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1.
对华东某铀矿区及对照区稻米中重金属元素Pb的含量进行了研究。该铀矿区尾矿坝、尾矿堆积区、矿床开采区、矿床开采区上游以及下游、矿石矿渣运输道路沿线稻米中Pb含量与位于铀矿区边缘的某村（受矿区水及大气影响）以及非铀矿区某村（不受矿区水系及大气影响）稻米中的Pb含量接近,均未超过国家食品污染限量标准（GB 2762—2012）中谷类Pb的限量。单因素污染评价结果表明,该铀矿区和非铀矿区的稻米均没有受到重金属铅的污染。在自然界中,铅化合物的溶解度低,这可能是铅不易被水稻吸收的原因。 相似文献
2.
《现代地质》2020,(5)
硫化物矿床开采的环境污染效应与围岩性质有密切关系,碳酸盐岩类围岩能在一定程度上中和硫化物矿床开采形成的酸性矿山废水(AMD),从而降低酸性废水及重金属的污染危害。以广西贵港锡基坑硫化物矿床为研究区,系统采集了矿石、尾矿、废水、地表水、悬浮物、底积物及地下水样品,测定了重金属含量及pH值等理化指标,研究了岩溶区硫化物矿床开采的生态效应,以期为类似碳酸盐岩地区硫化物矿床开采的环境污染与生态危害评价、矿山环境保护提供科学依据。研究取得结论如下:(1)尾矿及废水样品中Cd、Pb等重金属含量较高,对矿区地表水及地下水质量构成一定的潜在风险;(2)硫化物矿床开采过程释放的重金属元素对矿区地表水有较显著影响,由于碳酸盐岩的中和作用,流出矿区后地表水、悬浮物及底积物中重金属含量迅速降低,重金属潜在风险处于轻微等级;(3)富含Cd、Pb等重金属的矿坑酸性积水,下渗过程中与碳酸盐岩中的Ca~(2+)、CO_3~(2-)、HCO~-_3发生中和反应而沉淀,矿区地下水环境质量良好,除了尾矿库、矿坑水周边存在少量超标样品外,矿区周边村镇地下水质均未受到明显的采矿污染影响。可见,碳酸盐岩类围岩是重金属元素迁移的天然地球化学障,能有效降低硫化物矿床开采的环境污染风险。 相似文献
3.
《地质科技情报》2016,(6)
在成都平原选取了2个镉污染程度不同的区域,测定了污染区内稻米样本中的Cd、Zn质量分数,分析了这些元素含量随污染程度的变化,探讨了农民就地消费稻米的安全性。结果表明,中度(Ⅲ类土)、重度(超Ⅲ类土)Cd污染区稻米Cd质量分数超标严重,超标率分别达75%和100%,而且重度污染区稻米中的Cd含量是中度污染区的近5倍,但Zn含量差异很小,表明随着土壤Cd含量的增加,会加剧稻米Cd累积和Zn的相对缺乏,从而进一步降低食品的安全性;中度Cd污染区65%、重度Cd污染区92%的稻米样品Cd/Zn比值超过了食物Cd/Zn的健康临界值0.015。分别参照WHO和USEPA推荐的成人RFD(Cd)值和当地居民习惯食物消费结构,分析表明对于农民就地消费稻米来说均存在较大程度的潜在Cd暴露风险,特别是重度污染区。因此,对于成都平原Cd污染区,研究相应的控制Cd污染技术并采取适宜的膳食结构做调节,来确保每日饮食中Cd的安全含量显得尤为迫切。 相似文献
4.
