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1.
竖向荷载作用下桩筏基础可视化模型试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
进行了群桩基础可视化模型试验。在试验过程中对各级竖向荷载作用下群桩基础桩、土的变形采用高清晰数码相机拍摄了照片。通过对照片进行后处理分析,得到了桩、土的位移场,也对桩身轴力也进行了量测,在该基础上研究了群桩基础的变形性状和破坏模式,重点分析对比了桩间距和桩长对桩端土体沉降以及桩身侧摩阻力的影响。试验发现,桩距是影响桩土相对滑移量的主要因素,桩距越大,桩身与土的相对滑移量就越大,桩端刺入量也越大。在柔性筏基下,随桩距增加中桩的桩土相对滑移量可能会大于边桩。桩端刺入量是大桩距桩基础主要的沉降构成,以桩端刺入量为研究对象建立一套大桩距基础新的沉降计算理论,似乎值得进一步研究。桩顶向上刺入（可通过设置褥垫层、桩顶预留净空或设置可压缩垫块来实现）有利于桩间土的压密,减小桩端刺入量,甚至改变破坏模式。 相似文献
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采用自主设计的竖向循环加载装置,通过室内模型试验研究竖向循环荷载作用下砂土中单桩承载特性和桩周土体变形机制。根据试验结果,桩体累积位移可以划分为不发展区域、渐变发展区域、破坏区域3种区域;滞回曲线的滞回圈包络面积随着循环次数的增加,呈现逐渐减小的趋势,滞回曲线由不闭合发展为闭合曲线,桩周土体由弹塑性变形逐渐转变为弹性变形。采用粒子图像测速（particle image velocimetry,简称PIV）技术对循环荷载作用下桩周土体变形进行实时量测,得到桩周土体完整的位移场和剪切应变场。结果表明：循环周期、幅值和密实度为桩周土体变形的主要影响因素,随着循环周期的增加,剪切破坏带在接近土体表面处呈现内敛趋势,剪切破坏面最终近乎平行于桩-土界面。循环荷载幅值越大,表层土体在循环荷载作用下越趋于密实,侧向土压力增大,位移影响区域减小,对应剪切应变场呈现“耳”状分布,幅值比循环周期更容易导致桩周土体出现沉陷。不同砂土密实度中的桩体累积位移随着循环周期呈现出不同的特征,松砂状态下桩周土体位移场呈现倒截锥形,密砂则呈现圆柱形。 相似文献
3.
常规室内模型试验中,土体侧向位移作用下桩身变形特性能够获得,而桩周土体内部的位移很难量测。因此,结合透明土材料、粒子图像测速(PIV)技术和光学测量系统,设计了侧向位移作用下被动桩桩周土体变形测量试验系统。通过非插入式测量,得到桩不同埋置深度下桩周土体的位移场。试验结果表明:相同侧向位移模式下,桩埋置深度越大,桩对桩前土体的遮拦效应越明显,中间与两侧土体的相对位移越大。基于模型试验的结果建立了数值模型,参数敏感分析表明土体侧向位移形状对桩前土体位移遮拦效应的影响程度依次为矩形、抛物线形和三角形,且遮拦效果随着桩径的增加而更加明显。 相似文献
4.
提出一种层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩共同作用分析方法,探讨筏板刚度对桩筏基础沉降的影响,并成功预测了往复荷载下桩筏基础的长期沉降。筏板刚度采用Mindlin板理论的有限单元法分析;桩-土体系的刚度矩阵中,桩顶面-桩顶面、桩顶面-土表面以及土表面-土表面的相互作用分析采用层状剪切位移法借助层状地基的Burmister位移解求得。基于层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩的沉降计算方法以及往复荷载下土体压缩模量的衰减特性得到了桩筏基础的长期沉降预测方法。与已有文献方法和离心模型试验结果的对比分析表明,柔性筏板-群桩共同作用方法得到的沉降值具有较高的精度。 相似文献
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超高层建筑桩筏基础的桩顶反力计算研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据上海高88层、筏板厚度为4 m的金茂大厦和高101层、筏板厚度为4.5 m的上海环球金融中心桩筏基础的实测沉降资料,论证超高层建筑的桩筏基础为弹性体。对以上两幢超高层建筑和正在建造中的高121层、筏板厚度为6 m的上海中心大厦的桩筏基础,采用偏心受压公式和高层建筑与地基基础共同作用理论方法(混合法)进行详细对比计算,论证按弹性体计算桩顶反力的合理性,阐明《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ 94–2008)的3.1.8条的正确性和合理性。期望能够改变过去按偏心受压公式计算桩顶反力的传统观念,提高设计水平。 相似文献
7.
