首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
中国大陆科学钻探工程的科学目标及初步成果   总被引:34,自引:20,他引:34  
中国大陆科学钻探工程的主孔位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海县,其穿过的岩石曾位于板块会聚边界的地幔深处,是研究大陆深俯冲及地幔动力学的最佳地区。中国大陆科学钻探的科学目标旨在通过对钻孔中获取的全部连续岩心、液态和气态样品及原位测井数据进行的全方位测量与综合研究,建立5000m孔深的各类多学科精细剖面,再造北中国板块与扬子板块会聚边界深部三维物质的组成和分布及三维结构构造;阐明板块会聚边缘的深部流体作用、壳一幔相互作用及地幔中物质循环和流变学;寻找超深地幔条件下形成的特征矿物,揭示超高压变质成矿机理;建立结晶岩地区地球物理理论模型和解释标尺;揭示超高压变质岩石的形成与折返模型及板块会聚边界的深部动力学机制。通过5km深孔营造的特殊地下空问,研究现代地壳的物理、化学及生物作用,并将建立亚洲第一个大陆科学钻探深孔长期观察实验站。中国大陆科学钻探工程已取得初步成果。主孔2000m岩心的深度和方位准确归位;建立了岩性、地球化学、构造、矿化、岩石物性、地下流体及各类测井等精细剖面;揭示了发现除超镁铁质岩外的各类岩石中的柯石英;通过SHRIMP测年准确确定超高压及退变质事件的年龄;初步揭示了超高压及退变质过程中流体的变化及水一岩作用;划分了构造岩片单元,确定了其边界的韧性剪切带性质,并发现早期构造信息;建立的随岩性变化的弹性波速度和热导率连续剖面对地震反射和热结构提供了岩石物性的制约;VSP地震剖面揭示了孔区深部的构造岩片结构,以及强地震反射层和大型韧性剪切带有关;发现地下特殊气体一甲烷、二氧化碳及氦气的异常,以及气体异常越往深部越频繁出现的规律。经DNA分析,在超高压岩心中发现在极端条件下形成的微生物。  相似文献   

2.
许志琴 《岩石学报》2007,23(12):3041-3053
中国大陆科学钻探工程和苏鲁高压-超高压变质带为大陆岩石圈的深俯冲与折返动力学的研究提供了以下制约:(1)苏鲁高压/超高压变质地体迭置于南、北苏鲁两个不同时代及属性的基底之上;(2)苏鲁巨量表壳岩石深俯冲至200km以下的上地幔深度,并经历超高压变质作用;(3)根据不同类型超高压变质岩石锆石的SHRIMP-U/Pb原位精确定年,获得超高压变质岩石的深俯冲-折返全过程(240~252Ma→230~237Ma→207~218Ma)时限.并建立了新的深俯冲-折返全过程的P-T-t轨迹;(4)富钛铁的辉长岩在大陆地壳的深俯冲过程中,经历了超高压变质作用并转变成了富含金红石的榴辉岩,形成了超高压变质的钛矿床;(5)通过榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩的显微构造分析及石榴石、绿辉石和橄榄石EBSD测量,确定深俯冲过程中绿辉石和橄榄石的组构运动学和流变学特征;(6)在大陆的深俯冲过程中,强烈水化的陆壳岩石经历了进变质脱水过程,巨量的地表水带入到>100~200Km的地幔深处,在超高压变质峰期的极端条件下,通过含水超高压变质矿物的分解形成超临界的含水熔体,导致有效的壳-幔物质交换和岩石圈物质分异;(7)苏鲁超高压变质地体在折返阶段形成挤出纳布构造,与岩石圈深俯冲管道流的折返挤出机制有关;(8)提出新的深俯冲-折返动力学模式:陆.陆碰撞的深俯冲剥蚀模式及大陆地壳多重性、分层型和穿时性的俯冲和折返模式.  相似文献   

