共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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卫星测高在我国大地测量学中的应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
卫星测高作为空间大地测量技术的应用，是大地测量学、地球物理学和海洋学等学科交叉发展的基本技术之一。回顾了海洋卫星测高的发展历史；概述了卫星测高在大地测量学中的应用和研究成果，主要包括确定海洋大地水准面起伏和重力异常、海洋与极地环境监测、有关的海洋地球动力学现象监测和解释等方面；介绍了我国卫星测高研究现状以及发展前景 相似文献
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利用卫星测高资料换算得出的高精度、高分辨率重力资料可以广泛应用于海上区域地质构造研究。在研究卫星测高换算重力资料方法的基础上，计算了位于中国南海区域的莺歌海和琼东南盆地的重力值，增加了该海域的地球物理信息；并将计算结果与利用地球重力模型(EGM96)计算的结果进行了对比。对比结果表明，前者的分辨率明显高于后者。同时利用卫星测高换算的重力资料，对上述盆地进行了地质构造解释，确定了盆地的基本地质构造特征。研究表明，由卫星测高换算得到的重力资料研究海洋盆地是一种有效方法。 相似文献
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现代卫星测高重力异常分辨能力分析 及在海洋资源调查中应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过卫星测高重力数据与船载重力测量结果进行空间分辨率对比、海陆重力异常接图, 以及我国南黄海海域卫星测高重力对沉积盆地与隐伏构造解释的应用试验, 对现代国内外卫星测高重力数据获取与重力异常分辨能力进行了分析, 指出了现代卫星测高重力异常的精度达到4×10-5m/s2左右, 可以满足1∶100万比例尺的海洋重力调查与辅助前期资源勘查的需要, 并对卫星测高重力技术的应用提出了建议。 相似文献
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海洋卫星测高技术和海洋地形试验TOPEX卫星计划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ＴＯＰＥＸ卫星是目前精度最高的海洋测高卫星，利用ＳＬＲ技术确定的ＴＯＰＥＸ卫星轨道径向精度达到２．８ｃｍ，这使它可以有效地监测全球的海洋地形。ＴＯＰＥＸ卫星主要用于全球的海面变化和洋流研究。利用ＴＯＰＥＸ资料可以得到新的地球引力场，海洋大地水准面和海潮模型。 相似文献
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截取全球卫星重力图、重力场水平梯度图、卫星测高数据反演海洋重力异常图、岩石圈重力场和地幔重力异常, 获得中国大陆及其邻区岩石圈地球物理场特征, 揭示地球内部密度结构。简要探讨了中国大陆深层区域构造格架——系列解释之重力场格架。 相似文献
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基于卫星测高重力异常的分辨率不高且具有较强的平滑效果,很难反应出局部高频异常信息。据此需要利用蕴含高频信息、测量精度高的船测重力异常与卫星重力异常数据进行融合,并研究多源重力数据的融合方案,进而提高重力异常场的精度及高频成分。笔者设计了一种采用小波分析方法融合多源重力数据的方法流程,探讨小波函数的选取方法、高低频系数各自的融合规则等;最终融合中国南海及邻域内卫星测高重力异常与船测重力异常,并定量化地评价融合结果的精度。 相似文献
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海洋水色卫星遥感研究与进展 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
系统介绍了目前海洋水色卫星遥感在海洋碳通量、生物海洋学及上层海洋过程研究,以及海岸带环境监测与管理中的主要应用方向;分析了上述应用对水色卫星传感器在时空分辨率、光谱波段设置和空间覆盖范围等方面的具体设计要求;概括了新一代水色卫星传感器的特点;指出了水色卫星遥感资料应用中的定标、大气校正及定量反演技术等关键问题;介绍了各国海洋水色卫星遥感的发展计划,提出了我国海洋水色卫星遥感研究的对策。 相似文献
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全球海潮模型研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
阐述潮汐分析方法和建模方法,归纳总结了FES,CSR,GOT,NAO,TPXO,EOT,DTU,HAMTIDE及OSU系列全球海潮模型的建立机构、使用数据及构建方法等。对比分析2010年后出现的几种新的海潮模型(FES2012,EOT11a,DTU10和HAMTIDE11a)在南大洋的M2振幅,发现模型间差异主要集中在浅水及极地地区,其中极地地区高精度卫星测高数据的缺少及海冰的季节性变化,是导致建模精度较差的主要原因。最后对海潮模型的发展方向提出一些建议。 相似文献
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This paper looks at the relation between the time-averaged level of the sea surface and a gravimertic geoid, as determined in coastal areas. Measurements in local regions can now be accurate enough to demonstrate that the geoid and mean sea level are not even parallel to each other, let alone identical. The accuracy and pattern structure of surface gravity data in some shelf seas is comparable with those on land, so that a marine geoid can be derived from surface data without using satellite altimetry. The geodetic objective is then to combine the two to determine sea surface topography. In principle, gravimetric studies provide the absolute datum so that local oceanographic models on the shelf can be combined with sea surface topography models related to the global ocean circulation. In contrast, sea surface topography information near deep ocean coasts must come from external sources and satellite altimetry used to give the gravity data needed to offset the less good coverage by ship-borne gravimetry.Marine Bouguer anomalies enable two specific problems of gravity anomaly patterns near the continent ocean transition to be overcome. The necessary extension of Stokes' condensation reduction is developed and illustrated along a north-south profile from the Mediterranean across the Cote d'Azur. The effect on gravity of deep ocean water introduces a geoid correction in the form of a dipolar ridge whose amplitude at the shore is about 11 cm. In addition to geostrophic currents, a semi-quantitative model for the thermohaline effects on sea surface topography is discussed in relation to sea level differences between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.In considering appropriate algorithms for