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1.
矽卡岩型锡矿是全球重要的锡金属来源,但是锡石沉淀成矿机制仍存在较大的争议。垄上矽卡岩型锡矿床位于湘东锡田锡多金属矿田中部,是南岭钨锡成矿带内矽卡岩型锡矿的典型代表。本文在野外考察、矿石矿相学、流体包裹体岩相学研究的基础上,采用流体包裹体组合法对垄上矽卡岩矿床不同矿化阶段代表矿物中的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。结果显示,垄上矽卡岩型多金属矿床成矿阶段可划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、云英岩-氧化物阶段、石英硫化物阶段以及萤石碳酸盐化等5个阶段,其中,锡石主要形成于云英岩-氧化物阶段。与锡石密切共生的石英中发育流体包裹体类型主要为富液相、富气相两相水溶液包裹体,含液相CO_(2)三相水溶液包裹体和纯CO_(2)型包裹体。流体温度和盐度具有较大的变化范围(200-400℃和2%-9%NaCleqv),指示流体在降温过程中经历了显著的不混溶。与硫化物共生的石英中主要为富液相两相水溶液包裹体,温度和盐度主要集中在190-261℃和3%-7%NaCleqv,指示流体冷却过程同时经历了流体混合。本次研究提出锡田矽卡岩型矿床中流体不混溶是导致云英岩-氧化物阶段锡石沉淀成矿的主要机制,而流体冷却和混合是导致硫化物沉淀的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
湖南芙蓉锡多金属矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南芙蓉锡多金属矿床是中国最近发现的具有巨大找矿潜力的锡矿田，本文对白蜡水矿区和狗头岭矿区中主要的4种矿化类型（矽卡岩型、蚀变花岗岩、锡石硫化物型、云英岩型）进行了系统的流体包裹体研究，研究表明：该矿床中流体包裹体类型复杂，包括富含CO2包裹体、气液包裹体、含子晶包裹体和气相包裹体。成矿流体为富含CO2、CH4等挥发分的高盐度、高温度的岩浆期后热液，成矿流体压力为1800~179 bar。锡成矿过程早期曾发生过流体不混溶和沸腾作用。CO2相的分离导致热液流体的pH值升高，低盐度、低温大气降水的混入，导致成矿流体的温度进一步降低和锡石的沉淀。 相似文献
3.
黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
对黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床内花岗闪长岩中石英斑晶、硫化物阶段及石英-碳酸盐阶段的石英、方解石中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温学和显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,流体包裹体有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型;花岗闪长岩石英斑晶中的含子矿物多相包裹体均一温度均值为4320C,盐度在30.92 wt%～63.91 wt%NaCl eqv.之间,平均为52.96 wt%NaCl eqv.,代表了高温、高盐度岩浆流体;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿磁铁矿矿石中流体温度主要介于323～424℃之间,盐度介于8.95 wt%～62.51 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿矿石中流体温度主要介于333～441℃之间,盐度介于8.28 wt%～65.32 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体温度主要介于124～140℃之间,盐度介于1.65 wt%～4.34 wt%NaCl eqv.之间.铁铜矿石均形成于高温、高盐度阶段,以岩浆热液为主,在成矿晚期,由于大气降水的混合,形成了少量低温、低盐度流体,成矿流体以富Na、K、Ca、Cl-和CO~2_3-的高盐度流体为特征,主体属于NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-H_2S-CH_4体系.成矿流体在300～400℃区间内发生了强烈的沸腾作用,导致大量金属硫化物和少量金属氧化物沉淀,沸腾作用对三矿沟铁铜矿床的形成起到至关重要的作用. 相似文献
4.
