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1.
藏东八宿地区朱村组火山岩地球化学、同位素年代学及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藏东八宿县城西南出露一套由中酸性火山碎屑岩及熔岩组成的火山岩地层体,研究程度不高,报道较少,时代争论较大,构造意义不明确,称之为朱村组。在朱村组获得角闪英安岩锆石SHRIMP U－Pb年龄为128Ma±2Ma,将朱村组的时代厘定为早白垩世。地球化学特征反映朱村组火山岩形成于怒江洋壳向冈底斯－念青唐古拉板块俯冲、消减的火山弧环境,是伯舒拉岭火山岩浆弧的组成部分,与伯舒拉岭早白垩世花岗闪长岩应为同源不同相的产物,并认为藏东地区班公湖－怒江缝合带的闭合在早白垩世晚期已经完成。 相似文献
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福建漳州角美花岗岩与闪长质包体的岩石成因及意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文选择福建沿海漳州地区的角美花岗岩和包体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩(106.4±1.8Ma)和岩体中的闪长质包体(105.6±1.0Ma 和106.5±1.0Ma)具有相同的锆石U-Pb年龄,为同期岩浆作用的产物,它们都是高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。花岗闪长岩具有相对较为均一的锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=2.2~3.7),表明其为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。闪长质包体具有更亏损的锆石Hf组成(εHf(t)=0.9~5.5)。地球化学数据结合野外证据表明岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。福建沿海地区96~106Ma岩浆作用的发育处于古太平洋板片俯冲造成的伸展背景。 相似文献
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西藏波密花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
波密岩体位于西藏东南部,处于班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂岩带与印度河-雅鲁藏布蛇绿混杂岩带之间,整体呈NW向延伸,面积约29km2。本文对波密花岗岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究。结果显示,波密岩体主要以黑云母石英闪长岩与黑云母花岗闪长岩为主,两个花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为113.1±2.3Ma和113.4±2.1Ma。花岗岩类SiO2介于64.11%~66.63%,K2O+Na2O=6.36%~7.54%,全碱含量较高,属于高钾钙碱系列。稀土元素含量为114.9×10-6~182.8×10-6,分配曲线均呈右倾趋势。另外,A/CNK为0.80~0.95,波密岩体有高K,高Si,低P的特点,大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)富集,高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)亏损,属于偏铝质I型花岗岩。2件样品37个测点的锆石εHf(t)值不均一,几乎全为负值(-13.72~-0.08),反映岩浆可能源于古老地壳;地壳模式年龄(tDMC)集中于891~2047Ma之间。综合分析波密岩体地球化学及锆石年龄数据,均与中冈底斯及弧背断隆带中早白垩世的岩体特征相似。因此本文推断波密岩体的成因为中冈底斯早白垩世带状岩浆大爆发事件在东部的延续。 相似文献
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铅锌矿是西藏特色优势矿种之一,主要发育在冈底斯-念青唐古拉成矿带。班公湖-怒江成矿带虽与冈底斯-念青唐古拉成矿带南北相邻,但在铅锌找矿方面始终没有突破。近年来,班公湖-怒江成矿带铜多金属矿资源基地调查工作取得重要进展,其中,在班戈岩浆弧的外围发现了长给铅锌矿床。长给铅锌矿成矿类型为矽卡岩型,铅锌矿体赋存于石榴子石矽卡岩和石榴子石透辉石矽卡岩中,成矿作用可划分为矽卡岩、退化蚀变、石英-硫化物和方解石-硫化物4个阶段。矿石硫化物的S同位素在-2.5‰~+2.6‰之间,反映成矿物质来源与岩浆作用有关。与长给铅锌成矿事件有密切关系的花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为（139.38±0.48）Ma（MSWD=0.41,n=25）,与班戈岩浆弧早期活动一致,暗示成岩成矿与班公湖-怒江成矿带南缘早白垩世洋壳俯冲事件有关。在区域找矿方面,班公湖-怒江成矿带中段中生代存在中-晚侏罗世、早白垩世早期、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世4期成矿作用,可能保存与班公湖-怒江洋壳俯冲有关的成矿系统。在矿区预测方面,判断长给矿床岩浆与围岩发生了较强烈的物质交换,成矿流体充足,且远端的矽卡岩尚未发现,建议下一步勘探工作仍以铅锌为主攻矿种,有望取得找矿新发现。 相似文献
