共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
多点地质统计学建模是近年来储层建模技术的研究热点,其实用性受到训练图像的限制。训练图像的质量决定了多点地质统计学建模的精度和可靠程度,是多点地质统计学建模成功的关键因素。文章阐述了训练图像的特征和意义,从方法的定义、使用情况、实例等方面系统介绍了训练图像建立的方法,包括手工绘制、基于目标模拟、三维地震信息提取或转化、基于原型模型、基于过程模拟和二维图像方法,综合对比了不同训练图像建立方法的数据来源、优势与不足,探讨了多点地质统计学建模依赖训练图像存在的问题。结合文献调研和多点地质统计学建模实践,指出了训练图像及其建立方法的发展方向,为多点地质统计学建模研究者和使用者提供借鉴,为完善多点地质统计学建模方法提供思考。 相似文献
2.
本文系统地介绍了多点地质统计学的基本原理及方法，并以我国渤海湾盆地某区块新近系明化镇组河流相储层为例，进行了多点统计学随机建模的实例分析。多点地质统计学为储层随机建模的国际前沿研究方向，该方法综合了基于象元的方法易忠实条件数据以及基于目标的方法易再现目标几何形态的优点，同时克服了传统基于变差函数的二点统计学不能表达复杂空间结构和再现目标几何形态的不足。通过理论与实例研究，分析了目前多点统计学尚存在的问题(包括训练图像平稳性问题、目标连续性问题以及综合软信息的问题等)及未来发展的方向。 相似文献
3.
多点地质统计学在河流相储层建模中的应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
多点地质统计学综合了基于象元方法以及基于目标方法两者的优点,对于河流相等具有复杂地质形态的储层精确建模具有较强的优势.在对传统建模方法综合分析的基础上,介绍了多点地质统计学的基本理论及SNESIM算法,并应用该技术对大牛地气田某开发井区的辫状分流河道相进行了实际建模.研究结果表明,在河流相储层建模中,该方法比传统的建模方法更具优越性.最后,进一步综合讨论了多点地质统计学目前面临的主要问题(包括训练图像、目标体连续性、数据样板选择、综合地震信息等方面)的改进方法. 相似文献
4.
多点地质统计学研究进展与展望 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在简要回顾多点地质统计学起源后,介绍了多点地质统计学的3种方法,并总结了多点地质统计
学的研究进展。在应用领域,已经从河流相建模发展到扇环境建模,从储集层结构建模发展到储集层物性分布
模拟,从宏观地质体预测发展到微观孔喉分布建模,从地质研究发展到地质统计反演。在整合信息建模方面,
给出了３种综合地震属性的方法;在算法方面,提出了PRTT实时处理方法,完善了多点地质统计学建模,并开
发了新的多点统计生长算法（Growthsim）。对多点地质统计学未来发展进行了展望,指出在训练图像、数据综合
以及建模方法耦合方面还需要进一步深入研究。 相似文献
5.
6.
多点地质统计学建模的发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从算法研究、训练图像处理和实际应用三个方面详细解剖了国内外多点地质统计学的发展历程,在此基础上,分析了多点地质统计学主流的几种算法的核心原理、适用范围及优缺点,以此来对储层建模的发展趋势作出展望。目前,多点地质统计学虽是随机建模的一种前沿研究热点,但由于其尚未成熟,仍需对建模算法进行研究。为此,在前人研究的基础上,重点分析了多点地质统计学的发展趋势：合理处理训练图像;合理利用软信息;选择合适的相似性方法;选择合适的标准化方法;合理利用平稳性;算法间的耦合;选择合适的过滤器;拓展缝洞型碳酸盐岩模拟。最后,提出多点地质统计学在储层建模方面,应从增加储层的模拟区域、提高模拟精度、扩大储层相的模拟范围和提高计算机模拟效率等方面进行改进。 相似文献
7.
缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层空间分布复杂、非均质性强,建立准确可靠的三维地质模型,是该类油藏高效开发的基础和前提。总结了缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层建模技术方法的发展历程,可分为3个阶段：第1阶段提出了“分区分带”和“岩溶相控”等储集体建模方法,以基于变差函数的两点统计学为主要模拟算法;第2阶段提出了溶洞内部结构建模方法,划分了溶洞类型,总结出不同类型溶洞组合方式,通过成因约束构建不同的岩溶相控模式,建模算法以基于目标与多点地质统计学为主;第3阶段进一步细化储集体成因,针对地下暗河等特定成因的溶洞储集体,通过野外露头与溶洞数据构建训练图像,将先验地质成因模式和后验地震响应相整合,构建综合约束概率体,建立的模型更加精细,能表征出暗河储集体的内部结构要素。对未来缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地质建模的技术发展进行展望,指出断控岩溶储层建模方法亟需进一步研究,基于深度学习的人工智能地质建模方法是未来的主攻方向。 相似文献
8.
