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1.
念青唐古拉山羊八井附近古仁河口冰川的变化   总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1  
利用GPS测量冰川不同时期的相关位置,结合地形图和航空照片的分析,在2004-2006年连续监测了念青唐古拉山羊八井古仁河口冰川的变化.结果表明:自小冰期以来,古仁河口冰川表现出较强的退缩状态,小冰期最盛期冰川末端海拔比现在降低100 m;小冰期后期到1970年,冰川末端退缩幅度约为7.0 m.a-1,1970-2004年平均退缩幅度为8.3 m.a-1.观测得到2004-2005年的平均退缩量约9.5 m.a-1,2005-2006年的平均退缩量为17.0 m.a-1.古仁河口冰川变化的现状,显示出冰川退缩幅度呈增大趋势.这预示着在全球气候变暖影响下,羊八井地区的冰川消融在逐渐增大,冰川水资源锐减,由此引起冰川面积的缩小.  相似文献   

2.
普若岗日冰原及其小冰期以来的冰川变化   总被引:13,自引:26,他引:13  
普若岗日是藏北高原最大的由数个冰帽型冰川组合成的大冰原. 冰川覆盖面积422 58 km2, 冰储量为525153 km3. 冰川雪线海拔5 620~5 860 m. 冰原呈辐射状向周围微切割的宽浅山谷溢出50多条长短不等的冰舌, 最大的可伸至山麓地带, 形成宽尾状冰舌. 在一些下伸较低的冰舌段, 形成有许多冰塔林, 以雄伟壮观的连座冰塔林和雏形冰塔林为主. 在东南部一些冰舌段雏形冰塔林的上部, 分布着奇特的新月型雪冰丘和链状排列有序的雪冰丘. 小冰期以来, 普若岗日的冰川呈退缩趋势. 环绕冰舌分布的冰碛序列, 在北部和东南部普遍可区分出3道. 对比研究认为, 分别属于小冰期3次寒冷期冰进的遗迹. 而西部小冰期冰川作用的范围较小. 按小冰期最盛时的规模量测当时的冰川面积, 和现在相比该时段内冰川面积减少了2420 km2, 当时冰川面积比现在大57%. 由此引起的冰川资源的减少为36583 km3, 相当于36583×108 m3的水量. 在普若岗日西侧, 小冰期后期至2 0世纪70年代, 冰川退缩了20 m; 70年代至90年代末, 冰川退缩了40~50 m; 平均15 ~19 m*a-1; 1999年9月至2000年10月, 退缩4~5 m. 明显反映出逐渐加剧的变化趋势 . 和其它地区相比较, 普若岗日冰原变化比较小, 表现出比较稳定的状态.  相似文献   

3.
1970-2000年念青唐古拉山脉西段冰川变化   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
运用多光谱遥感资料监测冰川变化已成为冰川研究的有效数据源,分析了念青唐古拉山脉西段念青唐古拉山峰区1970年冰川及Landsat ETM (2000)解译的冰川分布.结果显示,念青唐古拉山峰区共有870条冰川,30 a来冰川面积减小了5.7%,冰储量减少了7%;其中,冰川面积1~5 km2的冰川退缩的贡献最大,占总面积退缩量的56.7%.念青唐古拉山东南坡与西北坡的退缩幅度稍有不同,东南坡冰川面积减少了5.2%,西北坡冰川面积减少了6.9%.西北坡的拉弄冰川长度减少了(305±36) m,年退缩率为(10.2±1.2)m·a-1,面积退缩为2.6%.当雄气象站的资料表明,冰川退缩主要受温度持续上升的影响,尤其是1985年以来的温度快速上升的影响.对处于西北坡冰川体积变化分析表明,冰川体积减少可能是导致纳木错湖水位上升、水量增加的重要因素.  相似文献   

4.
希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测   总被引:12,自引:9,他引:12  
车涛  李新  P K Mool  许建初 《冰川冻土》2005,27(6):801-805
1977-2003年的遥感影像显示, 希夏邦马峰东坡的冰川在迅速退缩, 而其相应的冰川湖泊在迅速增大. 南部的吉葱普冰川每年的退缩速度57 099 m2, 冰舌退缩48 m·a-1, 相应的卢姆池米冰湖面积增加速度大约为79 048 m2·a-1; 北面的热强冰川退缩速度在63 224 m2·a-1, 冰舌退缩71 m*a-1, 相应的扛西错冰湖面积增加约73 425 m2·a-1. 从这两个冰湖的类型和变化分析, 认为其具有发生冰川湖泊溃决洪水的潜在危险.  相似文献   

