共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。 相似文献
2.
To verify numerical models used for the development of an early warning system for rainfall induced landslides, a back analysis of a roadway embankment adjacent to State Highway 1 in Silverdale, New Zealand has been undertaken. The embankment collapsed in June 2008 as a result of prolonged rainfall. The failure occurred in a cut slope through the landslide-prone Northland Allochthon formation. Using volumetric water content sensors and a rainfall gauge, recordings were made of the field response of the soil due to rainfall events during the 2010 winter. Saturated/unsaturated seepage analyses were undertaken using empirically obtained soil parameters to simulate the variation in the monitored volumetric water contents in conjunction with a slope stability analysis to determine the factor of safety of the slope. The rainfall record that caused the slope failure was then applied as an influx to this model to determine the factor of safety against slope failure. If modelled correctly, this factor of safety should reach a minimum at the same time the landslide occurred. If a good agreement between the models and the field observations is reached, the models can be used to create a cost-effective early warning system. 相似文献
3.
降雨在松散堆积土中入渗引起内部水土力学的变化是影响稳定性的关键。目前研究多侧重考虑颗粒粒径、含量等因素对斜坡破坏的影响,但是针对斜坡体内部水土响应及稳定性时空演化方面的研究存在不足。基于野外滑坡案例,通过室内降雨滑坡模型试验、土力学试验和理论分析手段,研究了降雨触发松散堆积体斜坡变形破坏过程及模式,采用Van Genuchten模型（VG模型）重构了土体的土-水特征曲线,重点探究了斜坡内部水土力学变化以及稳定性时空演化规律。结果表明：（1）堆积体斜坡破坏经历了微裂隙发育-局部破坏-整体破坏3个阶段,呈现出“初期拉裂-坡面坍塌-塑性滑动”的破坏模式;（2）入渗过程斜坡体积含水率以及孔隙水压力急速增加,而土颗粒之间基质吸力下降甚至消散,促进了斜坡破坏发展;（3）土体力学强度随体积含水率升高呈指数下降,体积含水率为36.3%时,有效黏聚力和有效内摩擦角仅为0.27 kPa、3.39°;（4）基于极限平衡理论和斜坡土水特征监测数据,构建了斜坡稳定性时空演化图谱,与模型试验破坏特征有较好的一致性。研究结果对降雨作用下的堆积层斜坡监测预警与防灾减灾提供理论支撑。 相似文献
4.
降雨是诱发滑坡最主要的因素。为减少滑坡灾害造成的人员伤亡和经济损失,滑坡早期预警系统成为了最佳选择之一。根据弹性波传播的基本原理和基于降雨型滑坡变形破坏的特点,提出利用弹性波波速来反映边坡表面土体含水率和位移的变化。开发研制了一套三轴渗流-弹性波测试三轴仪和相关系统。该装置能让水从底部渗入土体,模拟降雨入渗土体的过程,同时能测试弹性波波速。试验过程中同步测试含水率、变形和弹性波波速的变化。还进行了降雨滑坡模型试验。利用三轴弯曲元注水试验和降雨滑坡模型试验,深入分析和研究降雨引起的土体滑坡过程与弹性波波速演化规律,揭示波速与含水率和变形的耦合关系。研究结果表明,弹性波波速随着含水率的增大而缓慢减小,随着变形的增大而急剧减小,临近失稳时,波速骤然减小。根据试验结果对含水率和变形导致弹性波波速减小可能的机制进行了解释,提出弹性波在波速骤然减小时发出滑坡预警。研究结果为滑坡防灾减灾和预测预报提供新的方法和可靠的依据。 相似文献
5.
Detection of water infiltration and deformation of unsaturated soils by elastic wave velocity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Intense rainfall is the most important landslide trigger. In many mountainous environments of the world, heavy rainfall has caused many landslides and slope failures in a matter of seconds without warning. Therefore, an early warning system can be an effective measure to reduce the damage caused by landslides and slope failures by facilitating the timely evacuation of people from landslide-prone areas. In this study, we propose an idea to correlate soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil. Constant shear stress drained triaxial tests where water was infiltrated from the bottom of specimen until failure, and slope model tests under artificial rainfall were performed to investigate the response of elastic wave velocities during pre-failure phases of rainwater infiltration and deformation. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity when failure was initiated. Possible mechanisms were interpreted based on the test results. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. This approach can thus serve as the basis of an early warning system for landslides and slope failure considering both moisture content and deformation. 相似文献
6.