大兴安岭锡矿带是中国北方唯一成型的锡多金属成矿带。新近发现的内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。该矿床为一典型的大型斑岩型-热液脉型锡多金属矿床,矿区内锡矿化主要赋存于石英斑岩体顶部及其上部的石英脉中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英斑岩体内的滴状锡锌矿化阶段、石英斑岩体上部石英脉中的辉钼矿矿化阶段、石英-锡石-黑钨矿阶段和石英多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究结果显示:流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,尤其是富液相包裹体,其次为含子矿物的三相包裹体。斑岩体内矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度为324~333℃,盐度为6.5%~7.5%NaCl_(eqv),密度为0.73~0.74g/cm~3;石英脉型矿化阶段包裹体均一温度为201~324℃,盐度为3.4%~9.9%NaCl_(eqv),密度为0.73~0.92g/cm~3。包裹体显微测温分析结果显示该矿区成矿流体具有中高温、低盐度、中密度的特征。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体液相成分主要为H_2O,气相成分主要有H_2O、CO_2和CH_4。氢氧同位素研究结果表明该矿床石英斑岩体上部石英脉矿化阶段的成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源,以岩浆水为主。岩浆流体与大气降水的混合以及流体演化中的降温过程是该矿床矿石沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
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河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床地质和流体包裹体研究 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床是东秦岭钼矿带的5个超大型钼矿床之一,产于华北克拉通南缘,形成于燕山期碰撞造山体制的后碰撞构造环境.矿体定位于燕山期花岗斑岩与栾川群浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造的外接触带,矿石构造主要是浸染状和网脉状,广泛发育长英质脉、辉钼矿脉、石英.辉钼矿脉、石英-黄铁矿脉、碳酸盐-萤石脉等.围岩蚀变类型复杂,主要有矽卡岩化、钾化、硅化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、萤石化以及黄铁矿化、辉钼矿化等硫化物化,矿石类型主要是矽卡岩型和角岩型,属于典型矽卡岩型钼钨矿床.成矿过程分为矽卡岩阶段(早)、石英-硫化物阶段(中)和石英-碳酸盐(晚)3个阶段.流体包裹体有CO_2-H_2O、H_2O-NaCl和含子晶包裹体等3种类型,早阶段主要发育CO_2-H_2O和含子晶包裹体,晚阶段只见H_2O-NaCl包裹体,中阶段发育3类包裹体;早、中、晚3个阶段流体包裹体均一温度分别为394～552℃、290～410℃和140～290℃,盐度分别为20.60 wt%～67.18 wt% NaCl.eqv、6.30 wt%～48.55 wt%NaCl.eqv和3.39 wt%～11.46wt% NaCl.eqv.早阶段流体具有高温、高盐度、富含CO_2的岩浆热液特征,晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO_2为特征,中阶段流体沸腾作用强烈,是成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制.成矿系统由静岩压力向静水压力体系转变,趋于开放. 相似文献
6.
湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿床成矿地质特征及成矿模式 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对锡田钨锡多金属矿床地质特征的研究,认为锡田矿区钨锡多金属矿体的形态、产状及空间展布严格受岩体接触带及断裂构造控制;矿床类型主要为矽卡岩型,其次为破碎带蚀变岩型、云英岩型等;钨锡多金属成矿作用与岩浆活动密切相关:印支期花岗岩浆侵位形成矽卡岩型钨锡矿(化)体;燕山期花岗岩浆侵位导致早期矿化矽卡岩发生叠加矿化,同时在构造破碎带中形成云英岩型锡矿或破碎带蚀变岩型钨锡多金属矿体,是形成规模巨大的钨锡多金属工业矿床的必要条件.此外,提出了锡田矿区钨锡多金属矿的成矿模式. 相似文献
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8.
