共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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盐穴具有良好的稳定性和密闭性,是储存天然气、石油、氢气等的理想场所。传统水溶造腔采用的油垫阻溶存在阻溶效果差、卤水油污重等问题,无法满足绿色矿山建设要求。气垫作为一种替代品备受关注,但因其起步较晚、控制难度大,加之我国复杂的盐层地质条件,阻碍着其推广应用。为此,首先分析了不同造腔阶段气垫控制特点,然后在对气-液界面处压力平衡分析的基础上提出了不同阶段气垫厚度预测及注气量计算方法,结合某井建槽期实例给出了建议气垫厚度及其波动范围,探明了气垫厚度和注气量随造腔推进的变化规律,最后探讨了气垫阻溶应用相关的关键问题。研究结果表明：建槽期及收顶期以气垫厚度控制为主,建腔期及腔体修复阶段则以气-液界面位置控制为主。建议建槽期平均气垫厚度不低于0.3 m,建槽期初期气垫厚度波动迅速,应设置较大的气垫厚度并及时补注氮气,随后气垫厚度波动趋于稳定,补气时间间隔可逐渐拉长。随造腔时间增加,单次补气量越来越大,累计补气量整体呈线性增长。造腔过程中井口气压及气-液界面处气垫压力先增加后线性减小,应实时监测井口气压变化。气垫阻溶与油垫阻溶成本相近但环境效益显著,可重复利用排出氮气及井口注气设施以节约成本。现场应... 相似文献
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通过卤(盐)井的维修施工,消除各种井内故障,恢复生产能力,使卤(盐)井达到设计开采量,同时也能最大程度利用地下宝贵的资源。技术割管在卤(盐)井可将悬挂在溶腔内的技术管按设计要求割断,并掉入溶腔,从而实现卤(盐)井的第二梯度开采;对对接井而言,则可排除溶腔内堆积的沉淀物对直井的不利影响,实现斜井进水直井出卤开采方式,最大程度地满足正常的卤(盐)开采运行模式。我单位经多年的工程实践,已形成了较合理有效的卤(盐)井维修施工工艺,现介绍卤(盐)井割管维修施工中一些关键工艺和施工经验。 相似文献
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定向钻井轨迹计算方法很多,但在轨迹处理及图示反馈上均不直观清楚。通过坐标变换,建立了以井口与靶点连线为基准参考面的定向对接连通井轨迹设计方法。比较校正平均角法和最小曲率法,通过两次坐标旋转,说明建立以井口与靶点（或靶井）连线方位为参考面的坐标系的定向对接井轨迹设计方法及优点。并且这种设计方法也可用于其它轨迹计算方法中。通过本设计方法,可及时反应自井口到靶点（靶井）的钻井轨迹与目标的误差偏离。通过EXCEL编程及图示,运用EXCEL功能及时跟踪设计,使定向对接井设计与施工简单直观。采用此法累计已成功完成的对接井达100余对。 相似文献
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水平钻井连通水溶采卤一直是开采井矿盐资源最常用和最经济有效的手段,但由于地层条件复杂、饱和卤水结晶、套管破损等因素造成盐井组采卤运行过程中通道堵塞,一直是制约盐井组运行年限的主要原因。近些年,对堵塞井组修治常用方法有憋压、通井、开窗侧钻,其中水平井开窗侧钻重新对接现有溶腔在很多盐田区块修井中被广泛应用。在河北宁晋石盐田Y2-Y4井组修井过程中,存在老溶腔无法再利用的情况,此时老溶腔成为井组二次对接的“累赘”。在该区块首次采用井组井型互换（水平井改直井,直井改水平井）的方法,避开了老溶腔,实现了老井组的再利用。 相似文献
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湘西花垣李梅铅锌矿区古热液卡斯特特征及其成因研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
发育于湘西花垣县李梅铅锌矿区内下寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩中的一套角砾岩,具古卡斯特特征。溶蚀洞穴、溶蚀崩解、溶蚀变形构造以及特殊的洞穴充填角砾和洞穴矿物可作为鉴别和区分不同于一般沉积角砾岩的主要特征。X衍射、包体测温、包体成分及氢氧同位素组合分析表明:本区古卡斯特为一种低温(150℃±)、高盐度(14.89～39.24％)、弱酸性(pH=5.75.t=150℃)至弱碱性(pH=6.88、t=150℃)、还原型(Eh:-0.7721～-0.8699)的CaCl型深层热卤水的溶蚀作用所造成。 相似文献
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The Red River drains 242000 km2 with 90% of this area being downstream of discharges from naturally occurring brine seeps and springs. The upstream area
has been designated as a major chloride emission area in Texas and Oklahoma. Ten major brine source emission areas along the
tributaries to the Red River were identified by U.S. Public Health Service and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Eight of these
areas were deemed suitable for the control of brine emissions by structural methods including a ring dike to enclose brine
springs; low flow dams to capture and divert stream flows with high chloride content to evaporation lakes; and shallow aquifer
brine collection wells with a deep-well disposal system. Two adjacent emission areas, designated as Areas XIII and XIV, contribute
500 metric tons of salt per day to the Red River. These areas, along Jonah Creek and Salt Creek, tributaries to the Prairie
Dog Town Fork of the Red River were selected for investigation to control brine emission by utilization of shallow collection
wells and disposal by deep injection wells. Drilling programs and pumping tests were performed to determine the number and