降雨诱发滑坡阶跃型变形的预测分析及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡进入蠕动变形阶段之后,往往难以及时开展勘察治理工作,合理的临灾预警是有效减少滑坡灾害损失的重要手段。首先确定降雨诱发“阶跃型”滑坡的预警关键判据为前期降雨、当次降雨、位移速率,并引入“一个降雨过程”定义滑坡监测的降雨区间,将预警过程分为当次降雨和前期降雨+当次降雨两种模式。然后运用最小二乘法确定滑坡“阶跃”变形曲线上的“破坏拐点”和“稳定拐点”用以确定变形加速区间,以此求解前期降雨、当次降雨以及移速率阈值。最后以王家坡滑坡为例,设计了两种模式下的5级递进式分级预警模型。研究表明：（1）前期降雨与当次降雨组成“一个降雨过程”的时间间隔为7 d;（2）王家坡滑坡的位移速率阈值为20 mm/d;（3）前期降雨+当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的前期降雨、当次降雨阈值分别为10、15 mm,当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的降雨阈值为25 mm。 相似文献
7.
滑坡预警系统是减少降雨型滑坡灾害的重要手段,其中针对具体单个滑坡失稳的预警系统,尽管具有较好的物理判断依据,但由于其构造机制较为复杂,目前仍然比较少见。基于无限边坡算法构建了较为简单的实验室降雨型滑坡技术性预警系统,并详细介绍了该系统的预警思路、预警时间计算原理、信息交流及反馈的实现。通过模型试验结果考察该预警系统在估算不同降雨强度及不同初始含水状态下滑坡失稳时间的表现,并对模型试验结果、预警能力进行分析。结果表明,基于无限边坡算法的预警系统的预警能力尽管受到降雨侵蚀、滑动面位置、初始含水状态的影响,但仍然具有较好的准确性。 相似文献
8.
The behavior due to rainfall infiltrating the ground plays a role in landslides, groundwater recharge and various other ground
responses. Most of these geotechnical behaviors have a correlation between soil pore space and soil volumetric water content
in the unsaturated and saturated soil porous media. Therefore, the soil porosity associated with soil pores and the distribution
of volumetric water content are significantly important hydrological characteristics. In the case of shallow slope failure
such as landslide, the infiltration activity due to the connectivity of soil pore spaces in a porous media is induced. Slope
failure may be attributed to the effect of a wetting front with the slope due to liquid infiltration, which changes the volumetric
water content, soil matric suction and shear strength of the slope. This study was performed with an unsaturated injection
test using a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) dielectric device which measures the dielectric constant of unsaturated
soil and the study then proposed the unsaturated dielectric mixing models to calculate soil porosity and effective porosity
of unsaturated soils. From the experimental results the ratio of effective porosity to porosity of soils are measured in a
range of 70–85%. These experimental results show a decrease of about 5–10% for unsaturated soil compared to the ratio of effective
porosity to porosity of saturated soil. The infiltration passages of tracer material are restricted within the pore connectivity
in the unsaturated soil which is caused by dead-pores in the soil. Using the FDR device and the unsaturated dielectric mixing
models, we can consider the acquisition of physical properties to detect the infiltration activity, the response of the dielectric
constant along with the injected tracer and hydrological parameters for the unsaturated soil porous media. 相似文献
9.
10.
