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1.
汶川MS8.0级地震位于紫坪铺水库库尾附近。2002年紫坪铺水库开始截流,2005年10月正式开始蓄水后,库区先后发生不少小震群。2006—2008年迅速增多的水磨震群与主震相距不足5km。因此,紫坪铺水库蓄水在汶川地震发生中的作用成为一个被广泛关注的热点问题,从断层的库仑应力变化出发有过很多讨论。文中以汶川MS8.0级地震前的紫坪铺水库地震台网数据为基础,通过分析龙门山断裂带以及库区小震的时空演化,研究水库附近流体压力扩散过程,得到以下认识:(1)紫坪铺水库所在区域存在一系列北东向展布的断裂,水库位于碳酸盐岩地层上,存在渗漏的地质背景。伴随水位波动升高,回水逐渐向西南淹没,地震分布范围也逐渐由大坝向南西扩展,二者关系密切。根据地震随时间的分布,分析了水压力的扩散过程,拟合得到水压力的宏观扩散系数为0.7m2/s。该扩散系数较好地勾画了紫坪铺水库蓄水和地震活动过程。扩散过程既与河流纵断面形态关系密切,也与地下流体孔隙压力扩散、水位变化有关。(2)紫坪铺水库蓄水前龙门山断裂带汶川段已处于高应力状态,库区正好位于汶川段西南区的闭锁部位。蓄水后龙门山断裂带有过三次地震增强和地震活动范围沿断裂扩展的过程,均发生在水位升高后。已有实验结果表明,在亚失稳应力状态下断层在失稳前的活动存在协同化过程。其作用是降低断层上弱部位的强度和扩大弱部位的总长度以提高断层协同化程度,从而增加断层强部位的应力。研究认为,3次高水位后地震活动的增强正反映了在强区域构造应力背景下库水渗透到部分闭锁断层段并使之弱化引起的连锁反应。汶川地震发生在高区域应力和水体的共同作用下,多次高水位起了弱化断层闭锁段的作用,使断层上协同化程度达到临界水平,在强部位的应力作用下造成了较长断层段的快速失稳错动。此项研究为进一步分析紫坪铺水库蓄水在汶川地震发生中的作用提供了新的事实和论据。 相似文献
2.
文章根据水库诱发地震机制,从库区附近活动断裂的应力状态,应力积累程度、岩体结构、水文地质条件等综合因素分析研究,从而论证水库诱发地震的可能性,可能诱发地震的地段与最大震级,以及水库地震对工程建筑物及库坝区地质环境的影响. 相似文献
3.
为研究宕昌县城区饮用水源地库区工程地质条件及存在的工程地质问题,文章主要从地形地貌、地层岩性、物理地质现象、区域地质构造与不良地质现象、水文地质等方面进行全面论述,并根据工程地质条件对库区渗漏、水库浸没与库岸稳定、水库诱发地震等地质问题进行评价。研究认为,水库不存在向邻谷的渗漏问题;库区岩性完整,无区域性的活动断层通过,水库蓄水后,发生诱发地震的可能性小。研究可为下一步水库坝址、坝型及枢纽建筑物的选型、布置等提供技术指导及数据支撑。 相似文献
4.
大型水利水电工程水库诱发地震历来受业主、工程技术人员的重视。三峡工程蓄水10多年来,在蓄水过程中,三峡库区较蓄水前地震明显增多。本文选择了三峡库区既有活动断裂,又有可溶岩和煤层分布的近坝库段作为研究对象,通过对库区地震活动与水位的关系和诱发地震空间展布特征分析,认为:三峡水库诱发地震,发生在有可溶岩和含煤地层部位的塌陷型地震占总数的90%,而非可溶岩和不含煤地层中只占总数的10%;近坝库段地震主要发生在仙女山断层北端,且有地震呈丛集活动的特征;九湾溪断层上盘远离长江部位地震零星分布,距长江较近地段地震相对增多,下盘地震极少。地震与水位的对应关系十分密切,三峡水位上升,长江两岸发生的小地震较多,当水位蓄至175m时,地震主要发生在仙女山断裂的北端和九湾溪断裂的上盘及北端。 相似文献
5.