江苏南部典型地区耕作层土壤及农作物中重金属评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在江苏省南部太湖水网地区676 km2范围内采集了0~20 cm耕作层土壤样品3 121件,水稻和小麦籽实及其根系土壤样品103件,测定了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等重金属含量及pH值土壤理化指标。统计分析表明,研究区耕作层土壤重金属平均含量除As、Hg略低于江苏省背景值外,其他重金属都有不同程度的富集。与土壤环境质量标准(GB156018-1995)中Ⅱ级标准相比,各重金属污染程度为HgCdCuZnAsPb。从污染区分布看,Hg为片状污染,Cd以点状污染为主。运用内梅罗指数评价法研究表明,城市周边耕作层土壤已处于警戒状态,主要污染因子为Hg,其次为Cd和Cu;其他地区耕作层土壤总体处于安全状态。根据GB2762-2005标准和NY861-2004标准,研究区水稻籽实As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量均有不同程度的超标;小麦籽实Cd、Zn和Pb也存在不同程度的超标。相关分析表明,水稻籽实中Cd、Cu、Hg和小麦籽实中Cd、Cu与其土壤含量相关性好,显示可能主要来自土壤,其他重金属可能受降尘、灌溉、施肥、农药等因素的影响较大;土壤pH值与水稻籽实中的As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn和小麦籽实中的Zn、Cd呈负相关性,与其他重金属表现为正相关性;分析推断,这一地区耕作层土壤As和Hg主要来源于成土母质,但过量的Hg也反映出它叠加了人为活动的影响,其他重金属元素受人为源输入作用明显。 相似文献
5.
为了弄清楚长江三角洲土壤-水稻系统中Cd污染和迁移制约因素,采集了典型地区的水稻土壤、秸秆、籽实等样品共66组,测试了这些样品中重金属元素和常量元素的含量、土壤pH值和总有机碳含量等参数指标,并对这些参数进行相关性分析,评估水稻土壤与籽实中的Cd污染,探讨Cd空间分布,讨论土壤中pH值和有机质以及其他金属元素对Cd在水稻中积累的制约作用。结果表明：长江三角洲典型地区水稻土壤和籽实都存在Cd含量超标现象,土壤样品中Cd质量分数为（81.39～1 441.00）×10-9,平均值277.40×10-9,而水稻籽实样品中Cd质量分数为（10.44～692.40）×10-9,平均值55.63×10-9;根据土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618—1995）的二级标准,水稻土壤超标率为9.09%,超标样品主要分布在苏州、镇江和常州;根据食品中污染物的限量标准（GB 2762—2005）,水稻籽实Cd含量超标率为4.55%,超标样品集中在苏州和无锡;影响水稻积累Cd的因素有土壤中总有机碳、CaO、MgO、P的含量和pH值;水稻中S和Se含量与Cd含量关系密切,Cd与Zn表现为协同作用,土壤中S、Se和Zn的含量对水稻积累Cd无明显影响;提高土壤中pH值以及增加土壤总有机碳含量,能适当降低水稻中Cd的积累,适当增加土壤中Ca、Mg和P的含量能在一定程度上降低水稻对Cd的吸收。 相似文献
6.
《物探与化探》2020,(4)
在天津蔬菜主产区配套采集土壤与农作物样品,运用相关分析和主成分分析等方法对土壤中有效Cd的含量、影响因素及关键调控因子进行研究。结果表明:研究区土壤样品中Cd的含量范围为0.21×10~(-6)～1.03×10~(-6),平均值为0.47×10~(-6),超过风险筛选值(GB15618-2018)的比例为28%;有效Cd的含量范围0.05×10~(-6)～0.48×10~(-6),平均值为0.14×10~(-6)。农作物样品中Cd含量均低于0.05×10~(-6),满足食品安全要求(GB2762-2017)。农作物中Cd含量与土壤中Cd含量、有效Cd含量分别呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01)。土壤有效Cd含量与pH、CEC、黏粒含量呈负相关(p0.01),与有效P含量呈正相关(p0.01),而与有机质和Eh没有明显相关性。结合主成分分析及线性回归分析结果可以推断,土壤Cd含量是Cd生物有效性的主控因子。 相似文献
7.