Yi-heng Pan Jian-ping Chen Li-qing Wu Wei Wang Fu-lin Tan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):183-194
In this study, two different research methods are applied to investigate the evolution mechanism and rainfall warning criteria for Maijianwo slope located in Henan Province, China. On the one hand, an indoor-model test is performed under artificial rainfall and based on similarity theory. A set of monitoring system is utilized to track the moisture content, deformation and cracks of critical points of the model during the test. On the other hand, the numerical simulation is carried out to provide an insight into the variation of unstable zone and factor of safety for the landslide with the increasing cumulative rainfall. Results indicate that the evolution process of Maijianwo slope is composed of three stages of initiating, accelerating and failure respectively, and stability of slope decreases gradually as cumulative rainfall increases. Based on the evolution mechanism of retrogressive landslide verified by both model test and numerical simulation, cracking time of critical positions on the slope prior to each stage were set as the initiating time of each stage and the cumulative rainfall associated with each initiating time (E1 = 75 mm, E2 = 180 mm) has been defined as the warning criteria for the Maijianwo slope. As the cumulative rainfall in Maijianwo slope reaches 75 and 180 mm, the landslide orange and red warning codes are issued, respectively. Otherwise, the slope is in a safe condition when the cumulative rainfall is less than 75 mm. 相似文献
11.
三峡库区树坪滑坡变形失稳机制分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
树坪滑坡自2003年三峡水库蓄水以来,就一直持续变形。为了对其稳定性及变形发展趋势进行评价和预测,有必要对其变形失稳机制进行深入研究。为此,采用现场地质调查和勘探的方法确定了滑坡的形态和性质;充分挖掘变形监测数据,详细分析了滑坡的变形特征。在此基础上,深入研究了变形失稳机制及影响因素,并对滑坡的稳定性进行了计算和预测。结果表明,滑坡区地形、岩性及地质构造等地质因素控制了树坪滑坡的形成和发展;库水位下降和大气降雨进一步激励了滑坡的变形。库水位下降,坡体内地下水位随之下降,但其速度远小于库水位下降速度,导致坡体内水力梯度和渗透力明显增大,从而使滑坡稳定性急剧下降,并且库水位下降速度越快,滑坡的位移速率也越大,是典型的水库下降型滑坡。在库水位下降过程中,若出现明显的降雨过程,更加剧了滑坡的变形,有产生大规模滑动的可能性,须采取防护治理措施。 相似文献
12.
锦屏水电站对外交通专用公路K48+722~800段滑坡受降雨影响明显,其深层稳定性关系到工程安全。本文依据实验数据,采用Fredlund-Xing方法拟合出滑坡体材料的土水特征曲线,以体积含水率反应土体初始湿润状态,研究了降雨条件下边坡压力水头的演化规律,体积含水率对压力水头以及边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明,降雨初期,坡体表面以及滑面处压力水头先增大,并向坡体内部逐渐扩展。雨停一段时间后,坡体表面以及前缘区压力水头逐渐消散,滑面后缘局部地区压力水头会有所升高,压力水头随着体积含水率的增大而增大。体积含水率较小时,在一定的时间内,边坡的稳定性系数先保持稳定,后缓慢降低;当体积含水率较大时,雨停一定时间后边坡的稳定性系数会出现上升的趋势。 相似文献
13.
降雨条件下浅层滑坡稳定性探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
降雨条件下浅层滑坡是一种常见、多发的地质灾害现象,为了解边坡稳定性随降雨入渗过程的变化情况,以Green-Ampt入渗模型为基础,并考虑了动水压力的作用,建立了降雨入渗条件下浅层滑坡的概念模型,分别推导了降雨前有、无地下水位条件下的边坡安全系数与降雨时间的关系表达式。从分析结果中可以看出,对于这两种情况下边坡稳定性发生突变的主要原因归结于：前者为在湿润锋与地下水位面接触的短时间内,滑带处的孔隙水压力迅速增高;后者为滑带在浸水饱和情况下,岩土体的强度迅速降低。在此基础上,根据降雨过程中边坡是否达到饱和,提出边坡饱和临界时间的概念,考虑了初始降雨强度小于土壤入渗能力的情况。这个时间可以作为一个参数指标用于浅层滑坡的预警。 相似文献
14.
Landslides are recurring phenomena causing damages to private property, public facilities, and human lives. The need for an affordable instrumentation that can be used to provide an early warning of slope instability to enable the evacuation of vulnerable people, and timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure is self-evident. A new emerging technique that correlates soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil was developed. This approach quantifies elastic wave propagation as wave velocity. To verify its applicability, a series of fixed and varied slope model tests, as well as a large scale model test, were conducted. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity with failure initiation, soil deformation was thus envisaged to have more significant effect on elastic wave velocity than water content. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. Based on these observations, expected operation of the elastic wave velocity monitoring system for landslide prediction in the field application is presented. Consequently, we conclude that the elastic wave velocity monitoring technique has the potential to contribute to landslide prediction. 相似文献
15.