水库地震是因水库蓄水作用导致库区地质环境和区域应力变化,引起库区附近地震的现象。"触发地震"和"诱发地震"是根据成因机制的区别而对水库地震的分类。本文梳理和总结了自水库地震的概念提出以来,人们对于水库地震成因机制的分析,并就触发地震和诱发地震的不同分类进行了探讨;同时结合国内水库地震关于坝高、库容、岩性和震级方面的特征发现,无论是触发地震还是诱发地震,都是多方面因素综合作用的结果,但不同水库具有不同的地质环境和区域应力状态,各类成因机制在不同类型的水库地震中占比也不同。最后,作者对现今水库触发地震和诱发地震研究的不足进行了讨论,提出应结合其他人类工程活动所引发的地震一同分析。 相似文献
6.
水库库区地形地质和水位地质条件复杂,蓄水后受降雨和库水位变动影响容易产生滑坡、崩塌等次生地质灾害,严重威胁水库安全运行和附近居民安全. 本文依托层次分析法,以某蓄水水库为研究对象,在充分收集其地形地质和水文条件资料的基础上,选取地形地貌、地层岩性、坡度、坡向、地灾点密度、地灾点面积、降雨、库水变动幅度和地震强度等9个致滑因子,构建评价矩阵和滑坡危险性计算评价方法. 依据评价成果划分4个滑坡危险性等级,借助MapGIS软件生成库区潜在滑坡危险性分区图. 该分区图与遥感解译的库区滑坡体分布点高度吻合,验证了评价模型的合理性. 相似文献
7.
本文首先对龙羊峡水库地震活动期间的水压位移场、水压应力场和固体潮应力张量进行了计算;然后分析了此期间的微震活动与各种因素的关系,从而提出本区水库地震的诱发过程是“库水渗透——提高岩体局部段的现今应力水平——库水荷载效应和固体潮该为张量的联合激发作用——裂纹串通(或扩展)——发震”的观点;最后在此基础上对龙羊峡未来水库地震危险性进行了预测。 相似文献
8.
黄河小浪底水库库区地质构造复杂 ,库区及周边存在着十几条活动断层 ,它们是可能诱震断层。本文首先对库区断裂分布规律、相互关系进行分析 ,并探讨其断裂活动性 ,然后在综合地质条件分析、地震地质与工程地质类比的基础上 ,应用概率预测法分析得知小浪底水库有诱发地震的可能 ,并采用水库综合影响参数法、断层破裂长度法、聚类分析法估算了水库诱发地震震级 ,结果表明其震级以 5级为上限 ,随后简单估计了其震中位置与时间。 相似文献
9.
九甸峡水库区滑坡、滑塌、卸荷变形现象分布很普遍。它的发生是地形地貌、岩性与地质构造、水文地质条件及水文、气象等综合作用的结果 ,尤其与地质构造之间有着密切的关系。以地质构造为主要表征的岸坡地质结构是库岸稳定与否的决定因素 ,暴雨、洪水、地下水及蓄水后的库水浮托力、河水位的骤然消涨等是库岸失稳的诱发因素 ,查清库区地质构造的发育分布特征 ,对于准确评价库岸稳定 ,合理估价水库效益有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
10.
将诱发水库地震的主要因素（岩性、岩体完整性、断层性质、库区区域应力状态、库区地震活动背景）划分为11个因子,并进行定量化;再根据每个样本到所属类内超平面的距离计算每个样本点的模糊因子,确定其对分类超平面影响大小;然后建立水库地震的支持向量机（SVM）和模糊支持向量机（FSVM）模型,并应用于水库诱发地震等级预测。实例分析表明,两种模型均可用于水库诱发地震等级预测,具有预测精度较高、考虑因素全面的特点,相比之下SVM模型预测结果略优于FSVM模型。另外,在应用SVM和FSVM进行分类时,如果样本离散性较高,则SVM模型优于FSVM模型;相反,如果样本离散性较低,则FSVM模型优于SVM模型。 相似文献
11.
水库蓄水后, 在一定空间范围内形成了应力场、应变场和渗流场。我们建立了一个数学一力学模型, 以描述水压应力场的特征。通过运用弹塑性岩土体非线性应力一应变和稳定性静力分析NOLM83二维有限元程序发现, 水库水压应力场的最大主应力从水库中心向两侧、从水库表面向深部逐渐降低。在此基础上, 研究了在未来三峡水库水压应力场影响下, 水田坝断裂的应力、应变和影响范围。研究表明, 平面影响范围为该断裂两侧5～-6km.由于岩体的浮托作用, 地表面的累积位移量少于10mm, 并向下逐渐减小。因此, 水田坝断裂完全能够承受三峡水库蓄水后产生的水压应力, 不会出现中-强度水库诱发地震, 不会影响三峡工程的安全。 相似文献
12.