为了揭示重庆岩溶地质高背景区土壤-农作物系统中重金属的迁移累积特征,选择在重庆市南部典型岩溶区,系统地采集大宗农作物(水稻、玉米和红薯)及其耕层土壤84组,分析测定农作物及耕层土壤中重金属砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)含量及理化性质,采用地统计、生物富集因子及皮尔逊相关系数分析等方法,开展重金属元素在重庆岩溶地质高背景地区土壤-农作物系统中累积特征及影响因素。结果表明,研究区水稻田、玉米地和红薯地耕层土壤重金属平均含量均高于重庆市和全国表层土壤背景值,呈现不同程度的积累,其中Cd元素富集现象较为突出。依据GB 15618-2018和GB 2762-2017.耕层土壤种Cd超标率达41.59%,水稻、玉米和红薯中Cd超标率分别为5.89%、6.25%和5.56%,显示出岩溶地质高背景区虽然土壤中重金属含量总量高,但生物有效性较低。相关分析显示,土壤-农作物系统Cd等重金属含量主要受土壤pH、土壤质地和土壤中铁锰氧化物影响。 相似文献
8.
云南岩溶区As、Cd元素异常特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
云南岩溶区水系沉积物中As、Cd元素含量分别为6.7~14.9ppm和0.14~0.21ppm,普遍高于省内其它地区。云南不同岩溶区As、Cd元素含量高异常还有较大的差异。As、Cd元素的高异常以滇东南岩溶区最为明显,异常幅度最大;其次为滇东岩溶区、滇西北以及滇西保山—沧源岩溶区;滇东北地区Cd异常较为突出,而As异常较弱。一般从岩石到土壤As、Cd元素呈富集态势,富集约4~5倍。通过对小江流域泸西As、Cd元素高异常区的地球化学和地质环境分析,发现农作物对As吸收量不大,超标率为14.8%;但对Cd元素吸收远高于As元素,超标率高达74.1%。通过对比分析,认为岩溶区碳酸盐岩As、Cd元素的高背景含量(As含量12.89~28.86ppm、Cd含量0.031~0.314ppm)是其风化形成的土壤中As、Cd元素含量高异常的根本来源,As、Cd元素主要通过粘土矿物和有机质的吸附累积而富集。 相似文献
9.
为了研究土壤和稻米元素地球化学分布特征及影响稻米中重金属质量分数的主要因素,对浙江省东部农田根系土-稻谷样品进行了采集和分析。结果表明：各研究区均有重金属元素质量分数高于区域地球化学背景值,尤其是温州南郊地区的Hg、台州泽国地区Cd、绍兴北郊地区的Hg,其质量分数分别是背景值的6倍、5倍及9倍;7个研究区中,只有嘉兴新胜地区的As质量分数超过背景值。其原因是这些地区工业化进程迅速,人为活动频繁,污染较严重。绍兴北郊、嘉兴新丰、嘉兴新胜和桐乡崇福地区稻米中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Se和Pb质量分数均未超过标准限值。稻米对重金属元素的吸收富集主要受土壤有机质、pH、土壤阳离子交换量和黏粒组成等土壤理化性质的影响：土壤有机碳越丰富越有利于稻米对As、Cd、Cr和Ni的吸收;稻米对As、Cd、Mn和Ni的富集系数随着pH上升而下降;土壤阳离子交换量和黏粒组成与水稻As、Cu、Hg、Mn、Pb、Se和Zn的富集系数呈显著负相关。 相似文献
10.
淮北矿区固废堆积区土壤微量元素时空分布规律与环境影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以淮北矿区固废堆积区周边土壤为研究对象,采集不同开采年限矿区的矸石、煤泥和土壤样品,运用ICPAES测定了Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb和As 6种微量元素的含量。研究了不同堆积区土壤中微量元素的分布规律,探讨了堆积时间和固废类型对土壤中微量元素富集的影响,并运用地积累指数法评价土壤环境质量。结果表明,矸石堆积区周边土壤中Pb和As元素含量较高,而煤泥堆积区更易富集Ni、Cu和Zn元素;矸石堆积区周边土壤中微量元素含量随距离和时间增长的变化规律表现出不同的特征;研究区土壤中只有Cu和Zn元素含量超出背景值;根据地积累指数评价结果可知,只有Zn元素属于无污染-轻度污染,研究区整体处于清洁水平。 相似文献
11.
