INAA）、等离子原子吸收光谱（ICP－AES）、等离子质谱（ICP－MS）测定及X射线吸收精细结构（XAFS）分析，经低温灰化（LTA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM－EDX）对黔西南高砷煤中砷的赋存状态进行了研究，发现50％以上的砷不能被NH4Ac、HCl、HF和HNO3等无机试剂提取出来，结合以往的研究认为砷主要以高价有机砷的形式存在。 相似文献
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Jian Chen Guijian Liu Mengmeng JiangChen-Lin Chou Hui LiBin Wu Liugen ZhengDongdong Jiang 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,88(1):41-54
To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals. 相似文献
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唐口区煤中微量元素的分布特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在大量化验测试资料的基础上,分析了唐口区煤中微量元素在平面上的变化特征和在不同煤中或同一煤层在垂向上的变化规律,并初步研究了微量元素在不同粒度和不同密度煤中的分布特征,探讨了煤中微量元素富集的原因,为今后煤的综合开发和利用提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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辽宁北票地区煤中微量元素研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对辽宁北票地区煤中微量元素进行了研究 ,将研究区煤中微量元素的平均质量分数与世界范围煤的微量元素的平均质量分数进行比较 ,发现北票煤中的Cr、Co、Ni、As、Sr、Y、Zr、Ba、Ta、Sc具有较高的富集 ,而Sn、U具有较低的富集 ,这种差异可能主要与聚煤区域的地球化学背景有关。计算了微量元素之间的相关系数 ,得出北票地区煤中稀土元素总量较世界范围稀土元素总量的平均值偏高 ,且煤中稀土元素分布模式十分相似 ,表明在成煤期间陆源物质供应相对稳定。煤中矿物主要为高岭石、石英及方解石及少量的伊利石 ,并对其中的地质成因进行了初步解释。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体质谱-原子荧光光谱法研究上海口岸进口印度尼西亚煤炭微量元素的赋存形态特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
印度尼西亚是我国最大的煤炭进口国,本文应用电感耦合等离子体质谱、原子荧光光谱、直接测汞仪等技术分析了上海口岸31批进口印度尼西亚煤炭中的12种微量元素,结合数理统计方法研究该类煤炭中微量元素的赋存形态。结果表明,进口印尼煤炭中含有高汞煤、三级含砷煤,As、Hg的平均富集系数大于1,其迁移风险值得关注;Be、Cu、Mo、Cd、Sn、Pb含量均低于中国煤和世界煤炭的平均水平,体现出印尼煤炭低灰分的品质特征。12种微量元素和相关项目(灰分和全硫)可划分为3类:第一类归纳为黏土矿物吸附类,包括As、Be、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Mo、Cd、Sn、Pb、灰分;第二类归纳为硫铁矿类,包括Hg、全硫;第三类归纳为碳酸盐矿物类,包括Ba。本文研究结果对于指导进口煤炭开发、利用过程中的环境评价和洁净化处理具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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贵州六枝、水城煤田晚二叠世煤的微量元素特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对六枝和水城煤田 10个煤矿主要可采煤层的 45个煤样品的常量和微量元素系统研究 ,概括了这两个煤田煤中常量和微量元素的丰度和分布特征 ;阐述了煤中微量元素的亲合性。这两个煤田煤中的全硫含量在受海水影响的煤层中较高 (最高达 7.5 % ) ,而在非海水影响的煤层中较低 ( 0 .3% )。六枝煤田的全硫含量明显高于水城煤田。Ca-Mn-Ge的平均含量在六枝煤田较低 ,而在水城煤田相对较高。在这两个煤田和不同的煤层之间 ,煤中微量元素含量的变化较小。与世界烟煤中一般含量范围相比 ,这两个煤田的特征是 Mn,V,Cu,L i,Zr,Nb,Ta,Hf,T1,Th和 U的含量相对高。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study is the petrographic and chemical characterization of the coal at the Figueira Power Plant, Paraná, Brazil, prior and after the beneficiation process and the chemical characterization of fly and bottom ashes generated in the combustion process.Petrographic characterization was carried out through maceral analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements. Chemical characterization included proximate analysis, determination of calorific value and sulphur content, ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma — Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma — Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis, and determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content.Vitrinite reflectance analyses indicate a high volatile B/C bituminous coal (0.61 to 0.73% Rrandom). Maceral analyses show predominance of the vitrinite maceral group (51.6 to 70.9 vol.%, m.m.f). Except of the Run of mine (ROM) coal sample, the average calorific value of the coals is 5205 kcal/kg and ash yields range from 21.4 to 38.1 wt.%. The mineralogical composition (X-ray diffraction) of coals includes kaolinite, quartz, plagioclase and pyrite, whereas fly and bottom ashes are composed by mullite, ettringite, quartz, magnetite, and hematite. Analyses of major elements from coal, fly and bottom ashes indicate a high SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 content. Trace elements analysis of in-situ and ROM coals by ICP-MS and ICP-AES show highest concentration in Zn and As. Most of the toxic elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn are significantly reduced by coal beneficiation. Considering the spatial distribution of trace elements in the beneficiated coal samples, which were collected over a period of three months, there appears to be little variation in Cd and Zn concentrations, whereas trace elements such as As, Mo, and Pb show a larger variation.In the fly and bottom ashes, the highest concentrations of trace elements were determined for Zn and As. When compared with trace element concentrations in the feed coal, fly ashes show a significant enrichment in most trace elements (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, and Zn), suggesting a predominantly volatile nature for these elements. In contrast, Sn is distributed evenly within the different ash types, whereas U shows depleted concentration in both bottom and fly ash samples.According to the International Classification of in-seam coals the Cambuí coals are of para/ortho bituminous rank of low grade (except for the ROM sample), and are characterized by the predominance of vitrinite macerals. 相似文献
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The occurrence of potentially hazardous trace elements in five Highveld coals, South Africa 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