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北冈底斯带日土县-拉梅拉山口花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb测年及Hf同位素组成 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对西藏西部日土县城以南-拉梅拉山口一带的花岗岩体开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究。所有样品铝饱和指数A/CNK集中在0.76~1.0之间,为准铝质类型。CIPW标准矿物组合为Q+Or+Ab+An+Di（或C）+Hy。在稀土元素配分图中呈现出右倾缓倾斜型的特征,轻稀土元素富集并出现较强的分馏作用,重稀土元素无分馏-轻微分馏。δEu在0.56~0.99范围之间,属于铕亏损型。大离子亲石元素出现分化,富集Rb、Pb、Th而亏损K、Ba,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等明显亏损。获得钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩中岩浆结晶锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为：79.4±0.4Ma、 81.0±0.5Ma和81.3±0.5Ma,结合锆石稀土元素和岩浆振荡环带特征及Th/U比值,上述年龄结果可代表岩石的结晶年龄,表明该套岩体为晚白垩世侵位的大型岩基。两件样品的锆石均具有正的Hf同位素初始比值εHf（t）,两阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM2）分别介于547.5~658.0Ma、523.4~710.2Ma之间。分析认为该套岩体的物质来源应该为富角闪石的下地壳,可能为幔源岩浆首先侵入到地壳基底岩石中形成新生地壳,然后在温度约为700~800℃之间、压力<8kbar且富含流体的影响下,这种既有新生地壳又有古老基底地壳构成的混合地壳发生部分熔融而形成。这一结论与野外宏观露头上岩体中大量发育暗色微粒包体等直接岩石学证据相佐证。结合区域构造演化及岩体所处的大地构造位置,该套花岗岩体应该形成于洋壳闭合时的碰撞造山过程,其形成与侵位与北侧班公湖-怒江结合带的构造演化有成因上的联系,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向南的俯冲碰撞的产物。 相似文献
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依连哈比尔尕山石炭纪侵入岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年及其地质意义 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
博罗科努石炭纪侵入岩为一巨大的岩基,主体岩性为闪长岩,边部发育石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩、斑状花岗岩等,属富含角闪石强-中等钙碱性系列.该岩体的形成主要与板块的俯冲作用有关.在闪长岩中获得锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为308.2Ma±5.4Ma.岩体侵入最新地层为下石炭统大哈拉军山组,为石炭纪活动陆缘火山岩的深成组分,它们共同组成该区的陆缘型岩浆弧,从而说明该区在晚古生代存在古板块的俯冲作用. 相似文献
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皖南旌德花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的成因: 地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素制约 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