local geoid computation, Kirby's Iterative Fourier Combination routine for combining altimetry and surface gravity is extended to account for global sea surface topography. The impact of very fast spherical harmonic analysis algorithms is discussed and a simple physical model is given which explains the short coherence lengths found for the global gravity field. This necessary assumption for any local geoid computation was hitherto purely empirical.Finally, the use of land data such as tide gauges, ellipsoidal heights from GPS, and orthometric heights from first order levelling are reviewed as ways of corroborating geodetic estimates of sea surface topography and its relation to levelling datums. Successful examples are given from southern England. 相似文献
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Whilst satellite radar altimetry has been widely utilised over both ocean and ice surfaces for topographic mapping, applications over land have received relatively little attention. This is in part due to the complex nature of echoes returned from rapidly varying topographic land surfaces, which can cause an altimeter to generate erroneous range estimates. One approach to improving these data is to retrack using a single retracker, and construct a spatial average of heights obtained to give an estimate of mean orthometric height. This paper presents results obtained using an alternative approach: reprocessing returns at all levels of complexity through an expert system, which chooses one from a series of ten reprocessing algorithms based on an analysis of the return waveform shape. The selected algorithm then recalculates the range to surface, and hence derives an orthometric height. Utilising this approach with the geodetic mission dataset from ERS-1 has generated over 100 million height points with a near-global distribution. This paper presents selected results from this research using ERS-1 geodetic mission data together with ERS-1 and ERS-2 35 day data to demonstrate the accuracy to which orthometric heights can be determined, using global crossover analysis and comparison with ground truth. The paper illustrates applications of these data including validation and error correction of Digital Elevation Models, and discusses use and limitations of direct mapping with altimetry. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the results of a two-dimensional gravity simulation along a number of transects across the American-Antarctic Spreading System. Bathymetric data, as well as the data of gravity anomalies from satellite altimetry and data on the age of the ocean floor, were used as data. The results of a preliminary three-dimensional simulation were applied for constructing the model and for analyzing the field of complete normalized gradient. A qualitative analysis of the principal tectonosphere boundaries in individual segments of the American-Antarctic Spreading System was undertaken. 相似文献
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Trends in global and regional sea level from satellite altimetry within the framework of auto-SSA 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Habib Taibi Salem Kahlouche Mahdi Haddad Ali Rami 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4575-4584
The sea level change is a crucial indicator of our climate. The spatial sampling offered by satellite altimetry and its continuity during the last 18 years are major assets to provide an improved vision of the sea level changes. In this paper, we analyze the University of Colorado database of sea level time series to determine the trends for 18 large ocean regions by means of the automatic trend extraction approach in the framework of the singular spectrum analysis technique. Our global sea level trend estimate of 3.19 mm/year for the period from 1993 to 2010 is comparable with the 3.20-mm/year sea level rise since 1993 calculated by AVISO Altimetry. However, the trends from the different ocean regions show dissimilar patterns. The major contributions to the global sea level rise during 1993–2010 are from the Indian Ocean (3.78?±?0.08 mm/year). 相似文献
