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1.
通过对青岛市1500km^2范围内大密度土壤放射性核素（^238U、^232Th和^40K）和地表γ辐射测量,系统深入地研究了其放射性特征、分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,青岛市土壤中核素^232Th和咏的放射性比活度偏高,而^238U偏低。地表γ辐射吸收剂量率（平均值91．87nGy·h^-1）略高于全国和世界平均值,研究发现地表93．14％的γ辐射来自地面放射性核素^238U、^232Th和^40K）的．γ辐射,其中^232Th和^40K的贡献占81．21％,是主要的贡献者。地质背景是影响地面γ辐射吸收剂量率的主要因素,燕山期各类花岗岩是导致青岛市区-王哥庄-带γ辐射吸收剂量率偏高的主要原因;同时环境因素（路面材料、地貌景观）对地表γ辐射吸收剂量率也存在一定影响。虽然研究区的γ辐射吸收剂量率较高,但其年有效剂量（0．56 mSv）远低于公众照射年剂量当量限值1.0 mSv,人居环境基本不受影响。 相似文献
2.
青岛市天然放射性环境地质调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对青岛地区进行了大规模的天然放射性环境地质调查和评价中发现,青岛地区陆地伽马辐射剂量率虽然略高于全国和山东省的平均水平,但仍属于天然辐射安全区域.测区的伽马辐射剂量率值总体上决定于岩性.伽马辐射剂量率都来自于238U、232Th、40K的贡献,但是与其他地区不同,40K和232Th对剂量率的贡献要大于238U.此外,一些公路、建筑等建造材料中的放射性核素的含量直接影响着这些工程的放射剂量,主要是在建造这些工程时所选用的石材、石料和水泥等,都会对当地的放射剂量有着重大的影响. 相似文献
3.
福建省位于东南沿海,花岗岩大面积出露,导致土壤中的放射性核素普遍高,从而使环境地表γ辐射剂量率也较高。近年来,人居环境安全越来越受重视,较高的γ辐射剂量率是否存在风险成为人们关心的问题。本项目选择永安罗坊、武平忠地两处重点区开展1∶5万环境地表γ辐射剂量率测量,并在同点采集配套土壤样品。通过研究土壤放射性元素238 U、232 Th、40 K比活度与γ辐射剂量率的关系特征建立多元回归方程,利用福建省1∶25万多目标区域地球化学调查所获得的31303个表层土壤U、Th、K测试成果换算福建省2 km×2 km网格环境地表γ辐射剂量率,编制人居环境适宜性评价图。得出福建省γ辐射安全区(无风险)约12.1万km 2,占研究区总面积的99.64%,风险区(可能存在风险)433 km 2,占0.36%,管制区(存在风险)仅4 km 2,天然放射性人居环境优良。 相似文献
4.
对长约70 km引水工程洞线上进行的地面伽马能谱测量、陆地伽马剂量率测量、土壤氡浓度测量、岩石表面氡析出率测量以及钻孔岩芯样品的放射性元素U、Ra、Th、K含量分析的综合放射性地质调查,并对获得的测量数据进行分析研究。结果表明,测区引水沿线地质体放射性核素当量含量平均值为：U 1.56×10-6,Th 14.12×10-6,K 2.16×10-2;钻孔岩芯放射性元素分析含量平均值为：U 32.34 Bq/kg,Ra 35.68 Bq/kg,Th 35.29 Bq/kg,K 865.65 Bq/kg。陆地伽马剂量率为90.42 nGy/h;土壤氡浓度平均值为4 272.1 Bq/m3;岩石表面析出率平均值为4.01×10-2 Bq/m2·s。根据测量结果,利用内照射和外照射辐射剂量计算了对施工人员造成的辐照剂量为0.759 mSv,低于国家对公众的剂量限值1 mSv/a,表明引水工程输水隧洞的施工在安全辐射范围内。 相似文献
5.
利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素238U、232Th、40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示，大连市区238U、232Th、40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg），均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的238U、232Th、40K含量基础上，计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数，并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h，远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12，均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv，远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明，大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平. 相似文献
6.
《物探与化探》2020,(2)
天然及人工放射性是目前生态研究领域的热点之一。在本次试验中,抽查了广东省内不同土壤(沉积物)类型中放射性核素~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的含量,49件样品中~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的含量分别为84.3(17.9～209.1)Bq/kg、103.0(10.6～263.8)Bq/kg、77.7(12.0～206.0)Bq/kg和463.3(15.3～1557.6)Bq/kg,地表空气中的伽马吸收剂量率为126.8(27.2～265.9)nGy/h。研究区样品的等效镭为260.7(33.5～619.0)Bq/kg,外部危害指数值为1.2(0.15～2.8),年有效剂量率确定在155.5(33.3～326.1)μSv/y。将每件样品分为岩石背景、地貌背景和土壤类型三个变量因子,随机森林分析表明,样品中的放射性核素分布主要受控于不同的岩石背景,其次为土壤类型和地貌特征。与国内外不同地区的研究对比,广东省内土壤样品中的放射性核素浓度高于国内和全球的平均值,但放射性水平在安全范围内。 相似文献
7.