3.
造山带中发现超高压矿物柯石英和金刚石,被认为与洋壳或陆壳岩片的深俯冲(>100km)有关。但探讨这些岩片是如何俯冲和折返的?却是一个极具挑战的难题。目前,中国境内含榴辉岩的高压超高压(HP/UHP)变质带已经发现11条,此外,世界各地发现的高压超高压变质带还有至少20条。高压超高压变质带,特别是中国众多的HP-UHP变质带,在什么特定的大地构造条件中形成?又是在怎样的构造背景下折返而剥露地表?中国大陆上为什么出现众多规模可观的HP-UHP变质带?为什么出现洋壳(深)俯冲与陆壳(深)俯冲不同类型的HP-UHP带?这是本文试探讨的问题。根据中国境内的11条高压/超高压变质带形成时代和区域构造背景,将其分为4类:Ⅰ.始特提斯(早古生代)高压/超高压变质带,包括(1)柴北缘-南阿尔金超高压变质带,(2)北祁连-北阿尔金高压变质带,(3)东秦岭超高压变质带;Ⅱ.古特提斯高压/超高压变质带,包括(4)大别高压/超高压变质带,(5)苏鲁高压/超高压变质带,(6)西藏羌塘高压变质带;(7)西藏松多(超)高压变质带;Ⅲ.新特提斯高压/超高压变质带,包括(8)雅鲁藏布江东构造结南迦巴瓦(超)高压变质带;Ⅳ.古亚洲域南缘高压/超高压变质带,包括(9)新疆西南天山超高压变质带,(10)甘肃北山高压变质带,和(11)冀北高压变质带。中国高压/超高压变质带形成的大地构造背景有洋壳(深)俯冲和陆壳(深)俯冲两大成因类型,认为前者大都与始-古特提斯洋盆中微陆块之间的汇聚碰撞有关;后者为大陆块之间剪式碰撞和撕裂式岩石圈舌形板片深俯冲的产物。由于中国(邻区)大陆是三大陆块与许多小陆块聚集构成的巨大拼合体,小陆块在特提斯洋盆(特别是始、古特提斯洋盆)中的独特位置,使陆块之间的刚性洋盆岩石圈得以(深)俯冲插入小陆块之下。而大陆块之间特殊部位的碰撞为陆壳(深)俯冲创造条件。研究表明,高压/超高压变质岩石和蛇绿岩、混杂堆积、俯冲增生楔一起构成俯冲/折返杂岩带;认为代表印支造山带山根物质的大别-苏鲁高压/超高压俯冲/折返杂岩带,呈面形推覆岩片的构造样式叠置在扬子陆块之上,提出汇聚陆块边缘深部地幔物质折返的“斜向挤出”和“沿岩石圈板片的多层隧道的多重/分片挤出”的两种模式;认为走滑断裂在高压/超高压变质岩石的快速折返中起重要作用,即阿尔金走滑断裂、郯庐走滑断裂和喀喇昆仑走滑断裂,分别制约了阿尔金和祁连山中的南北两条早古生代高压/超高压变质带、大别-苏鲁印支期超高压变质带和喜马拉雅西构造结的喜山期超高压变质带的快速折返。  相似文献   

4.
中国超高压变质岩十五年研究进展   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
王清晨 《地球学报》2001,22(1):11-16
本文对20世纪80年代以来中国超高压变质岩研究的历史做了简要回顾,列举了该领域的5项重要进展,即:①发现了大批超高压变质岩,使中国的大别山-苏鲁超高压变质岩带成为世界之最;②通过细致的矿物学研究,确认低密度的陆壳岩石可以被俯冲到地下200多公里深处,经历超高压变质作用;③多种同位素体系定年结果表明,大别山-苏鲁超高压变质作用是在中生代早期扬子板块俯冲到中朝板块之下时发生的;④对超高压变质岩中O、C、H等同位素的研究进一步表明,超高压变质作用过程中并无大规模流体活动,大气水的O同位素成分可被带到地幔深处而不改变;⑤通过对岩石学、矿物学、年代学、构造地质学、地球物理学等多学科资料的综合研究,提出了超高压变质地体的多阶段折返模式。文中对目前超高压变质岩研究中的几个争论焦点做了归纳。  相似文献   

5.
本文利用中国大陆科学钻探工程岩心样品连续取样的优势,对苏鲁造山带超高压榴辉岩-片麻岩过渡带进行了石榴石和绿辉石的氢同位素、全水含量和羟基含量的联合研究,结果为研究深俯冲大陆板块折返过程中变质流体的来源和可获得性提供了重要的制约.  相似文献   

