共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
基于Fluent气固两相流,运用 湍流模型,对风沙环境下沙漠路基的风蚀破坏规律进行数值模拟研究。分析路基不同横断面下风沙流扰动、增速、减速、恢复的过程,以及路基障碍物的存在对风沙流扰动后造成的风速减弱区和恢复区,总结路基坡面特征点的风速变化规律,与现场实测结果作比较,二者具有很好的一致性。研究结果表明,不同路基横断面下风速减弱区和恢复区的分布对路基高度变化敏感,受边坡坡率的影响较小,不同路基高度、不同边坡坡率下路基沿程风速变化明显不同。边坡坡率一定,随路基高度的增加,路基周围流场扰动被增强,迎风坡坡顶风速增大显著,背风坡坡底风速下降愈明显;路基高度一定时,边坡坡率越小,路基沿程风速变化越平缓。当边坡坡率为1:3时,路基模型高度由1m增加到3 m时,迎风坡坡顶风速增加12%,背风坡坡底风速降低约80%。建议为避免沙漠路基的风蚀破坏,路基高度不宜太大,边坡坡率较小为宜。 相似文献
2.
沙漠公路风蚀破坏规律的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过Fluent软件对沙漠公路的风蚀破坏规律进行数值模拟研究。分析公路不同横断面时风沙流扰动、增速、减速、恢复的过程,确定路基(堑)高度、边坡坡率和路面宽度等公路断面设计参数对风沙流扰动的影响,提出沙漠公路路基(堑)风蚀破坏规律。结果表明：路面宽度的改变对路基沿程风速变化影响较小,各特征点处风速变化小于5%。路基(堑)高度和边坡坡率对风沙流扰动的影响较大。随路基(堑)高度增加,风沙流流场的扰动被增强,路基(堑)风蚀破坏越显著,当边坡坡率为1:1时,路基模型高度250 mm时的迎风路肩风速为模型高度60 mm时的 1.15倍,其背风坡脚风速降低45%;路堑模型高度250 mm时的背风堑顶风速为模型高度60 mm时的1.05倍,迎风堑脚处风速降低高达80%。建议沙漠公路宜采用中低路基(堑),不宜高填深挖。当路基(堑)高度一定,边坡坡率为1:1.75或1:2时,路基(堑)沿程风速变化平缓,沙漠路肩不易被吹蚀破坏;路堑中堑脚位置处不易出现堆积。其结论与室内风蚀风洞试验结果有很好的一致性 相似文献
3.
风流场对于局地条件下地-气能量交换过程与强度影响显著,同时也是多年冻土区对流调控类冷却路基的关键环境边界。结合现场监测与数值模拟,对高海拔冻土路基周边风流场进行特征区划研究并考察路基高度的影响。结果表明：坡前扰动区为低风速区,3 m路基高度条件下迎风坡坡脚0.5~2.0 m高度范围内风速约为环境风速的30%。路基上部为高风速区,迎风坡路肩风速明显大于环境、路面中部及背风坡风速。背风坡坡后扰动区为低风速区,靠近坡脚区域受气流辐散效应作用形成涡旋区,整体风速仅为环境风速的30%。涡旋区水平范围随路基高度增加呈线性增加,3 m路基高度条件下涡旋区水平范围约为12 m。分离式路基即两幅路基并行条件下,受前幅路基影响后幅路基坡前风速下降明显,以两幅路基坡前风速差值不超过环境风速的10%（0.35 m·s-1）为标准,3 m路基高度条件下两幅路基最小间距为60 m。因此,在路基工程的修建过程中为减少路基间的遮挡所造成的两幅路基间的对流换热强度差异,分离式对流换热类冷却路基的现场修建间距应不低于60 m。 相似文献
4.