近年来,随着“治沟造地”和“固沟保塬”等工程在黄土高原的陆续开展,出现了许多直线型黄土填方边坡。降雨是诱发边坡失稳的重要因素,但对降雨诱发直线型黄土填方边坡变形演化特征和破坏模式的研究较少。以直线型黄土填方边坡为研究对象,通过传感器监测、三维激光扫描和人工降雨,开展室内降雨模型试验,记录了降雨入渗下边坡内部水文响应特征和边坡失稳破坏过程,并对湿润锋、土颗粒运移、坡体内部变形响应、裂缝演化特征及破坏模式进行了分析。试验结果表明:随着降雨入渗,湿润锋达到后,体积含水率增加,并在峰值后保持稳定,而基质吸力则减小,到达最低点后保持稳定。冲沟对填方边坡的影响较大,它的发育改变了坡体内含水率特征,同时也是控制边坡整体滑动的边界;边坡变形响应区域主要是以填方边坡前缘堆积区和后缘滑塌区为主;裂缝演化方向由边坡前缘向后缘发展,它的发育为雨水入渗提供优势通道,同时也加剧边坡的变形破坏;降雨形成的水动力驱使坡体中细颗粒从填方边坡后缘向前缘流失,减弱了土体颗粒之间的胶结能力,使其抗剪强度降低,进而使边坡失稳破坏。因此,在降雨入渗下,直线型黄土填方边坡的变形破坏模式为:坡顶冲沟破坏、坡脚软化→局部牵引坍塌、整体失稳→块体分割、流滑破坏。研究结果可为直线型黄土填方边坡的工程建设和滑坡灾害防治提供理论参考。 相似文献
16.
The Kualiangzi landslide was triggered by heavy rainfalls in the “red beds” area of Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. Differing from other bedrock landslides, the movement of the Kualiangzi landslide was controlled by the subvertical cracks and a subhorizontal bedding plane (dip angle < 10°). The ingress of rainwater in the cracks formed a unique groundwater environment in the slope. Field measurement for rainfall, groundwater movement, and slope displacement has been made for the Kualiangzi landslide since 2013. The field monitoring system consists of two rainfall gauges, seven piezometers, five water-level gauges, and two GPS data loggers. The equipments are embedded near a longitudinal section of the landslide, where severe deformation has been observed in the past 3 years. The groundwater responses to four heavy rainfall events were analyzed between June 16 and July 24 in 2013 coincided with the flood season in Sichuan. Results showed that both of the water level and the pore-water pressure increased after each rainfall event with delay in the response time with respect to the precipitation. The maximum time lag reached 35 h occurred in a heavy rainfall event with cumulative precipitation of 127 mm; such lag effect was significantly weakened in the subsequent heavy rainfall events. In each presented rainfall event, longer infiltration period in the bedrock in the upper slope increased the response time of groundwater, compared to that of in the gravels in the lower slope. A translational landslide conceptual model was built for the Kualiangzi landslide, and the time lag was attributed to the gradual formation of the uplift pressure on the slip surface and the softening of soils at the slip surface. Another important observation is the effect on the slope movement which was caused by the water level (H w) in the transverse tension trough developed at the rear edge of the landslide. Significant negative correlation was found for H w and the slope stability factor (F s), in particular for the last two heavy rainfall events, of which the drastic increase of water level caused significant deterioration in the slope stability. The rapid drop (Δ?=?22.5 kPa) of pore-water pressure in the deep bedrock within 1 h and the large increase (Δ?=?87.3 mm) of surficial displacement were both monitored in the same period. In the end, a four-level early warning system is established through utilizing H w and the displacement rate D r as the warning indicators. When the large deformation occurred in flood season, the habitants at the leading edge of the landslide can be evacuated in time. 相似文献
17.