location of shallow collection wells. Eighteen wells with 12 operating full time, will be located in the primary emission
areas. The collected brine will be conveyed through corrosion-resistant pipelines to a treatment facility for filtration at
a rate of 300 l/s. Additional pipelines will convey the filtered brine to deep injection wells for disposal. Nine deep wells
will be installed with seven operating full time. Design criteria for the project are 100-year life expectancy and automated
operation with minimum supervision and maintenance. The required minimum operating, maintenance and supervision coupled with
100-year life expectancy of the project added significantly to the estimated US $58 million capital cost of the project. However,
the reduction in annual cost for labor, repairs and replacement of the component of the system should result in a lower life
cycle cost. The estimated annual operating and maintenance cost is US $4.7 million.
Received: 5 May 1998 · Accepted: 30 June 1998 相似文献
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Guillaume Desbois Janos L. Urai Peter A. Kukla Uwe Wollenberg Fabián Pérez-Willard Zsolt Radí Sandor Riholm 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,163(1):19-31
We report observations from room temperature static recrystallization experiments (annealing times from minutes to year) of
cold-pressed, synthetic, coarse-grained, wet sodium chloride, prepared by broad ion beam polishing and SEM observations at
cryogenic temperature to observe directly the brine in grain boundaries. At all stages of annealing, the majority of the brine
in the samples is connected in 2D sections along grain boundaries. Another part of the brine is in isolated brine inclusion
arrays along grain boundaries and in brine inclusions left behind by migrating brine-filled grain boundaries. Most of these
boundaries are mobile because the aggregate is coarsening. We interpret that the boundaries without observable brine films
(<15 nm) and brine inclusion arrays are healed and immobile. Evolution of grain boundary structure involves three major processes.
First, dissolution on one side of the grain boundary and precipitation on the other side, resulting in grain boundary migration.
Second, the development of facets formed by low-index crystallographic planes of the grains bounding the grain boundary brine.
When both sides of a grain boundary are able to develop low-index facets in a thick brine film, the resulting impingement
boundary is interpreted to be immobile and may prevent the new grain from migrating into a deformed neighbor. When one side
of a faceted boundary consists of low-index crystallographic planes and the other side passively follows this faceted shape
along irrational surfaces, the boundary is mobile. Third, the healing of grain boundary brine films, producing solid–solid
grain boundaries without resolvable brine films. 相似文献
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以山东肥城海晶盐化有限公司100万t/a卤折盐采输卤工程钻井项目中H17/H18对接井为例,首先介绍了定向钻进对接技术在采卤井中的应用以及定向钻孔轨迹设计,在对地层详细勘探的基础上对定向钻孔进行可靠精确的轨迹设计是钻探施工的基础。其次,介绍了定向水平井的施工工艺。本项目关键技术是MWD无线测斜仪技术和旋转磁铁测距系统（RMRS）,以及钻进时钻井液选取和参数调控。MWD无线测斜仪技术和旋转磁铁测距系统（RMRS）可以实时测量钻进方向,进而根据工程需要调整钻进方向,保证了中靶作业成功连通。本项目施工过程中的难点及所采取的技术对策可为同类钻井施工提供借鉴和指导依据。 相似文献