管桩挤土效应的现场试验和数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以PHC管桩加固某物流加工二期标准仓库、厂房项目为依托,进行了吹填土地区PHC管桩的挤土效应研究。利用预先埋设的孔压计和测斜计,借助沉桩过程的现场测试手段,研究了PHC管桩在沉桩过程中桩周孔压变化和土体位移分布特征,发现沉桩过程中超孔隙水压力随距桩心距离的增加而近似呈线性规律衰减,影响范围约为10倍桩径,土体水平位移不仅与地基土性质有关,而且其分布特征也与深度有很大关系,表现为0.2～0.4倍桩长处土体水平位移较大。采用数值模拟有效地模拟了现场测试结果,进而将结果推广,得到了沉桩引起的桩周土体位移随深度和距桩心距离的变化规律。数值模拟结果表明：桩-土界面摩擦特性和桩径对土体位移场的影响较大。 相似文献
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开口管桩因为土塞效应的存在,其施工力学机理比实心桩要复杂。传统的测量方法无法测得整个桩周土体的位移场以及土塞的具体情况。利用透明土技术,模拟不同桩径,壁厚的开口管桩的沉桩过程,得到管桩外侧土体的全部位移场,并观测到土塞高度的变化、土塞中土颗粒的位移向量场和土塞土颗粒位移中性面。通过对实验结果的分析,可以得到以下结论:不同截面尺寸的管桩施工引起的土体变形区域的横向范围与管桩内径与壁厚的比值（r/w）成反比,且每施工2倍管桩外径R深度,横向影响范围扩大67%;当外径相等时,r/w值相差150%时,土塞高度相差186%;土塞效应和桩径无关,和r/w有关;当壁厚保持一定的同时,土塞高度变化量约为管桩内外径比（R/r）的改变量的2倍;土塞达到完全闭塞状态时还会发生桩端土体的剪切破坏,从而管桩内腔涌入新土形成新的土塞。 相似文献
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注浆成型螺纹桩为一种利用施工工艺创新,结合钻孔灌注和二次注浆技术的新型螺纹抗拔桩型,目前已在软土地区开展应用。为了对其受力承载特性深入研究,使该桩型得到广泛推广,通过数值分析方法对其抗拔性能和承载机制进行了三维有限元数值模拟。首先,通过数值模拟桩-土界面室内大型直剪试验得到了有限元分析需要的桩-土接触面参数,而后将得到的参数带入注浆成型螺纹桩抗拔三维有限元数值模型,通过计算得到了不同距径比S/D（即螺距与桩径的比值）螺纹桩的抗拔荷载-位移曲线和轴力分布,并观察了抗拔过程中桩周土体塑性变形的发展。数值分析表明,螺纹桩与桩周土体的机械咬合作用增大了桩侧摩阻力,从而使桩体极限抗拔承载力较等截面圆桩提高约2～5倍;同时,其承载能力与桩体的S/D有关,当S/D取最优时,荷载-位移曲线的初始切向刚度最大,极限承载力最高,桩周土体形成的连续拱形破坏区域最大。 相似文献
10.
在室内模型试验中对模型桩顶施加水平荷载,分别采用数字照相无标点变形量测系统及配套量测分析软件形象地再现了不同密实度砂土中桩周土体及地表土体水平位移分布规律。对双桩的地表水平位移分布情形进行观测分析,结合桩顶位移与水平荷载的关系研究了桩间距对桩与桩之间的相互作用的影响。应用颗粒流程序PFC2D模拟一定深度平面内桩周土体位移,揭示了主动桩桩周土的颗粒流动性状及桩间距对桩-土相互作用的影响。结果表明,主动受荷桩桩周砂土位移场呈两个纺锤体状;砂土密实度增加,桩前砂土变形范围增大;桩间距越小,相邻桩相互影响越明显。 相似文献
11.