填方路堤变形失稳是西部山区工程建设的常见问题。重庆某高速公路边坡为典型的堆载条件下降雨诱发型滑坡,填方堆载后,填方边坡在连续降雨条件下,沿基岩之上的软弱面产生滑动破坏。定性分析认为,降雨在滑坡形成中起着关键作用,为了研究填方边坡在降雨条件下的变形破坏机制及孔隙水压力与变形之间的关系,采用物理模拟方法研究边坡变形失稳的全过程,分析孔隙水压力随降雨时间的变化规律及其与变形破坏的关系。研究结果表明：边坡后缘大方量堆载,改变了其应力条件,是滑坡产生的主要因素。场地施工改变了原有的地表水环境,连续强降雨致使大量下渗的雨水,不仅显著改变坡体应力条件,而且雨水沿着滑面运移软化滑带,是滑坡产生的重要诱发因素。孔隙水压力在坡体失稳过程中起着关键作用,填方体土碎屑、泥质含量大,下渗的雨水携带上部细小颗粒及滑带泥质成分至滑带附近,堵塞地下水消散通道,表现为坡体变形积累,孔隙水压力增加;边坡变形陡增,孔隙水压力降低。该滑坡破坏分为降雨下渗、滑带饱水软化、后缘产生裂缝、裂缝贯通-整体滑动4个阶段,为蠕滑-拉裂式滑坡。 相似文献
18.
降雨是诱发边坡变形失稳的主要因素,而针对降雨型边坡的预警预报也一直是工程领域的核心问题。本文将蒙特卡罗方法引入降雨型滑坡的预警预报,首先基于正态分布的岩土体物理力学参数,建立了边坡的有限元数值计算模型,并分析了9种不同型式降雨下边坡稳定性系数的变化情况。结果显示递增型降雨对边坡的稳定性尤为不利,均匀型降雨次之,递减型降雨影响最小。其次,将降雨过程划分为前期降雨+当期降雨,并确定了前期降雨对于当期降雨的有效时间为6 d。最后,论文结合可靠度理论,选取失效概率Pf=10%作为预警指标,通过把前期降雨引入降雨强度-降雨历时关系曲线并作为第三坐标轴,最终将该曲线扩展成为前期降雨(A)-当期降雨(I)-降雨历时(D)曲面(A-I-D阈值曲面),研究结果对于降雨型边坡的预警预报具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
19.
灌溉诱发的黄土滑坡大多数具有明显的突发性特征;斜坡破坏过程变形量小,历时短,具有较大的危险性。由于此类黄土滑坡加速变形阶段经历时间较短,GNSS系统和裂缝计等传统监测手段难以获取加速变形阶段系统完整的监测数据,更难以提前预警。针对这一难题,自主研发了自适应智能变频裂缝仪,它能够根据滑坡变形快慢自动调整采样频率。基于获取的黑方台多个突发型黄土滑坡的全过程变形-时间曲线,对这些变形曲线特征和规律进行分析研究,建立了针对性的黄土滑坡综合预警模型。将变形速率阈值和改进切线角作为滑坡预警的重要指标,建立了4级预警判据,通过自主研发的"地质灾害实时监测预警系统"实现滑坡的实时自动预警,并将预警信息与当地的群防群测信息平台对接,为防灾应急避让提供直接依据。2017年以来已先后6次对黑方台黄土滑坡实施成功预警,避免了重大人员伤亡,取得显著的防灾减灾效果。 相似文献
20.
研究不同渗流边界条件下粉砂边坡的稳定特性对滑坡安全评价及防灾减灾具有重要意义。开发研制了室内边坡模型试验系统,分别进行了在上部边界入渗、侧向边界入渗和底部边界入渗的边坡失稳模型试验。分析了各试验中边坡内部不同位置体积含水率、孔隙水压力和基质吸力的变化规律以及坡体破坏过程。结果表明,不同入渗边界条件下边坡土体局部由非饱和变为饱和状态,基质吸力消失,最后在坡面形成不稳定区域塌落破坏。上部边界入渗、侧向边界入渗和底部边界入渗所引起的破坏模式根据其特点可分为局部浅层破坏、多级后退式破坏和坡面滑动破坏。通过监测边坡不同位置的体积含水率,可以为渗流引发的边坡失稳预警机制提供参考依据。 相似文献