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1.
《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(2):213-221
Dendrochronological methods were used to study a fossil wood assemblage identified as Sommerxylon spiralosus Pires et Guerra-Sommer from outcropping sandstone fluvial sequences (Late Triassic of southernmost Parana Basin, Brazil). The climate signal from fossil woods, supported by sedimentary evidence, indicates a seasonal climate. Analysis of preserved growth rings has yielded information about the peridiodicity of growth related to seasonal cycles. The growth phase in each cycle developed at a slow rate, and the growing period was relatively uniform; in contrast, the periodic phases of growth restriction were not very extensive. These seasonal cycles were interrupted by occasional droughts during the growth season, reflected by the presence of false growth rings. These data match recent global climate patterns from the Late Triassic. 相似文献
2.
This paper is part of a special issue of Applied Geochemistry focusing on reliable applications of compositional multivariate statistical methods. This study outlines the application of compositional data analysis (CoDa) to calibration of geochemical data and multivariate statistical modelling of geochemistry and grain-size data from a set of Holocene sedimentary cores from the Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) delta. Over the last two decades, understanding near-continuous records of sedimentary sequences has required the use of core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, for both terrestrial and marine sedimentary sequences. Initial XRF data are generally unusable in ‘raw-format’, requiring data processing in order to remove instrument bias, as well as informed sequence interpretation. The applicability of these conventional calibration equations to core-scanning XRF data are further limited by the constraints posed by unknown measurement geometry and specimen homogeneity, as well as matrix effects. Log-ratio based calibration schemes have been developed and applied to clastic sedimentary sequences focusing mainly on energy dispersive-XRF (ED-XRF) core-scanning. This study has applied high resolution core-scanning XRF to Holocene sedimentary sequences from the tidal-dominated Indian Sundarbans, (Ganges-Brahmaputra delta plain). The Log-Ratio Calibration Equation (LRCE) was applied to a sub-set of core-scan and conventional ED-XRF data to quantify elemental composition. This provides a robust calibration scheme using reduced major axis regression of log-ratio transformed geochemical data. Through partial least squares (PLS) modelling of geochemical and grain-size data, it is possible to derive robust proxy information for the Sundarbans depositional environment. The application of these techniques to Holocene sedimentary data offers an improved methodological framework for unravelling Holocene sedimentation patterns. 相似文献
3.
利用米兰科维奇旋回划分柴达木盆地第四系层序地层 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对柴达木盆地第四系自然伽马测井曲线的频谱分析结果表明, 地层中保存着厚度稳定的地层旋回.按柴达木盆地第四纪沉积速率0.87～0.90 m/ka计算,地层中保存的地层旋回厚度在厚度比值和沉积时间周期上都与米兰科维奇旋回周期一致,且主要受控于米兰科维奇旋回中的地轴倾斜度周期, 其引起的地层旋回厚度变化范围为25.0～36.1 m.据此采用Fischer图解法, 求取其可容纳空间变化曲线,以指导层序地层的正确划分. 相似文献
4.
Richard W. Battarbee Nigel G. Cameron Paul Golding Stephen J. Brooks Roy Switsur Doug Harkness Peter Appleby Frank Oldfield Roy Thompson Don T. Monteith Andrew McGovern 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(4):339-346
High resolution sampling of sediment cores covering approximately the last 4000 yr from Lochan Uaine, a small corrie loch in the Scottish Cairngorm Mountains, show quasi‐periodic cycles in organic matter (measured as percentage loss on ignition). Analysis of these cycles show correspondences between loss on ignition, δ13C values and chironomid head capsule abundance. We interpret the changes as reflecting changes in lake productivity and hypothesise that they are driven by climate variability. However, it is not yet clear whether the periods of relatively high organic matter production and preservation are associated with colder or with warmer conditions. Nevertheless the results indicate the value of using sediments from remote, undisturbed mountain lakes as recorders of Holocene climate variability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Current high‐resolution