In 1986 shortly after the impounding of Mosul reservoir, shallow earthquakes began occurring in the immediate reservoir vicinity, with magnitudes up to ML 3.0, at rates of up to 3 events per week. These events were almost certainly reservoir-induced and coincided with steadily increasing water levels. Cluster of epicenters was observed in the area located within a complex fault zone called the Sinjar-Dohouk-Kuchuk fault system. The presence of such fault system considers a potential source of earthquakes. A composite fault plane solution, based on first p-wave motion analyses, indicates that the mechanisms of seismicity were right-lateral strike-slip faulting along N44°E plane dipping 58° NW, in conformity with the local tectonics. 相似文献
13.
After the filling up of the Hsinfengkiang Reservoir Kwangtung Province, seismicity was greatly increased. The majority of earthquakes occurred in the deep water gorge close to the dam, concentrated within a northwest belt. They are usually of shallow focal depths. A strong earthquake with magnitude 6.1 took place on March 19, 1962, about two and a half years since the impounding of the reservoir. According to the results of analysis of data from geodetic leveling and the spectra of seismic waves, the fault parameters of the main shock were determined. The fault plane solutions of 150 small earthquakes, occurring within a period of 18 months before and after the main shock were determined from the amplitudes of the first motion of P wave. The directions of the earthquake generating stress of about 2000 small earthquakes were obtained by smoothing the first motion patterns. Displacement field and stress field in the rock bodies underneath the reservoir caused by the loading of the reservoir water were calculated. Variations of the velocity ratio of the P and S waves prior to the main shock and several strong aftershocks were analysed. In consideration of the seismicity as well as the geological background, we endeavour to discuss the cause of reservoir impounding earthquakes at Hsinfengkiang. We have the opinion that the penetration of water along fissures becomes the most important cause of the main shock of March 19, 1962 at Hsinfengkiang. 相似文献
14.
In 1986 shortly after the impounding of Mosul reservoir, shallow earthquakes began occurring in the immediate reservoir vicinity,
with magnitudes up to ML 3.0, at rates of up to 3 events per week. These events were almost certainly reservoir-induced and
coincided with steadily increasing water levels. Cluster of epicenters was observed in the area located within a complex fault
zone called the Sinjar-Dohouk-Kuchuk fault system. The presence of such fault system considers a potential source of earthquakes.
A composite fault plane solution, based on first p-wave motion analyses, indicates that the mechanisms of seismicity were
right-lateral strike-slip faulting along N44°E plane dipping 58° NW, in conformity with the local tectonics. 相似文献
15.
Dongjing reservoir with storage capacity of 955 million m 3 and 150 m dam height had been set up in Guizhou province, southeastern China on May in 2005. After filling with water in
August 20, 2009, the reservoir-induced earthquake in 20 km took place first in September 2009 at the 440 m water level. When
the water level changes, the number of earthquakes is increased rapidly. On January 17, 2010, the largest M 4.4 earthquake
with depth of 7 km has happen and month frequency achieved 21 events at the highest water level. M 4.4 earthquake caused rock
collapse with the disaster of killed six people and nine injure. After our investigation and study, the reason of higher epicentral
intensity of earthquake was the surface effect of near-field elastic wave transmission. The disaster of rock falls certainly
depended on the very very shallow earthquake, the height of valley and fault. Comparing as same magnitude of natural earthquake,
very shallow earthquake increased 1–2° of epicentral intensity I 0, more than twice amplitude of S-wave at 200 m height of valley and the largest displacement on fault. The superposition of
three factors has increased the epicentral intensity of earthquake and directly caused rock collapse with the disaster of
killed six people and nine injure. 相似文献
16.
针对走滑断层诱发的水库地震，建立了尖点突变模型，提出了发震的充要力学条件判据及地震释放能量的简单表达式。以突变理论分析为依据，建立了水库诱震机制的新假说，简称为断层带弱化与岩体软化效应诱震理论，较合理地解释了水库地震与岩性、构造、水位的关系及水库地震序列ｂ值的特征。本文的讨论从整体上深化了对水库诱震机制的认识。 相似文献
17.