5.
黄河上游阿尼玛卿山区冰川波动与气候变化   总被引:19,自引:13,他引:19  
以黄河上游阿尼玛卿山的冰川为研究对象, 通过应用航空相片、卫星遥感影像、地形图和数字高程模型(DEM), 分析了末次冰盛期、小冰期、自1966年及2000年的冰川范围及变化情况. 结果表明, 末次冰盛期的冰川范围是现代冰川的3.1倍; 小冰期以来, 冰川已经开始退缩, 尤其在1966-2000年期间退缩有加速趋势. 介绍了一种提取冰川雪线高度的方法, 并根据现代气候数据, 探讨了研究时段雪线高度上的夏季平均气温变化趋势. 结果表明, 末次冰盛期时, 雪线下降了420 m左右, 相应的夏季平均气温比现代低1.9 ℃, 小冰期盛时夏季平均气温比现代低0.6 ℃.  相似文献   

6.
俄罗斯图瓦共和国境内的蒙贡-台加山是位于亚洲中心的一个独立的冰川作用中心。现代冰川共36条,总面积27.8km2,主要受西风环流及地方性环流的降水补给,具有亚大陆型冰川的特征。小冰期最盛期以来,冰川面积减少49.3%。近150年来,冰川面积和长度继续减少,末端及雪线高度升高。近30年来,冰川退缩速度加快,冰川物质平衡有10年左右的波动变化,目前处于负平衡状态。但1992-1993年两条山谷冰川突然前进。对比亚洲中部其它山系,发现本区冰川动态变化独特,说明不同地区冰川对于全球性气候的响应过程比较复杂。  相似文献   

7.
1980-2015年青藏高原东南部岗日嘎布山冰川变化的遥感监测   总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2  
基于地形图、航空摄影相片和Landsat OLI遥感影像,对青藏高原东南部岗日嘎布山1980-2015年问的冰川变化进行了研究.结果表明:1980-2015年,岗日嘎布山冰川面积减少679.50 km2(-24.91%),年平均面积退缩率为0.71%·a-,末端海拔平均抬升了111 m.研究区范围内有10条冰川处于前进状态,冰川长度平均增加566.17 m;其余冰川均处于退缩状态,冰川长度平均减少823.49 m.与中国其他山系冰川相比,岗日嘎布山冰川面积年平均退缩速率较大,冰川长度变化速率最大,是冰川退缩最强烈的地区之一.岗日嘎布山冰川变化与气候变化关系密切,对研究区附近三个气象站5-9月平均气温和降水变化分析表明,自 1980年以来,岗日嘎布山5-9月平均气温显著上升,降水变化不明显,是导致该区域冰川呈现快速退缩的主要原因.  相似文献   

8.
祁连山西段小冰期以来的冰川变化研究   总被引:36,自引:30,他引:36  
根据航空摄影相片、地形图、遥感影像数据, 分析了祁连山西段自小冰期至1990年的冰川变化, 得出该地区在小冰期至1956年间冰川面积减小幅度为16.9%, 冰川储量减少了14.1%; 1956-1990年间冰川仍以退缩为主, 此时段冰川面积和储量减小量占1956年时相应量的10.3%和9.3%. 分析认为冰川退缩主要与1956-1966年时段气温偏高、降水偏少有关, 而且该流域区对应于1956-1966年间强负物质平衡的冰川退缩可能出现于1960年代中期至1970年代中期.  相似文献   

9.
小冰期以来羌塘高原中西部冰川变化图谱分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
运用地理信息图谱理论与方法,以地形图、航空相片、Lantlsat TM和ETM+遥感数据为基础数据源,分析了羌塘高原中西部小冰期至2000年代的冰川变化.结果表明:这里虽仍有部分冰川存在前进,但冰川整体呈萎缩状态,而且近几十年来,冰川退缩加剧.与同一区域的普若岗日相比,研究区冰川更为稳定.与其它山区冰川相比,这里由于是极大陆型冰川区,所以冰川较其它山区冰川相对稳定.气温升高和降水减少是该区冰川退缩的主要原因.  相似文献   

10.
1970—2000年羌塘高原冰川变化及其预测研究   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
采用地学信息图谱方法,分析了羌塘高原1970—2000年的冰川变化.结果表明:1970—2000年期间,羌塘高原整体呈萎缩趋势,冰川面积退缩的年平均速率(APAC)为0.145%.a-1,年平均退缩面积3.004 km2.a-1,但也有部分冰川处于前进状态.1970—2000年羌塘高原冰川退缩加剧,但与中国西部大部分地...  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

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