旌德复式岩体位于安徽南部,主体相花岗闪长岩中发育暗色包体。本文对花岗闪长岩与暗色包体进行了岩相学观察、全岩主微量元素分析、锆石U-Pb定年与Hf同位素测试。岩相学观察发现暗色包体为典型岩浆岩结构,且发育针状磷灰石。主量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩的SiO2含量为66.04%~67.80%;暗色包体的SiO2含量为54.63%~54.77%,为二长闪长岩。花岗闪长岩的Mg#=38~40;暗色包体的Mg#=44~45。微量元素分析数据表明花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的REE球粒陨石标准化图呈右倾型,Eu负异常;大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损。锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素研究表明,花岗闪长岩与暗色包体的年龄分别为139.7±1.3Ma和142.3±1.7Ma,在误差范围内一致。花岗闪长岩锆石的εHf(t)为-2.5~0.4,地壳模式年龄(tDMC)为1170~1350Ma;暗色包体锆石的εHf(t)为-5.2~1.8,地壳模式年龄(tDMC)为1090~1530Ma。两者的tDMC峰值都在1.2~1.3Ga。这些数据表明花岗闪长岩中的暗色包体为同源岩浆混合成因,源区为年轻地壳,有可能为中新元古代古华南洋壳俯冲扬子板块形成的火山岛弧。旌德花岗闪长岩在Pearce et al.(1984)的构造判别图上落在岛弧花岗岩区。在Sr/Y-Y图解上落在经典岛弧岩浆岩区。花岗闪长岩的岩浆Zr饱和温度低(630~680℃),与锆石钛温度计(630~720℃)给出的结果基本一致。锆石的Ce(Ⅳ)/Ce(Ⅲ)高(240~530),指示岩浆具有高的氧逸度。旌德岩体的低温与高氧逸度特征说明岩体的源区物质受到过洋壳俯冲的影响。旌德岩体的成因可能与太平洋板块后撤诱发的地壳部分熔融有关。 相似文献
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西藏措勤尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿侵入岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石 U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
本文分析了尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿与成矿相关的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩主量元素、微量元素并对其进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。结果显示,岩石富硅(SiO2平均分别66.76%和70.98%)、富碱(ALK平均为6.28%和7.70%),铝饱和指数均小于1.1,属中高K钙碱性I型花岗岩。两者具相似的稀土元素球粒陨石标配分模式图和微量元素原始地幔蛛网图,∑REE较低(∑REE分别是 130.6×10-6和134.3×10-6),弱Eu负异常(δEu分别为0.84和0.88),弱-中等轻重稀土分馏,(La/Yb)N分别平均8.07和6.72。 Rb、Pb、Th等大离子亲石元素和稀土元素富集,Ba和U、Nb、Ta、P 、Ti等高场强元素亏损,显示弧岩浆作用特点,指示岩石形成于弧后伸展环境,岩浆源区具壳幔混源的特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩分别形成于113.6±1.2Ma和112.6±1.6Ma,属早白垩世晚期岩浆活动产物。结合区域地质资料,认为滚纠铁矿与成矿相关的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩因班公湖-怒江洋壳向南俯冲,并于~113Ma发生冈底斯陆壳和羌塘陆壳对接,已俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳发生板片回转,导软流圈地幔流体上涌,其所带来的巨大热能引发岩石圈地幔和上覆地壳发生部分熔融,形成以壳源为主的壳幔混源岩浆,在弧后拉张环境下上侵形成。 相似文献
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继尼雄、弗野、材玛等铁矿床的发现之后,新一轮1：5万区域地质调查又在班公湖-怒江成矿带西段乌鲁穷地区发现了较大规模的含铜磁铁矿矿床。野外路线调查、剖面实测和大比例尺填图表明,乌鲁穷磁铁矿形成于南羌塘南缘中-晚侏罗世中酸性岩体与上三叠统日干配错群二组（T3R2）碳酸盐岩外接触带中,矿体受后期近南北向高角度正断层改造,成矿作用表现出多期次、多阶段特征。通过对矿体邻近的石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和控矿断层中同构造碳酸盐脉进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩成岩年龄分别为：（161.3±0.72）Ma、（157.5±1.7）Ma,并获得同构造碳酸盐脉热液锆石年龄为（84.2±1.1）Ma。结合前人研究和1：5万地质调查成果,认为乌鲁穷含铜磁铁矿在中-晚侏罗世（157.5~161.3 Ma）班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲过程中初步富集成矿,形成矽卡岩型含铜磁铁矿矿床,矿体在晚白垩世（84.2 Ma）陆内伸展过程中再次富集;提出班公湖地区在晚白垩世中期存在一期横跨缝合带的陆内伸展成矿事件,成矿作用与班公湖-怒江洋闭合后地幔软流圈底辟及其相关的地壳线性热隆伸展是一个机理关联的系统。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献