风蚀坑是沙质草原沙漠化的主要地貌响应和驱动,但目前我们对其形成演化的动力机制知之甚少。利用二维超声风速仪和积沙仪观测了共和盆地不同发育阶段风蚀坑表面气流和风沙流特征,研究其形态—动力反馈过程。结果表明:(1)风蚀斑与碗状坑内气流沿主风向先减速后加速,槽形坑内气流则先辐散减速—中部气流加速—积沙体迎风坡风速降低—背风坡风速有所恢复;且发育初期风蚀坑内风速与风速变异系数和风向稳定系数均呈负相关,而发育中期坑内风速与前者呈正相关,与后者呈负相关。(2)受坑体内的涡流影响,槽形坑内风速廓线不符合对数分布规律。(3)槽形坑内不同部位的输沙率随高度均呈指数式递减,但受气流—形态间的反馈作用,各部位输沙通量差异明显,坑底最低、积沙体迎风坡前端最大。风蚀坑内气流场与形态间存在反馈关系,坑体越大反馈效果越明显。 相似文献
5.
针对干旱半干旱地区分布的黄土,利用室内路基模型通过冲刷试验,研究路基降雨冲刷破坏的过程,并利用PFC进行流-固耦合模拟,旨在研究黄土路基遭受水流侵蚀的坡面冲刷规律,找出适用路基抗雨水冲刷稳定性的边坡坡率。路基模型的边坡坡率为1∶0.50、1∶0.70、1∶1.00、1∶1.50、1∶1.75五个等级,模拟的降雨强度按4.0 mm/min、5.0 mm/min、7.0 mm/min、8.5 mm/min、10.0 mm/min五个等级,降雨历时30 min,进行室内降雨冲刷试验和PFC颗粒流模拟试验。获得不同降雨强度和边坡坡率条件下,降雨0 min、1 min、10 min、20 min、30 min的室内降雨冲刷坡面性状图片和PFC软件模拟的颗粒位移量,降雨30 min后坡面冲蚀的泥沙量。结果表明,不同的边坡坡率、降雨强度、降雨历时影响路基边坡坡面的冲刷量,适宜干旱半干旱地区黄土路基边坡坡率为1∶1.50~1∶1.75。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原公路路基周边风场特征风洞实验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
路基高度是影响冻土路基工程热力稳定性的一个重要指标。同时,不同高度的路基对其周边风场的扰动也将不同,进而影响到局地的地-气能量交换过程。为揭示不同高度路基对其周边风场特征的影响规律及程度,基于风洞实验,研究了3种环境风速条件下青藏高原典型高度公路路基周边风场分布特征,并进行了量化分区。结果表明：路基坡前为流场减速区,不同高度情况下路基坡前减速区水平范围差异显著。10 m·s-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高路基坡前减速区水平范围约为1.8、2.2和2.5倍路基高度（H）。在路基坡前减速区0.3~1.1 m高度范围内,随环境风速增加,同一水平高度流场在靠近路基过程中风速的变化率呈下降趋势。路基上部为流场加速区,路肩处风速增长幅度与路基高度呈正相关。路基坡后为低速回流区,路基高度越大,低速回流区水平范围越大,10 m·s-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高度路基坡后低速回流区水平范围分别约为2.0H、3.0H和4.1H。低速回流区后,流场逐渐恢复到初始运动状态,其消散恢复区水平范围与环境风速密切相关,但与路基高度关系不显著,10 m·s-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高度路基坡后消散恢复区水平范围均约为9.8H。通过考虑路基高度对其周边风场分布的影响,可为块石、通风管、热管等冻土路基结构的设计和布局优化提供参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
循环荷载作用下边坡岩土体容易产生变形破坏,边坡各部位的破坏方式存在不同。基于数值模拟技术,建立2个不同高度的边坡模型,分析了坡肩处质点分别在10Hz垂向压缩和水平剪切循环荷载作用下的运动轨迹特征,并依据物体受力运动与变形之间的关系确定了坡肩潜在的破坏方式。研究表明: 2种加载方式下坡肩质点的运动轨迹均呈椭圆形,加载方式和坡高对坡肩质点的运动轨迹及边坡的潜在破坏方式都有一定影响。低边坡坡肩质点在垂向压缩循环荷载下主要表现为垂向振动,该处岩体发生拉破坏的可能性大; 在水平剪切循环作用下该质点主要表现为水平向振动,坡肩岩体发生剪破坏的可能性大。对高边坡而言,坡肩质点水平向与垂直向的振动幅值之差较低边坡坡肩质点的明显小,说明高边坡坡肩在这2种循环荷载最有可能产生拉剪破坏。 相似文献
9.