6.
超高压变质岩生成问题中解决低密度大陆地壳深俯冲力学机制是一个关键问题。虽然俯冲地幔岩石可以裹携十几千米乃至几十千米尺度的陆壳块体到超高压变质深度,大规模的陆壳深俯冲需要特殊的构造条件。新西兰南岛北端研究表明,俯冲大洋板块能携带宽度达150km左右的窄条陆壳克服浮力达到超高压变质深度,而大陆板块碰撞的主体则浮在岩石圈上形成走滑断层。苏鲁-大别可能曾存在类似的构造条件:苏鲁西侧俯冲海洋板片首先拖曳苏鲁陆壳俯冲到超高压变质深度;随后大别以西俯冲大洋板片拖曳大别至超高压变质深度,而陆壳浮力导致苏鲁陆壳停止俯冲,飘浮的陆壳被北推而形成郯庐断裂;秦岭陆陆碰撞造山后大别超高压陆壳也折返;秦岭作为典型造山带,虽然不排除零星超高压变质的可能,但不具备大规模超高压变质的条件。  相似文献   

7.
超高压变质岩石的发现改变了大陆地壳不能深俯冲的传统认识,使得地球科学有了前所未有的进展,超高压变质岩石的研究一直是近20a来地学研究的热点。从超高压岩石(柯石英、金刚石和某些矿物出溶结构)的识别标志,超高压变质岩石的时空分布,俯冲板片的命运及俯冲陆壳折返机制4个方面分析超高压变质岩石的主要进展。超高压变质岩石的研究为分析地球动力学过程提供新的窗口。  相似文献   

8.
近十几年来大陆动力学研究最重要的进展之一,是对超高压变质岩和大陆深俯冲作用的认识.按照传统的板块构造学说,大陆地壳由于其密度低,不可能俯冲到高密度的地幔中.然而,上世纪80年代两位法国科学家分别在西阿尔卑斯和挪威西部的变质表壳岩中,发现了超高压变质矿物柯石英,证明大陆地壳曾俯冲到至少80 km深,然后折返回地表.  相似文献   

9.
洋壳深俯冲超高压变质作用研究及其地质意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张立飞 《地质通报》2007,26(9):1079-1085
洋壳深俯冲经历超高压变质作用的岩石比较稀少,是目前超高压变质作用研究的重要前沿领域,有关这方面的研究对于建立新的冷俯冲带变质作用类型、探讨地幔水流体的成因、建立更广泛的超高压变质岩石的抬升机制具有重要意义。另外,洋壳深俯冲高压变质带往往与低压高温变质带组成双变质带,对双变质带的深入研究对于完整地重塑俯冲碰撞造山带的形成演化过程具有重要意义。简要地介绍了新疆西天山洋壳深俯冲超高压变质带的研究现状和存在的问题。  相似文献   

10.
自20世纪80年代在大陆地壳岩石中发现柯石英和金刚石等超高压变质矿物以来,大陆深俯冲和超高压变质作用就成为了固体地球科学研究的前沿和热点领域之一。经过三十余年的研究,已经在大陆地壳的俯冲深度、深俯冲岩石变质P-T-t轨迹、俯冲地壳岩石的折返机制、深俯冲岩石的原岩性质、大陆碰撞过程中的熔/流体活动与元素活动性、俯冲隧道内部不同类型壳幔相互作用、碰撞后岩浆岩的成因、大陆碰撞造山带成矿作用等方面取得了许多重要成果。本文重点对大陆俯冲带超高压岩石部分熔融和不同类型壳幔相互作用近十年来的研究进展进行回顾和总结,并对存在的相关科学问题和未来的研究方向进行了展望。深俯冲大陆地壳的部分熔融主要出现在两个阶段:折返的初期阶段和碰撞后阶段,前者产生了碱性熔体,后者产生了钙碱性熔体。大陆俯冲带壳幔相互作用有两种类型,涉及地幔楔与两种俯冲带流体的交代反应:一是来自深俯冲陆壳的变质脱水/熔融,二是来自先前俯冲古洋壳的变质脱水/熔融。  相似文献   

11.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

12.
The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.  相似文献   

13.
正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style  相似文献   

14.
正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue.  相似文献   

15.
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new  相似文献   

16.
正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and  相似文献   

17.
正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment  相似文献   

18.
正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and  相似文献   

19.
正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important  相似文献   

20.
In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become "stay mine". Features of refi'actory gold ores are: gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid (alkali) oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号