利用三维地质模拟技术重构地质现象的三维空间分布,是实现自然资源管理和风险评估的重要基础和前提。多点统计学方法通过探寻多点间的空间结构关系,结合随机模拟方法生成具有差异性的模拟结果,较好地再现了复杂的地质现象。然而,如何构建合适、有效的训练图像一直是基于多点统计学三维地质模拟的核心问题。本文提出了一种改进的多点统计学算法。本方法结合了序贯模拟和迭代的方法,将二维剖面扩展为三维训练图像,再结合EM-Like算法,实现了三维地质结构的优化模拟。建模实例结果表明,本方法能确保训练图像对内部模拟网格的约束,准确模拟研究区的地层层序,并很好地再现二维地质剖面所反映的地层结构关系。 相似文献
9.
冲积扇储层具有典型的非平稳分布特征,传统的基于平稳假设的地质统计建模方法无法准确模拟其沉积微相。在充 分分析其沉积微相分布特征的基础上,以克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇储层为例,综合现代沉积、密井网、露头等信 息,应用基于地质矢量信息的多点地质统计学方法建立了精细、合理的储层沉积微相三维模型。首先,综合现代沉积特征 与地下储层沉积微相解剖成果,应用“模式指导、规模约束”的方法,建立符合研究区沉积模式和定量规模的训练图像和 基于冲积扇沉积体系的矢量坐标系统,表征了训练图像的地质矢量信息,提出基于预模拟实现的模拟域地质矢量信息表征 方法,建立了待模拟地质体的三维矢量信息模型;最后,采用基于矢量信息的多点地质统计方法建立了冲积扇储层沉积微 相模型,并采用多种标准对模拟实现进行可靠性分析。模拟结果表明冲积扇相带分布符合地质认识,沉积微相的形态、展 布特征、组合样式、规模与训练图像、地下沉积微相解剖认识相符。 相似文献
10.
在储层建模中利用多点地质统计学整合地质概念模型及其解释(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于三维空间中稀疏的观测数据,地质学家和储层建模人员尝试预测井间的地质沉积相的空间非均质性时,地质概念模型和先验认识在其中扮演着重要的角色。这种整合先验模型或解释的过程有时是隐蔽或不易察觉的,正如在手工绘等值线图中的情形;它也能够被显式地运用到某种算法当中,比如数字绘图中的算法。新近兴起的多点地质统计学为地质学家和储层建模人员提供了一种有力工具,它强调使用训练图像把先验模型明确而定量地引入到储层建模当中。先验地质模型包含了被研究的真实储层中确信存在的样式,而训练图像则是该模型的定量化表达。通过再现高阶统计量,多点算法能够从训练图像中捕捉复杂的(非线性)特征样式并把它们锚定到观测的井位数据。文中描述了多点地质统计学原理,以突出训练图像概念重要性为主线,描述了多点地质统计学在建立三维储层模型中的应用。 相似文献
11.
Characterization of complex geological features and patterns remains one of the most challenging tasks in geostatistics. Multiple point statistics (MPS) simulation offers an alternative to accomplish this aim by going beyond classical two-point statistics. Reproduction of features in the final realizations is achieved by borrowing high-order spatial statistics from a training image. Most MPS algorithms use one training image at a time chosen by the geomodeler. This paper proposes the use of multiple training images simultaneously for spatial modeling through a scheme of data integration for conditional probabilities known as a linear opinion pool. The training images (TIs) are based on the available information and not on conceptual geological models; one image comes from modeling the categories by a deterministic approach and another comes from the application of conventional sequential indicator simulation. The first is too continuous and the second too random. The mixing of TIs requires weights for each of them. A methodology for calibrating the weights based on the available drillholes is proposed. A measure of multipoint entropy along the drillholes is matched by the combination of the two TIs. The proposed methodology reproduces geologic features from both TIs with the correct amount of continuity and variability. There is no need for a conceptual training image from another modeling technique; the data-driven TIs permit a robust inference of spatial structure from reasonably spaced drillhole data. 相似文献
12.
多点地质统计学是一种建立地质模型的统计学方法,该方法比传统的两点地质统计学更适合河流相沉积体系。本文综合地震、测井、录井及生产资料,绘制了长庆油田苏里格气田苏48区块盒8下段辫状河训练图像,并在此基础上利用多点地质统计学方法,加入三维地震资料作为约束,以水平井整体开发为研究对象,建立了该区的地质模型,优化了水平井整体部署,指导水平井导向。利用多口水平井实钻效果验证了地质模型的精度,以苏19-62井为例得到:录井显示气层钻遇率为78.3%,测井显示气层钻遇率为69%。这与地震反演剖面预测相似,且与实钻效果有很好的对应性。 相似文献
13.
The spatial continuity of facies is one of the key factors controlling flow in reservoir models. Traditional pixel-based methods
such as truncated Gaussian random fields and indicator simulation are based on only two-point statistics, which is insufficient
to capture complex facies structures. Current methods for multi-point statistics either lack a consistent statistical model
specification or are too computer intensive to be applicable. We propose a Markov mesh model based on generalized linear models
for geological facies modeling. The approach defines a consistent statistical model that is facilitated by efficient estimation
of model parameters and generation of realizations. Our presentation includes a formulation of the general framework, model
specifications in two and three dimensions, and details on how the parameters can be estimated from a training image. We illustrate
the method using multiple training images, including binary and trinary images and simulations in two and three dimensions.