Yu Jian-lin Zhou Jia-jin Gong Xiao-nan Xu Ri-qing Li Jun-yuan Xu Shan-dai 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(6):1909-1921
The rigid pile composite foundation is widely used in highway projects in soft soil area as it can effectively increase the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation. While the research on the behavior and failure mode of rigid pile composite foundation under embankment is not enough, instability failure of rigid pile composite foundation often occurs in practical projects. This paper presents a centrifuge model test to investigate the load transfer mechanism, settlement characteristic and failure mode of rigid pile composite foundation under embankment. The test results show that: the soil displacement of different region in rigid pile composite foundation was different, obvious vertical displacement occurred in the soil under the center of embankment and the horizontal displacement was very small in this region; both vertical and horizontal displacement occurred in the soil under the shoulder of embankment; and obvious horizontal displacement occurred in the soil under the slope toe of embankment; moreover, ground heave also occurred near the slope toe of embankment. The soil displacement in rigid pile composite foundation had a large influence on the stress characteristic and failure mode of rigid piles, the compressive failure and bending failure would probably occur for the piles under the center and shoulder of the embankment, respectively, and the tension-bending failure would probably occur for the piles under the slope toe of embankment. The different failure modes of piles at different regions should be considered in the design of rigid pile composite foundation under embankment. The test results can be used to improve the design method for rigid pile composite foundation under embankment in practical projects.
相似文献12.
This paper describes the application of a structural optimization approach combined with the finite element method for the optimal design of a raft–pile foundation system. The analysis takes into account the non-linear behaviour of the soil medium and the piles. For the optimization process, the sensitivity analysis is carried out using the approximate semi-analytical method while the constraint approximation is obtained from the combination of extended Bi-point and Lagrangian polynomial approximation methods. The objective function of the problem is the cost of the foundation. The design variables are the raft thickness, cross-section, length and number of piles. The maximum displacement and differential displacement are selected as the constraints. The proposed method is shown to achieve an optimum design of raft–pile foundation efficiently and accurately. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
由于基桩纵向截面形式的差异,竖向荷载作用下桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力发挥存在明显的差异,尽管纵向截面异形桩在工程中得到了一定的应用,然而针对极限荷载下桩端和桩侧土体破坏形式的研究却相对较少。基于透明土材料和粒子图像测速（particle image velocimetry）技术,针对等体积的扩底楔形桩、楔形桩和等截面桩的承载特性及破坏形式进行对比模型试验,测得桩顶荷载-沉降曲线,研究了各级荷载下桩端和桩侧土体位移场的变化规律以及极限荷载下桩端和桩侧土体的破坏形式;同时分析了不同桩长情况下各类型桩的承载力特性。研究结果表明,在此试验条件下,扩底楔形桩的极限承载力约为常规楔形桩的3.5倍和等截面桩的2.5倍;极限荷载作用下各类型纵向截面异形桩桩端的破坏形式规律基本一致。 相似文献
14.
This paper presents the results of a parametric study in which a series of fully coupled, 3-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical Finite Element (FE) analyses has been conducted to investigate the effects of the thermal changes imposed by the regular performance of a GSHP system driven by energy piles on a very large piled raft. The FE simulation program has been focused mainly on the evaluation of the following crucial aspects of the energy system design: the assessment of the soil–pile–raft interaction effects during thermal loading conditions; the quantification of the influence of the thermal properties of the soil and of the geometrical layout of the energy piles on the soil–foundation system response, and the evaluation of the influence of the active pile spacing on the thermal performance of the GSHP–energy pile system. The results of the numerical simulations show that the soil–pile–raft interaction effects can be very important. In particular, the presence of a relatively rigid raft in direct contact with the soil is responsible for axial load variations in inactive piles of the same order of those experienced by the thermo-active piles, even when the latter are relatively far and temperature changes in inactive piles are small. As far as the effect of pile spacing is concerned, the numerical simulations show that placing a high number of energy piles in a large piled raft with relatively small pile spacings can lead to a significant reduction of the overall heat exchange from the piles to the soil, thus reducing the thermal efficiency of the system. 相似文献
15.
A piled raft foundation comprises both piles and a pile cap that itself transmits load directly to the ground. The aim of such a foundation is to reduce the number of piles compared with a more conventional piled foundation where the bearing effect of the pile cap, or raft, is ignored. This paper describes a ‘hybrid’ approach for the analysis of piled raft foundations, based on a load transfer treatment of individual piles, together with elastic interaction between different piles and with the raft. The numerical analysis is used to evaluate a simple approximate method of estimating the overall response of the foundation from the response of the component parts. The method leads to estimates of the overall foundation stiffness, the proportion of load carried by the pile group and the raft, and an initial assessment of differential settlements. Parametric studies are presented showing the effect of factors such as raft stiffness and pile spacing, length and stiffness, and a worked example is included demonstrating the accuracy of the approximate design approach. 相似文献
16.