库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面粒度特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘特征断面上下层（0~5cm、5~10cm）沉积物采样分析结果表明,沙丘粒径与分选参数及其分布随沙丘形态、发育程度和植被生长状况发生变化。抛物线形沙丘丘体迎风坡下凹背风坡上凸,丘顶始终处于侵蚀亚环境。在顺风向断面,平均粒径从迎风坡脚到丘顶变粗,从丘顶到背风坡脚又变细,且这种变化在高大沙丘上更为明显;分选性在迎风坡为中等和较好,丘顶较差,顺风向到背风坡脚逐渐由中等变为较好;粒径频率曲线在丘顶双峰正偏,除迎风坡脚单峰正偏外,其余部位均单峰近对称。在垂直于风向的两翼断面,平均粒径在成熟沙丘由翼顶向两侧坡脚趋于变细,而在欠成熟沙丘无明显的变化趋势。翼间平地沉积物受植被等影响,平均粒径偏细但分选性差,偏度为正偏和极正偏,峰度为尖锐和非常尖锐。受不同时期风况的影响,成熟抛物线形沙丘上下层粒度参数在沙丘断面的分布较欠成熟沙丘一致。 相似文献
10.
古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮对地表风蚀作用影响的风洞实验 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
古尔班通古特沙漠4种类型生物结皮的风洞实验表明, 其对地表风蚀影响甚大, 且随结皮类型及其破损度不同而呈明显的变化. 在25～30 m·s-1的风速下, 未经扰动的4类生物结皮均未发现沙粒起动和地表风蚀现象. 相同破损率条件下, 起动风速以苔藓结皮最大、 地衣结皮次之、 藻结皮和藻类地衣结皮最小. 裸沙面在8.42 m·s-1的起沙风作用下, 风蚀强度为0.09 g·m-2·s-1, 25 m*s-1时为1214.82 g·m-2·s-1. 在同等风速吹蚀下, 4类结皮的风蚀率最大不超过裸沙面的8.95%. 随着破损率的增大和风速的加强, 风蚀强度显著增大. 在数量级和变化趋势上以苔藓和地衣结皮相似, 变化于0～23.67 g·m-2·s-1之间; 藻结皮和藻类地衣结皮相近, 变化于0～69.00 g·m-2·min-1之间. 根据该沙漠的风能环境分析和风洞实验结果, 为了不致产生风蚀, 人类放牧等经济活动应以不造成30%以上的地表结皮破损为宜, 特别是在春夏两季的强风盛行期更要谨慎处之. 相似文献
11.
Wind tunnel experiments were carried out with respect to the vertical distributions of wind-blown sand flux and the processes
of aeolian erosion and deposition under different wind velocities and sand supplies above beds with different gravel coverage.
Preliminary results revealed that the vertical distribution of wind-blown sand flux was a way to determine whether the gobi
sand stream was the saturated one or not. It had different significances to indicate characteristics of transport and deposition
above gobi beds. Whether bed processes are of aeolian erosion or deposition was determined by the sand stream near the surface,
especially within 0–6 cm height, while the sand transport was mainly influenced by the sand stream in the saltating layer
above the height of 6 cm. The degree of the abundance of sand supply was one of the important factors to determine the saturation
level of sand stream, which influenced the characteristic of aeolian erosion and deposition on gravel beds. Given the similar
wind condition, the sand transport rates controlled by the saturated flow were between 2 and 8 times of the unsaturated one.