以1∶25万化探数据为切入点,在分析全国各城市天然放射性水平特征的基础上,运用放射性填图评价技术研究了成都平原天然放射性水平分布特征。结果表明:研究区环境天然放射性核素238 U、232 Th、40 K含量频数均呈正态分布,数值均在正常本底范围内;238 U比活度总体上低于全国平均水平,232 Th和40 K比活度总体上高于全国平均水平;研究区天然放射性辐射水平、γ射线照射量率、吸收剂量率、年有效剂量当量均低于世界和全国的平均水平;研究区γ射线内、外照射指数均在国家限量标准控制范围之内。 相似文献
8.
本次研究基于地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量及238U、232Th、226Ra、40K放射性核素测试,识别华东地区含煤岩系的放射性异常地层,评价区域典型煤矿区空气、固体、水体、植物介质的天然放射性水平。结果显示：赋存于石炭系、二叠系的普通煤田与赋存于寒武系的石煤矿区呈现显著差异的天然放射性水平。普通煤田矿区地表γ辐射剂量率、氡放射性测量值总体上处于本底水平范围,矿区固体介质、水体、植物样品核素含量处于正常水平,不存在放射性污染。华东地区石煤分布带,属于放射性γ辐射高背景区,石煤矿区的原煤、煤矸石、土壤、岩石等固体介质的238U、226Ra核素富集明显,并显示更为显著的空间变异性。区域石煤条带监测矿区居民源于γ外照射引起的吸收剂量均超过国际标准限值1 mSv/a,总有效剂量均超过了2 mSv/a,地下水总α、总β浓度为限值的10~30倍,放射性污染不容忽视。华东地区石煤矿区公众所受辐射剂量较高,矿区的地下水、建材、植物等介质已经出现零星的放射性污染,应加强石煤矿区放射性环境监测,及时采取适当的控制措施。 相似文献
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10.
成都经济区天然放射性环境评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据区域化探数据预测地空界面天然放射性水平的基本原理和成都经济区1∶25万土壤化探数据中铀、钍、钾的含量数据,首次对成都经济区的天然放射性地质环境进行了研究和评价。结果表明成都经济区的地质构造和地表出露岩层与研究区的放射性环境有较大关系。在研究区的大部分范围内,40K比活度高于全国和世界的平均值,238U的比活度远低于全国和世界的平均值,232Th的比活度与全国平均值相当,但明显高于世界平均值。除龙门山褶皱带和峨眉山—瓦山断褶带的小部分地区外,成都经济区的各项辐射评价参数均在国家建筑材料放射性核素限量标准控制式的范围之内。该文可为合理、有效的利用成都经济区的国土资源提供支持,也可对加速成都经济区经济一体化和城市的可持续发展提供必要的参考。 相似文献
11.
Naizheng Xu Xinxiang Wei Fuxiang Kuang Linxi Zhang Hongying Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(21):726
Based on γ-radiation dose rate and radon concentration measurements and 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K radionuclide testing, this study identifies the radioactive anomalies of stone coal-bearing strata in East China and evaluates the natural radioactivity levels in the air, solid, water and plant media in the typical area of the regional stone coal-bearing layers. The stone coal-bearing strata in East China occur in the lower Cambrian system along the margin of the Yangtze block; additionally, the radioactive anomaly area is sporadically distributed in the stone coal-bearing layers. The background values of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K are higher in the stone coal-bearing areas, and the spatial distribution of these natural radionuclides shows significant variability. 238U and 226Ra clearly accumulate in the coal, coal gangue and soil and are the main sources of the environmental radiation in coal mines. The γ-radiation shows a higher background value in the stone coal-bearing area, and this radioactive pollution cannot be ignored. Typically, the effective dose of γ-radiation exceeds the limit value of 5 mSv/a, and the total α and total β concentrations of the groundwater are 10–30 times the limit value at some points. The residents near the mining area are subjected to a higher radiation dose, and the groundwater, building materials, and plants have been contaminated by the radioactive pollution sporadically through time. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work of radioactive environments and to take appropriate control measures. 相似文献
12.