不同平衡堆载条件下桩基承载特性的原位试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿海吹填围垦地区土质较差,淤泥软弱土层较厚,在后期填土作用下土体会产生很大的固结沉降。后期不同堆载填土方式对桥梁基础影响较大,可降低基桩承载力,同时平衡堆载主要增加基桩的沉降,而不平衡堆载则对基桩水平位移影响较大。结合台州湾大桥工程建设,选取3根基桩进行了平衡堆载（围载）试验,另外,选取了3根基桩进行了不平衡堆载试验,研究不同堆载条件下对桩基承载特性的影响。现场试验结果表明,平衡堆载条件下主要引起桩侧产生负摩阻力,堆载高度达到4 m,堆载面积为24 m×16 m时,负摩阻力总和达到2 687 kN左右,中性点深度约为29.5 m,约为0.36倍桩长,且负摩阻力的发展是随时间而变化的;不平衡堆载条件下主要产生土拱效应,使桩基产生较大的水平位移,试验中不平衡堆载对吹填区的影响主要在距离地面20 m范围之内,土中最大水平位移出现在距离地面4～5 m左右位置,而桩身最大水平位移出现在桩顶。 相似文献
17.
A piled raft foundation is a combined foundation, which is developed to utilize the load-carrying capabilities of both raft and piles. To obtain an optimum piled raft design, it is important to properly evaluate and consider the load-sharing behavior between the raft and piles, which changes according to the settlement level of the piled raft. In this study, 27 three-dimensional finite element models were analyzed to investigate the piled raft coefficient with linear and nonlinear load-settlement behaviors. The length of piles was varied between 10, 15, and 20 m. The spacing between pile centers was varied between 3D, 5D, and 7D, and the pile diameter was kept constant. The number of piles and the distance between the exterior piles and the edge of the raft were maintained at 9 and 1 m, respectively. The sand conditions varied between dense, medium, and loose. The results indicated that the piled raft coefficient increases when the load-settlement curve is linear and decreases when the load-settlement curve is nonlinear. The influence of the incremental increase in pile length on the piled raft coefficient is more pronounced in short piles than in longer piles. The raft thickness has a negligible effect on the piled raft coefficient. 相似文献
18.
软土地层桥梁群桩基础桩土共同作用性状的非线性有限元分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对某高速铁路特大桥群桩基础进行三维非线性有限元分析,并结合现场试验得出的规律进行相应的对比分析,研究了软土地层桥梁群桩基础桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力、基底土体附加应力、孔隙水压力分布、超孔隙水压力消散和群桩基础荷载沉降规律。计算结果表明,基桩所承受的轴力,角桩＞边桩＞中心桩,角桩和边桩的轴力沿桩身减小的幅度较大,而中心桩的轴力沿桩身减小的幅度稍小;各基桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥情况,侧摩阻力值总体上呈角桩＞边桩＞中心桩,相对滑移量基本呈上大下小的形态,即桩身上部桩-土之间产生的相对滑移量较中下部要大;外荷载作用下产生的土体附加应力和超孔隙水压力主要集中在承台底以下土体的一定范围内,其衰减梯度沿深度方向逐渐降低,随着固结时间的延长,群桩基础沉降达到稳定。 相似文献
19.
变刚度优化设计对于复杂环境中的大规模桩筏基础始终是一个重要难题。基于有限元分析提出一种两阶段优化设计方法,该方法首先根据传统均匀布桩方案的桩顶应力分布对群桩进行分区,然后依据每个子区域桩顶应力之间的关系确定基桩数量调整系数,最后通过调整桩间距来改变各子区域的基桩数量,从而实现变刚度优化设计。运用该方法对多层土体中承担非均匀上部结构荷载的大规模桩筏基础进行变刚度优化设计,计算结果表明优化设计后筏板的差异沉降、平均整体弯矩和群桩顶部的差异应力均显著降低。该方法计算简单,应用范围广,且不受复杂土层条件、非均匀上部结构荷载以及桩基础规模大小形状的限制。 相似文献