Those bed processes controlled by the saturated flow were mainly of deposition, and the amount of sand accumulation increased
largely as the wind speed increased. In contrast, the bed processes controlled by the unsaturated flow were mainly of aeolian
erosion. Meanwhile, there was an obvious blocking sand ability within the height of 0–2 cm, and the maximal value of sand
transport occurred within the surface of 2–5 cm height. 相似文献
12.
Zhizhong Li Shengli Wu Janis Dale Lin Ge Mudan He Xiaofeng Wang Jianhui Jin Rong Ma Jinwei Liu Wanjuan Li 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(3):333-339
A nabkha is a vegetated sand mound, which is typical of the aeolian landforms found in the Hotan River basin in Xinjiang,
China. This paper compares the results of a series of wind tunnel experiments with an on-site field survey of nabkhas in the
Hotan River basin of Xinjiang. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on semi-spherical and conical sand mounds without vegetation
or shadow dunes. Field mounds were 40 times as large as the size of the wind tunnel models. In the wind tunnel experiments,
five different velocities from 6 to 14 m/s were selected and used to model the wind flow pattern over individual sand mound
using clean air without additional sand. Changes in the flow pattern at different wind speeds resulted in changes to the characteristic
structure of the nabkha surface. The results of the experiments for the semi-spherical sand mound at all wind velocities show
the formation of a vortex at the bottom of the upwind side of the mound that resulted in scouring and deposition of a crescentic
dune upwind of the main mound. The top part of the sand mound is strongly eroded. In the field, these dunes exhibited the
same scouring and crescentic dune formation and the eroded upper surface was often topped by a layer of peat within the mound
suggesting destroyed vegetation due to river channel migration or by possible anthropogenic forces such as fuel gathering,
etc. Experiments for the conical mounds exhibit only a small increase in velocity on the upwind side of the mound and no formation
of a vortex at the bottom of the upwind side. Instead, a vortex formed on the leeward side of the mound and overall, no change
occurred in the shape of the conical mound. In the field, conical mounds have no crescentic dunes on the upwind side and no
erosion at the top exposed below peat beds. Therefore, the field and laboratory experiments show that semi-spherical and conical
sand mounds respond differently to similar wind conditions with different surface configuration and development of crescent-shaped
upwind deposits when using air devoid of additional sediment.
__________
Translated from Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(1): 9–14 [译自:中国沙漠] 相似文献
13.
陶鄂铁路路基填料主要采用风积沙,风积沙路基边坡在雨后极易遭到冲刷破坏。在分析边坡冲刷影响因素和冲刷破坏形成过程的基础上,本文重点对陶鄂铁路路基坡面防冲刷防护原则进行研究,针对不同的路基填筑高度,分别采用混凝土预制板、树枝沙障、混凝土六棱空心砖、骨架护坡等防护形式,可有效减少路基冲刷破坏,满足疏排水要求。 相似文献
14.
中国的沙漠和沙地部分或全部分布在季节冻土区， 研究沙丘的冻融过程是讨论季节冻结期间沙丘风蚀和形态演变规律的条件之一。以宁夏河东沙地流动沙丘和沙障固定沙丘为研究对象， 通过野外观测和室内控制实验， 分析了沙丘的冻融过程及其控制因素。结果显示： 沙丘的冻结期在11月中旬至3月上旬， 流动沙丘各地貌部位的冻结时长和冻结层厚度均存在较大差异（背风坡面>迎风坡面>丘顶）， 背风坡脚的冻深最大。在季节冻结期内沙丘表层始终不发生冻结， 未冻层厚度的阈值约为10 cm且具有保护冻结层的作用， 流动沙丘迎风坡中在未冻层风蚀后， 地表冻结层融化再被风蚀， 如此循环过程造成其冻结层厚度远小于沙障固定沙丘的冻结层厚度。流动沙丘丘顶和背风坡面的冻结层厚度分别受短时（32 h）和较长历时（15 d）平均气温的影响。野外观测和室内控制实验均证明水分含量低于1.6%的沙丘沙不发生冻结， 冻结层硬度随含水率的增加呈幂函数递增（P<0.001）， 随温度降低呈缓慢递增。 相似文献
15.