Natural and artificial radioactivity distribution in soil, rock and water of the Central Ashanti Gold Mine, Ghana 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Faanu D. O. Kpeglo M. Sackey E. O. Darko G. Emi-Reynolds H. Lawluvi R. Awudu O. K. Adukpo C. Kansaana I. D. Ali B. Agyeman L. Agyeman R. Kpodzro 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1593-1604
Direct gamma spectrometry study was carried out within and around the operational area of the Central Ashanti Gold of Ghana to ascertain the baseline radioactivity levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), prior to processing of gold ore at the mine. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the soil/rock samples were 64.3, 68.4, 1243.9 and 3.5 Bqkg?1, respectively. For the water samples, the average activity concentrations were 2.5, 2.6, 14.7 and 0.7 BqL?1 for 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs, respectively. The total annual effective dose to the public was estimated to be 0.141 mSv which is below the ICRP recommended level of 1 mSv for public exposure control. The average radium equivalent activity value was 257.8 Bqkg?1 in the range of 72.9–402.3 Bqkg?1. The average values of external and internal indices were 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. The concentrations of U, Th and K were variable in soil and rock samples taken from different locations in the study area with values varying in the range of 0.8–10.9, 2.4–39.4 μg/g and 0.7–6.3 %, respectively. The concentration values of gross-α and gross-β for all the water samples were below the Ghana Standards Board and Who Health Organisation recommended guideline values for drinking water quality. The results obtained in this study shows that radiation levels are within the natural background radiation levels found in literature and compared well with similar studies for other countries. 相似文献
13.
I. Inigo Valan I. Vijayalakshmi R. Mathiyarasu S. G. D. Sridhar V. Narayanan A. Stephen 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):762
The aim of the study is to assess the natural background radiation in and around Rameswaram Island. In this context, samples were collected to measure the gamma radiations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K using NaI(Tl) detector-based gamma ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K are noted to be well below the world average values. The calculated absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, and hazard index values were below the prescribed limit. The grain size of the sediment was analyzed following Trefethen’s nomenclature, and its correlation with the natural background radioactivity was studied. The sample that contained clay show elevated activity of 40K. The percentage of heavy minerals shows concomitant variation in natural radioactivity, especially in the activity of 238U and 232Th. 相似文献
14.
The present work utilizes in situ gamma ray spectrometric measurement data to map the surface geology of Sar?han Granitoid and its surrounding area. The study area comprises three different lithological units, namely, Hozbirikyayla Formation (limestone and sandy limestones), Sar?han Granitoid (consist of quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and quartz diorite) and the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange (andesite, basalt, sandstone, gravelly sandstone). When lithological units are assessed according to the radioactivity characteristics, natural radionuclide contents (40K and radionuclides from 238U and 232Th series) of Hozbirikyayla limestones and ophiolitic melange rocks are lower than the Sar?han pluton. The U, Th and K radionuclide contents were found to be 0.8–5.4 ppm, 10.1–33.6 ppm and 1.29–4.41% in the Sar?han plutonic area and 0.9–5.3 ppm, 1.1–20.3 ppm and 0.04–2.71% in Horzbirikyayla formation, respectively. The element concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K of the Ophiolitic melange are 1.1–4.5 ppm, 1.6–25.3 ppm and 0.09–3.63%, respectively. Radioelement ratio maps are created for the studied area, because the parameters of radioelement ratios, eU/eTh, eU/K and eTh/K, reflect the radioactive characters of the rock and soil. The Hozbirikyayla Formation is characterized by the highest value of eU/eTh and lowest value of eTh/K. While the lowest eU/eTh and eU/K ratios were observed in the Sar?han Granodiorite, the highest value of eU/K and eTh/K were obtained in the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange. By comparing these maps with the geology, it was found that the radioelement concentrations are in good agreement with the geological properties of the region. In addition to this, the radiation hazard parameters were evaluated to assess the radiation hazard for people living in this area. It has also been found that there is no significant radiologic hazard for humans and the environment in and around studied area. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨近百年来,人类活动背景下近海沉积物中放射性核素的沉积记录及其对物质输入与埋藏等沉积环境变化的响应,利用γ能谱法对渤海表层和柱状沉积物中的放射性核素238U、226Ra、232Th、210Pb、40K和137Cs进行分析.结果显示,渤海沉积物中放射性核素水平和垂直分布特征明显,铀衰变系核素238U、226Ra和210Pb不平衡,232Th和210Pb受沉积物粒度和有机碳影响显著,238U与226Ra、232Th、40K存在显著相关性.226Ra/238U、232Th/238U和40K/238U比值时空差异显著,渤海沉积物陆源输入影响由西南向东北方向延伸,受河流影响,渤海北部和南部的沉积物输入不稳定,近几十年波动显著.利用210Pbex和137Cs法的测年结果计算获得的渤海近百年来沉积速率在中国近海沉积速率研究背景值范围内;空间上,渤海北部、中部和南部沉积速率处于同一水平,其中北部偏高;时间上,近百年来渤海沉积速率随时间波动,整体上呈现增加趋势,尤其是1980年之后,人类活动影响下渤海沉积速率增加幅度显著,与沉积物输入的波动变化相对应. 相似文献