We also do a thorough comparison to the snesim approach. We find that the current model formulation is applicable for multiple training images and compares favorably to
the snesim approach in our test examples. The method is highly memory efficient. 相似文献
14.
Conditional Simulation of Complex Geological Structures Using Multiple-Point Statistics 总被引：68，自引：0，他引：68
Sebastien Strebelle 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(1):1-21
In many earth sciences applications, the geological objects or structures to be reproduced are curvilinear, e.g., sand channels in a clastic reservoir. Their modeling requires multiple-point statistics involving jointly three or more points at a time, much beyond the traditional two-point variogram statistics. Actual data from the field being modeled, particularly if it is subsurface, are rarely enough to allow inference of such multiple-point statistics. The approach proposed in this paper consists of borrowing the required multiple-point statistics from training images depicting the expected patterns of geological heterogeneities. Several training images can be used, reflecting different scales of variability and styles of heterogeneities. The multiple-point statistics inferred from these training image(s) are exported to the geostatistical numerical model where they are anchored to the actual data, both hard and soft, in a sequential simulation mode. The algorithm and code developed are tested for the simulation of a fluvial hydrocarbon reservoir with meandering channels. The methodology proposed appears to be simple (multiple-point statistics are scanned directly from training images), general (any type of random geometry can be considered), and fast enough to handle large 3D simulation grids. 相似文献
15.
将地震信息引入多点统计地质建模之中,可以提高模型的井间预测功能.首先以委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带一个辫状河沉积含油区块为例,结合该区辫状河储层的地质特点,利用井震信息结合的多点统计建模方法,研究了波阻抗的相标定、砂体概率生成曲线选定、训练图像分析、井震影响比等方面的技术细节及它们在辫状河储层多点统计建模中的作用.然后结合辫状河储层的沉积学特征,对研究区的心滩、河道、泛滥平原等微相空间分布的建模结果进行了分析.最后对于不同的储层建模结果进行了不确定性分析.研究表明:井震结合的多点统计建模方法,较好地降低了稀井网地区建模结果的不确定性;通过砂岩概率生成曲线,波阻抗数据转化为地震相的空间概率分布.这样就有效地建立起了地震数据与其地质意义的联系;相比仅用测井信息建模,井震结合建模结果对井间微相预测更具合理性,同时预测的河道、心滩的连续性也得到了更好的体现. 相似文献
16.
An important issue in reservoir modeling is accurate generation of complex structures. The problem is difficult because the connectivity of the flow paths must be preserved. Multiple-point geostatistics is one of the most effective methods that can model the spatial patterns of geological structures, which is based on an informative geological training image that contains the variability, connectivity, and structural properties of a reservoir. Several pixel- and pattern-based methods have been developed in the past. In particular, pattern-based algorithms have become popular due to their ability for honoring the connectivity and geological features of a reservoir. But a shortcoming of such methods is that they require a massive data base, which make them highly memory- and CPU-intensive. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for which there is no need to construct pattern data base and small data event. A new function for the similarity of the generated pattern and the training image, based on a cross-correlation (CC) function, is proposed that can be used with both categorical and continuous training images. We combine the CC function with an overlap strategy and a new approach, adaptive recursive template splitting along a raster path, in order to develop an algorithm, which we call cross-correlation simulation (CCSIM), for generation of the realizations of a reservoir with accurate conditioning and continuity. The performance of CCSIM is tested for a variety of training images. The results, when compared with those of the previous methods, indicate significant improvement in the CPU and memory requirements. 相似文献
17.
The reproduction of the non-stationary distribution and detailed characteristics of geological bodies is the main difficulty of reservoir modeling. Recently developed multiple-point geostatistics can represent a stationary geological body more effectively than traditional methods. When restricted to a stationary hypothesis, multiple-point geostatistical methods cannot simulate a non-stationary geological body effectively, especially when using non-stationary training images (TIs). According to geologic principles, the non-stationary distribution of geological bodies is controlled by a sedimentary model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose auxiliary variables based on the sedimentary model, namely geological vector information (GVI). GVI can characterize the non-stationary distribution of TIs and simulation domains before sequential simulation, and the precision of data event statistics will be enhanced by the sequential simulation’s data event search area limitations under the guidance of GVI. Consequently, the reproduction of non-stationary geological bodies will be improved. The key features of this method are as follows: (1) obtain TIs and geological vector information for simulated areas restricted by sedimentary models; (2) truncate TIs into a number of sub-TIs using a set of cut-off values such that each sub-TI is stationary and the adjacent sub-TIs have a certain similarity; (3) truncate the simulation domain into a number of sub-regions with the same cut-off values used in TI truncation, so that each sub-region corresponds to a number of sub-TIs; (4) use an improved method to scan the TI or TIs and construct a single search tree to restore replicates of data events located in different sub-TIs; and (5) use an improved conditional probability distribution function to perform sequential simulation. A FORTRAN program is implemented based on the SNESIM. 相似文献