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The generation of a near-global set of orthometric height data derived from satellite altimetry has allowed for the first time an independent evaluation of the accuracy of existing Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs) on a near-global scale. This paper presents results from an intercomparison of GLOBE v1, GLOBE β and JGP95E with altimeter based datasets derived from the ERS-1 geodetic mission, together with ERS-1 and ERS-2 35 day data.One result of this research is the identification of common error signatures, where correlated height differences are seen to exist between the altimeter data and several of the DEMs. The ability to identify such erroneous ground truth data using altimetry facilitates the improvement of these global and regional models. Having targetted regions where the height data are inaccurate, it enables examination of these data for mis-registration and reference datum errors, which can then be corrected using altimetry derived heights. 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(4):401-407
Air-borne and satellite based altimetry are used to monitor the Greenland ice-cap. Since these measurements are related to fiducial sites at the coast, the robustness of the height differences depends on the stability of these reference points. To benefit from the accuracy of these methods on the centimeter level, station corrections regarding the Earth tides and the ocean tidal loading have to be applied. Models for global corrections esp. for the body tides are available and sufficient, but local corrections regarding the effect of the adjacent shelf area still have to be inferred from additional observations. Near the coast, ocean tidal loading causes additional vertical deformations in the order of 1 to 10 cm. Therefore, tidal gravity measurements were carried out at four fiducial sites around Greenland in order to provide corrections for the kinematic part of the coordinates of these sites. Starting in 1993 four stations were occupied on Greenland for a one year record each.The results show the expected strong tidal anomalies due to ocean tidal loading. The loading computations confirmed these observations, but it turned out that with global models only about 50 % of the observed effect can be explained. This means that at these stations a vertical deformation of up to ± 3.5 cm is not corrected applying these global models. 相似文献
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Stephanie A. Higgins 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(3):587-600
Most of the world’s major river deltas are sinking relative to local sea level. The effects of subsidence can include aquifer salinization, infrastructure damage, increased vulnerability to flooding and storm surges, and permanent inundation of low-lying land. Consequently, determining the relative importance of natural vs. anthropogenic pressures in driving delta subsidence is a topic of ongoing research. This article presents a review of knowledge with respect to delta surface-elevation loss. The field is rapidly advancing due to applications of space-based techniques: InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar), GPS (global positioning system), and satellite ocean altimetry. These techniques have shed new light on a variety of subsidence processes, including tectonics, isostatic adjustment, and the spatial and temporal variability of sediment compaction. They also confirm that subsidence associated with fluid extraction can outpace sea-level rise by up to two orders of magnitude, resulting in effective sea-level rise that is one-hundred times faster than the global average rate. In coming years, space-based and airborne instruments will be critical in providing near-real-time monitoring to facilitate management decisions in sinking deltas. However, ground-based observations continue to be necessary for generating complete measurements of surface-elevation change. Numerical modeling should seek to simulate couplings between subsidence processes for greater predictive power. 相似文献