研究矿业活动重金属的释放、迁移及累积特征对于控制和治理矿区水土环境污染具有重要的意义。本文通过广东大宝山矿区水土污染源调查及横石河流域沿岸水土样品采集,以研究区土壤对照值及国家环境质量为标准,试图探讨了大宝山矿区重金属迁移及累积特征。研究结果表明,横石河沿岸土壤重金属元素主要来自采矿活动的酸性废水的排放,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量均超过对照值,呈现出明显的累积特征,且Cd、Cu含量超过了国家土壤环境质量标准;土壤中重金属累积程度及其风险等级呈现出从源头向下游递减的特点,其中凉桥、水楼下地段农田重金属处于高风险区,阳河-莲心村虽有累积,但无风险;上坝村地处土壤重金属累积的中风险区,下坝村处于低风险区。研究结果为矿区重金属污染防治提供了重要依据。 相似文献
12.
The management of uranium tailings, generated as a by-product of ore processing, is particularly important to minimize the environmental footprint of the industry. A clear understanding of tailings slurry behavior is required at the time of deposition to help evaluate the storage capacity and life span of the containment facilities. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the segregation and self-weight settling properties of uranium tailings. Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on tailings from 4, 5, and 6 % nominal mill feeds (high-grade McArthur River ores blended with special wastes on site) from the Cameco Key Lake operation. The results indicate that the three uranium tailings can be characterized as a sandy silt material with a negligible amount of clay. Their depositional behavior is governed by the initial solids content of the slurry. The investigated tailings showed insignificant segregation between 25 and 40 % initial solids content. The initial hydraulic conductivity during settling was about 10?4 m/s at a void ratio of 4 and was increased by half an order of magnitude for the 4 % mill feed, and by almost two orders of magnitude for the 5 and 6 % mill feeds at a void ratio of 8. Over the same range of initial void ratio, the settling potential increased threefold: from 8 to 24 % for the 4 % mill feed and from 12 to 36 % for the 5 and 6 % mill feeds. The better rate and amount of dewatering of future high mill feed tailings as compared to the current low mill feed tailings means that the onsite containment facility can store more tailings thereby supporting a longer life span of the mill. 相似文献
13.
Based on a case study on uranium mine No.765 of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), the paper briefly describes disposal program and effect of decommissioning uranium mine/mill facilities and quantitatively evaluates radon fluxes and doses to man of gaseous airborne pathway from mill tailings and mining debris before and after decommissioning, including annual individual effective dose to critical groups and annual collective effective dose to the population within 80 km region of the facilities. 相似文献
14.
Xu Lechang Research Institute of Uranium Mining CNNC Hengyang Wang Yanxin Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan Dai Xingye Mine No. CNNC Lincang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1998,(3)
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15.
Stefania Da Pelo Elodia Musu Rosa Cidu Franco Frau Pierfranco Lattanzi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):142-152
The Furtei gold mine in Sardinia (Italy) exploits a volcanic-hosted high-sulphidation epithermal deposit. Large amounts of materials derived from exploitation are present in open pits, waste rock dumps and cyanidation tailings impoundment. Mineralized rocks in outcrops and waste dumps contain significant amounts of sulphides (mainly pyrite and enargite). These materials have a high potential for acid drainage generation and release of toxic elements (notably Cu and As, but also Al, Ni, Co and Cd) as pointed out by laboratory leaching tests and in agreement with chemical composition of waters draining the mining area, that show pH as low as 2, up to 180 mg/L Cu, up to 5 mg/L As, and up to 788 mg/L Al. On the other hand, leaching solutions and waters interacting with mineral assemblages of the propylitic alteration zone (mainly composed of chlorite, quartz, and calcite, with relic magmatic plagioclase) show higher pH, and lower metal loads. Leachates from cyanidation tailings show variable pH (between 6.2 and 9.7, depending on sulphide content in tailings); cyanide concentration varies between 110 µg/L and about 3 mg/L, whereas contents of toxic elements in leachates are, with the exception of Hg, within the limits of Italian regulations for non-dangerous industrial wastes. Reclamation plans provide for confinement of tailings within specific repositories. This measure should effectively reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Reclamation plans should also include an adequate management of other high-sulphide wastes. 相似文献
16.
Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area. 相似文献
17.
Rafaele Caboi Rosa Cidu Alessandro Cristini Luca Fanfani Raniero Massoli-Novelli Paola Zuddas 《Engineering Geology》1993,34(3-4):211-218
The Ingurtosu Pb-Zn mine, situated in the southwestern part of Sardinia, has been in production from the beginning of the last century up to 1968. The orebody consists of galena/sphalerite/barite/siderite veins in Ordovician arenaceous and phyllitic sediments, near the contact with a Hercynian batholith.
Abundant tailings were collected in a pond from which they were discharged during the winter months into the sea via the Rio Naracauli stream. Today this area of outstanding scenic beauty, is degraded by tailings and waste rock scattered all along the stream.
Material derived from mining activities was studied for grain size, mineralogical and geochemical composition. The Rio Naracauli was sampled over a length of ten kilometers at regular intervals.
The results can be summarized as follows: (a) tailings contain a varying, but often quite high, percentage of Pb; lower percentages were found for Zn and Cd; (b) a sharp increase in dissolved Zn, Cd and Pb was observed in the Rio Naracauli where it leached the tailings; and (c) tailings and waste rocks should be recycled or revegetated. 相似文献
18.
19.
The 234U/238U alpha activity ratio (AR) was determined in 47 samples of variably uraniferous groundwater from the vicinity of a uranium mill near Cañon City, Colorado. The results illustrate that uranium isotopes can be used to determine the distribution of uranium contamination in groundwater and to indicate processes such as mixing and chemical precipitation that affect uranium concentrations. Highly to moderately contaminated groundwater samples collected from the mill site and land immediately downgradient from the mill site contain more than 100?μg/l of dissolved uranium and typically have AR values in the narrow range of 1.0–1.06. Other samples from the shallow alluvial aquifer farther downgradient from the mill contain 10–100?μg/l uranium and plot along a broad trend of increasing AR (1.06–1.46) with decreasing uranium concentration. The results are consistent with mixing of liquid mill waste (AR≈1.0) with alluvial groundwater of small, but variable, uranium concentrations and AR of 1.3–1.5. In the alluvial aquifer, the spatial distribution of wells with AR values less than 1.3 is consistent with previous estimates of the probable distribution of contamination, based on water chemistry and hydrology. Wells more distant from the area of probable contamination have AR values that are consistently greater than 1.3 and are indicative of little or no contamination. The methodology of this study can be extended usefully to similar sites of uranium mining, milling, or processing provided that local geohydrologic settings promote uranium mobility and that introduced uranium contamination is isotopically distinct from that of local groundwater. 相似文献
20.
刁江流域上游的矿山和矿山开发引发了显著的土壤环境地球化学变化,突出表现是沿岸形成了严重的土壤重金属污染带。污染带的分布与近20多年来的洪水淹没区和引水灌溉区呈现高度的一致性。上游地带的土壤污染区有明显的尾砂沉积,污染呈显性状态,而下游地带的尾砂沉积现象不明显,污染表现为隐性。无论是上游还是下游,土壤中的As、Pb、Zn、Cd含量均异常高。水田的犁底层对污染物质具有明显的隔断作用,而旱地淀积层中的污染物含量比较高,对污染物质的隔断作用不明显。污染耕地上生产的玉米中的Cd、Pb、Zn含量和大米中的Cd、Pb含量超过国家食品卫生标准。 相似文献