Permian coals of the southern hemisphere are generally considered to contain lower concentrations of sulfides, halogens, and trace elements when compared to northern hemisphere Carboniferous coals. Few studies have considered the trace element content in South African coals, and little or no work has been published for Highveld coals. Of the nineteen coal fields in South Africa, the Highveld coal field is one of the nine currently producing, and is second largest in terms of production. Five run of mine samples and a high ash middlings product from the Number 4 Lower seam were analyzed, totaling six sample sets. Fourteen trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) were selected for this study based on the global perception that these elements may be hazardous to human health and/or the environment when they are released during coal utilization. Several sample preparation techniques were tested using certified reference materials (SARMs 18, 19 and 20) to determine the most repeatable technique for these coals. The samples were analyzed by ICP-AES and CVAA (Hg only). Microwave digestion proved to be generally unreliable despite the utilization of several different methods. A slurry direct injection method into the ICP-AES provided good correlations with the reference material, but requires further development to enhance the confidence level in this relatively unexplored technique. Samples prepared based on three ASTM standards for the determination of trace elements in coal provided repeatable results in most instances, and were the preparation methods utilized for the Highveld coals.The trace element values determined for the Highveld coals are generally in good agreement with values available in literature for South African coals, with the exception of Hg, Mn and Cr. Hg values reported here are lower, Cr and Mn higher. Results generally agree well with analyses on the same samples conducted by the United States Geological Survey. When considering the global ranges for trace elements, the Highveld range values are within Swaine's range boundaries with the exception of Cr. Compared to the cited global average values for the fourteen trace elements determined, the values obtained for the Highveld coals generally fall below or well below these average values, with the exception of Cr and Mn. Concentrations of Cd and Cu are lower compared to global average values, and As, Mo, Pb, Se, Sb, and Zn can be considered low to very low. Arsenic is ten times lower compared to typical USA values. Concentrations of Co and Ni are similar to global averages, with V and Hg being very slightly higher. The middlings samples reported higher concentrations of most elements, related to the higher ash content of these samples. Of interest, the chalcophile elements determined are all depleted in the Highveld coals compared to global averages, and the siderophile elements are enriched or comparable to global averages.Risk-based health studies in the USA on coals with similar or higher Hg and significantly higher As contents have not reported negative health effects, and therefore it could be assumed that the mobilization of these trace elements from the five Highveld coals are unlikely to cause human health problems. Work is ongoing to determine the modes of occurrence of these HAPs and to address the partitioning behaviors and speciation states of these elements during coal utilization. 相似文献
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Gülbin Gürdal 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,87(2):157-173
This study presents the concentrations and modes of occurrence of trace elements in 81 coal samples from the Çan basin of northwestern Turkey. The concentration of trace elements in coal were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Additionally, traditional coal parameters were studied by proximate, ultimate, X-ray diffraction, and petrographic analyses. Twenty trace elements, including As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, and Zn, receive much attention due to their related environmental and human health concerns. The Çan coals investigated in this study are lignite to sub-bituminous coal, with a broad range of ash yields and sulphur contents. The trace element concentrations show variety within the coal seams in the basin, and the affinities vary among locations. The concentrations of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, and Zn in Çan coals are within the Swaine's worldwide concentration range, with the exception of As, Th, U, and V. On the other hand, compared with world coals, the Çan basin coals have higher contents of As, B, Cu, Co, Mo, Pb, Th, U, V, and Zn. Based on statistical analyses, most of the trace elements, except for U, show an affinity to ash yield. Elements including As, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn, show a possible association with pyrite; however, the elements Se, B, and Mo can be have both organic and inorganic associations. 相似文献
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枣庄煤田太原组煤中微量元素地球化学特征 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
采用中子活化法测定了山东枣庄煤田晚古生代太原组高硫煤层中的微量元素质量分数 ,用数理统计方法取得了高硫煤中微量元素的浓度分布范围、平均值和变异系数 ,用逐步聚类分析法和相关分析法分析了微量元素的共生组合关系 ,并用扫描电镜 -能谱分析了不同煤岩组分的微量元素浓度 ,在此基础上结合形态硫分析结果和沉积相分析结果 ,讨论了高硫煤中微量元素的富集因素、聚集机理和成因背景 ,指出受海水影响的沼泽沉积环境不但对煤中形态硫的分布和含量有控制作用 ,同时对煤中微量元素的浓度和共生组合特点也有影响。太原组高硫煤中的微量元素按其成因可分成两组 ,一组是陆源碎屑富集型 ,其含量直接与煤中灰分产率呈正相关关系 ;另一组为盆地内部沉积 -生物作用富集型元素 ,海水的入侵和盆地介质的停滞还原条件和陆源碎屑物质输入量的减少最有利于沉积 -生物作用型元素的富集 ,并以有害元素 Cu、As、 U、 Pb、 Mo、 Sr和 Co的富集为特征。煤中黄铁矿及其他硫化物是许多有害元素的重要载体 ,充分凝胶化的富氢镜质体比其他组分承载和吸附有更多的有害元素。深入研究不同煤层的有害元素的有机亲和性有利于指导煤的合理利用和采用有效的有害元素的去除措施 ,以利于煤的有效和洁净利用 相似文献