黄河中游岩土侵蚀问题及防治对策探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河中游出露地层岩性主要有古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩、石炭系和二叠系碎屑岩;中生界三叠系砂泥岩、侏罗系砂泥岩和白垩系砂泥岩;新生界古近系砂泥岩、新近系(原为第三系)红土及第四系风积黄土和现代风积沙。第四系黄土厚度大,结构松散,遇水易解体,具湿陷性,是黄河中游粗泥砂的主要物源;第四系风积沙分布于黄河中游北部,亦是黄河中游粗泥砂的主要物源。岩土侵蚀类型有五:一是风力侵蚀—风沙侵蚀;二是降雨对谷坡面的面状冲刷—坡面侵蚀;三是地表径流对谷底的侧蚀—沟谷侵蚀;四是滑塌对谷坡坡体的破坏—重力侵蚀;五是潜蚀。并对不同侵蚀类型提出了不同的防治对策。 相似文献
16.
On the effect of moisture bonding forces in air-dry soils on threshold friction velocity of wind erosion 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
SUJITH RAVI TED M. ZOBECK† THOMAS M. OVER‡ GREGORY S. OKIN PAOLO D'ODORICO 《Sedimentology》2006,53(3):597-609
Wind erosion is a dominant geomorphological process in arid and semi-arid regions with major impacts on regional climate and desertification. The erosion process occurs when the wind speed exceeds a certain threshold value, which depends on a number of factors including surface soil moisture. The understanding and modelling of aeolian erosion requires a better understanding of the soil erodibility associated with different moisture conditions. In arid regions during the dry season, the atmospheric humidity plays an important role in determining the surface moisture content and the threshold shear velocity. By a series of wind tunnel tests and theoretical analyses, this dependence of threshold velocity on near surface air humidity is shown for three soils of different textures: sand, sandy loam, and clay loam. The results show that the threshold shear velocity decreases with increasing values of relative humidity for values of relative humidity between about 40% and 65%, while above and below this range the threshold shear velocity increases with air humidity. A theoretical framework is developed to explain these dependencies assuming an equilibrium between the surface soil moisture and the humidity of the overlying atmosphere. The conditions under which soil-atmosphere equilibrium occurs were tested experimentally in the laboratory for different soils in order to determine the effect of grain surface area and texture on the time required to reach equilibrium starting from different initial conditions. 相似文献
17.
Review and Prospect of the Study on Soil Wind Erosion Process 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Soil wind erosion processes include mechanical process and dynamic changes of the factors affecting soil wind erosion, as well as the corresponding changes of wind erosion rate. The former is rich in experimental and theoretical researches that have clearly defined the process of particle starting, transporting and settling. The latter focuses on the dynamic changes of various wind erosion factors and the response of soil wind erosion rate to the change of the factors, of which systematic research of which is very limited. The difficulties in research of soil wind erosion process include: ①Dynamic parameterization of wind erosion factors; ②Observation and quantitative expression of the dynamic changes of wind erosion factors; ③Scaling problem of wind erosion process; ④Prediction ability of wind erosion models. At present, it is urgent to carry out the following work on soil wind erosion. The first is to establish standard wind erosion observation field in typical regions to obtain continuous and complete data of wind erosion in the field; the second is to study the saturation path of wind sand flow to solve scale problem; and the third is to construct a wind erosion model with solid theoretical foundation and fully consider both mechanical process of soil wind erosion and dynamic changes of the factors. 相似文献