广西大厂矿田高峰锡多金属矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广西大厂锡多金属矿田是世界著名的锡矿产地之一。矿田内绝大部分锡锌资源量分布在西成矿带的高峰和长坡-铜坑两个矿床之中,其中赋存在中泥盆统生物礁灰岩中的高峰100号体以其品位高(Sn 1. 79%、Zn 10. 1%、Pb 5. 21%、Sb4. 8%、Ag 235g/t)、规模大(矿石量超过1300万吨)而在整个大厂矿田中占据非常重要的地位。本文在扫描电镜-阴极发光(SEM-CL)图像分析的基础上,对高峰锡多金属矿床成矿早期锡石-毒砂-磁黄铁矿阶段和成矿晚期硫化物-硫盐-碳酸盐阶段的流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学及其气相成分的激光Raman光谱进行了系统研究。结果表明,成矿早期锡石-毒砂-磁黄铁矿阶段石英和锡石中主要发育富含CO2和CH4气相流体包裹体,其均一温度和盐度分别为360～410℃和3%～6%Na Cleqv;成矿晚期硫化物-硫盐-碳酸盐阶段石英中则仅发育气-液两相盐水流体包裹体,具有相对低的均一温度(270～310℃)和盐度(3%～6%Na Cleqv)。石英和锡石的H-O同位素组成指示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液。对比矿田内其他矿床,进一步发现高峰矿床富CO2气相流体的盐度(3%～6%Na Cleqv)与拉么矽卡岩型Zn-Cu矿床富CO2气相流体的盐度(7%～9%Na Cleqv)相近,认为高峰矿床与拉么矿床可能具有相同的成矿流体来源,两者均来源于深部岩浆房中分异出的超临界流体。高峰矿床成矿流体可能主要来源于深部矽卡岩阶段富CO2气相流体的压缩和冷却(vapor contraction and cooling)。流体冷却过程可能是锡石-硫化物成矿的主要控制因素。高峰矿床-200m中段以上矿体,锡石和石英中的流体包裹体以富CO2和CH4气相流体包裹体为主,而缺失多子晶流体包裹体组合,推测高峰矿床-200m中段以下可能存在富含成矿金属的高密度卤水,从而形成高品位的锡多金属脉状矿体或矽卡岩型Zn-Cu矿体。 相似文献
9.
骑田岭A型花岗岩流体包裹体地球化学特征——对芙蓉超大型锡矿成矿流体来源的指示 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
南岭中段骑田岭A型花岗岩与芙蓉超大型锡矿床具有密切的时间和空间关系。流体包裹体地球化学研究表明,骑田岭A型花岗岩石英斑晶中的流体包裹体类型主要有熔融包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体和流体包裹体。流体-熔融包裹体的显微测温学研究结果显示,骑田岭A花岗岩在岩浆演化过程中可以分异出流体,且岩浆分异出的流体与芙蓉超大型锡矿床流体包裹体所反映的高温和高盐度的CaCl2-NaCl-KCl-H2O流体体系的特征相吻合。综合分析表明,芙蓉超大型锡矿床成矿流体中的高盐度流体应为骑田岭黑云母二长花岗岩结晶过程中分异出的富含Cl等挥发份和成矿物质的高盐度热流体。 相似文献
10.
白沙子岭锡矿床赋存于大义山复式花岗岩体内,发育蚀变花岗岩型和云英岩脉型两个主要矿床类型,两类矿床在空间上相伴产出.通过矿床成矿地质背景和地质特征的研究,运用同位素和包裹体测试成果,探讨了矿床成因及成矿作用过程.铅同位素表明,锡成矿物质为幔、壳源混合来源.氢、氧同位素特征指示成矿流体主要为沸腾岩浆水.云英岩脉型和蚀变花岗岩型锡矿脉(体)在空间上的耦合性以及它们的流体包裹体和硫、铅同位素特征表明,构造作用和岩浆演化的联合作用是成矿的主要控制因素.成矿温度为130～425℃,盐度为1.40%～11.22%,成矿压力为67×105～537×105Pa.矿床属中高温岩浆热液矿床. 相似文献
11.
I. M. Gorokhov M. A. Semikhatov M. M. Arakelyants E. A. Fallick N. N. Mel’nikov T. L. Turchenko T. A. Ivanovskaya T. S. Zaitseva E. P. Kutyavin 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(3):260-274
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation. 相似文献
12.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
13.
Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
14.
扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
15.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上，选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩，进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO，低MgO，具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高，具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集，中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异，轻微的Eu异常；玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大，但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常，部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常，无Zr、Hf负异常，与岛弧火山岩不同；同时Nb、Ta无分异，Zr/Hf值较高，具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为，滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用，同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献
18.
海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差. 相似文献
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Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns. 相似文献