2014年10—12月期间,云南景谷接连发生了Ms6.6、Ms5.8、Ms5.9三次中-强地震。为确定地震的地质构造成因,在地表调查的基础上,综合该区的地质构造情况、烈度与余震分布、震源机制解等资料,确定此次震群活动的宏观震中位于永平盆地东南侧山地,发震断层为地质与地貌表现不显著的NW向右旋走滑断层。此次震群活动及余震迁移过程指示,由于断层斜接部位岩桥的临时阻碍,Ms6.6地震破裂在向南东扩展过程中发生短暂停滞,突破障碍后进一步引发了Ms5.8和Ms5.9地震,这符合震源破裂沿NW向发震断裂分段破裂的行为。区域活动断裂的遥感解译结果发现,发震断层位置恰好处于NW向右旋走滑的茶房断裂与普文断裂之间,区域上属于该断裂带的不连贯部位,指示此次中-强震群活动应该是茶房-普文断裂带贯通过程的构造活动表现。结合思茅地块的历史地震资料发现,思茅地块地震活动多以小于等于6.8级为主,发震构造多为NW向断裂。指示在现今构造应力场作用下,该区NW向断裂的活动性相对NE向断裂更加显著,属于该区主要控震构造,应在今后的地震地质工作中给予更多关注。 相似文献
18.
三峡库区蓄水以来,长江周边出现了大量的水库地震,主要集中于巴东—泄滩—仙女山区域,目前已达上万次,最大震级为5.1级。通过野外地质调查及对已有水库地震数据进行研究,采用构造地质分析方法,对三峡库区仙女山和九畹溪断裂带水库地震空间上的迁移规律、时间上的周期规律以及微地震群的成因机理进行分析。结果表明：从时间上看,水库地震具有周期性,表现为长周期（与库水位相关）和短周期（与库水位快速波动相关）;从空间上看,水库地震具有迁移规律,受九畹溪断裂控制的触发型水库地震存在着逐渐向南迁移的特征,受仙女山断裂控制的触发型水库地震局限分布于仙女山断裂北延端点处,分布于仙女山断裂西侧（周坪乡附近）带状分布的水库诱发地震逐渐呈点状向南迁移。 相似文献
19.
目前，在我国发生岩溶塌陷型水库地震的震例已有10余座，震级不大，但对库区居民影响较深，个别地方还造成房屋的轻微破坏。本文通过对塌陷型水库地震的特点、岩溶发育的规律、影响岩溶发育的因素进行分析，归纳出不同的岩溶发育阶段与水库地震的关系。并结合多年实际工作经验，总结出根据岩体性状和空间展布、岩溶水文地质及岩溶管道系统与库水的关系等评价岩溶塌陷型水库地震的可能性、可能地点及震级上限的方法。 相似文献
20.
Changes in seismic activity have been related to the filling of large reservoirs in over thirty cases. These changes range from variations in the level of micro-earthquake activity detectable only with instruments of high sensitivity to destructive earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6. On the other hand, the filling of many other large reservoirs has not been accompanied by increased seismicity. A number of factors may contribute to the generation or absence of post-impounding seismicity. Increased vertical stress due to the load of the reservoir and decreased effective stress due to increased pore pressure can modify the stress regime in the reservoir region. Whether or not these stress changes are sufficient to generate earthquake activity will depend on a complex interaction of the induced stress with the state of pre-existing stress near the reservoir, and on the geologic and hydrologic conditions at the site. The combined effect of increased vertical load and increased pore pressure will have the greatest tendency to increase activity in regions where the maximum compressive stress is vertical (normal faulting). In regions where the minimum compressive stress is vertical (thrust faulting) increased stress due to a vertical load should have a minimum effect. For all of the larger reservoir-induced earthquakes the stress system determined from fault plane solutions is in agreement with the pre-existing stress field in the region of the reservoir. These earthquakes are all of strike-slip or normal type, there being no reported cases of large induced earthquakes with thrusting mechanisms. The potential for major changes in seismicity may be highest in regions of moderate strain accumulation (low to moderate natural seismicity). In areas of high strain accumulation and high levels of natural seismicity, the stress changes induced by the reservoir will be small compared to natural variations. In aseismic areas, with low strain accumulation, the reservoir-induced stresses may be insufficient to raise the stress level to a state of failure. 相似文献
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