palaeoenvironmental records reveal short‐term Holocene coolings. One of these major Holocene rapid climate changes occurred between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP. The sensitivity of river systems vis‐à‐vis slight and short‐term Holocene climatic variations is a subject of controversy in the scientific community. In this paper, we present a 4.0 to 1.4 cal ka BP palaeoflood record from the Lower Moulouya River (northeastern Morocco) to demonstrate the high sensitivity of semiarid rivers in the southwestern Mediterranean towards Holocene environmental changes. The Lower Moulouya flood deposits are characterised by thick, well‐stratified, predominantly clayey to silty overbank fine sediments. These cohesive sediments show evidence of excellent preservation conditions against fluvial erosion and contain a continuous record of mid to late Holocene flood sequences. The Moulouya palaeoflood record can be interpreted in the context of regional and global high‐resolution proxy data, revealing a strong coupling with Holocene rapid climate changes. The centennial‐scale Moulouya palaeohydrological history will be discussed with palaeoenvironmental data from the same record (palaeomagnetics, sedimentary charcoal record, anthracological analyses, snail analyses) to generate new ideas about the mid to late Holocene hydrological cycle in the southwestern Mediterranean. The deduced features of pronounced Lower Moulouya flooding and the decreased fire recurrence during Holocene cooling remain somewhat inconsistent with the interpretation of other palaeohydrological and paleaoecological records from the southwestern Mediterranean. However, enhanced Lower Moulouya flood frequencies between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP agree with increased floodplain aggradation in other major river systems of Mediterranean North Africa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
东海陆架全新统高分辨率层序地层学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高分辨率１４Ｃ测年、岩石、生物、化学、同位素、气候及磁性地层学研究成果基础上,通过不同沉积背景典型钻孔的沉积学分析,运用层序地层学理论,对东海陆架全新统进行了高分辨率层序划分及对比;建立了全新世层序地层格架及海平面变化过程;提出了相应的层序成因模式。研究结果表明,东海陆架全新统相当于一个发育中的六级（１～１０ｋａ）层序,可进一步划分为３个七级（０．１～１ｋａ）层序和若干个更次级层序。代表１个六级或３个七级周期相对海平面变化过程中叠加有若干更次级的海平面波动,它们与地球旋回谱系中的太阳带、历法带密切相关。七级层序具有与三级层序相近的内部构型和成因格架。在东海陆架全新世沉积演化过程中,长江三角州至少有３次不同程度地越过东海陆架进入冲绳海槽,并滞留有至少３层海侵改造“残积砂”沉积。在东海陆架全新世海平面变化期间,最大海平面时期为约距今６～５ｋａ,大致高于现今海平面２～４ｍ,最低海平面在距今１０ｋａ左右,大约低于现今海平面１３０ｍ。目前,由于温室效应的影响,海平面仍呈小幅度波浪式上升。事实证明,层序地层学不仅丰富了现代海洋沉积学的内容,而且解决了许多海洋沉积学未能解决的问题。 相似文献
7.
Asok K. Sen 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(1):43-49
Sedimentary records of Lake Edward in Central Africa from the late Holocene era exhibit submillennial-scale periodicities
in magnesium (Mg) and stable isotope compositions of endogenic calcite. Using multitaper spectral analysis, Russell et al. (Geology
31(8):677–680, 2003) detected a 725-yr cycle in the Mg data. We have analyzed the Mg data using a continuous wavelet transform and observed temporal
variations in the submillennial periodicities. These temporal variations can be discerned from a time-period representation
of the wavelet power spectrum by visual inspection. The multi-taper spectral analysis is based on the traditional Fourier
transform, which is a purely frequency domain technique, and therefore cannot detect temporal variability of the spectrum,
if any. In contrast, wavelet analysis offers a spectral-temporal approach by which both the dominant periodicities and their
time variations can be identified. In this regard, the results of our wavelet analysis extend those of Russell et al. (Geology
31(8):677–680, 2003). Our analysis reveals dominant periodicities around the 785-yr and 660-yr cycles, but these cycles persist over different
time spans within the late Holocene era. The 725-yr period identified by Russell et al. (Geology 31(8):677–680, 2003) with multitaper spectral analysis is very close to the average of the periods of these two cycles. For the purpose of accurately
reconstructing the climate history in Central Africa using Mg as a proxy, it would be important to take into consideration
the temporal variations of the submillennial periodicities. 相似文献
8.
西藏纳木错扎弄淌剖面10000年以来的沉积间断和环境变化记录 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对西藏纳木错全新统扎弄淌组(Q4lz)地层剖面的沉积特征观察,易溶盐、磁化率、粒度、碳酸盐、孢粉分析和14C年代测定等综合研究表明,扎弄淌组湖相地层沉积物记录了约自10000aBP以来的沉积间断和环境变化信息。资料显示该区自9010~8560aBP以来,气候从偏冷干到偏湿再转变为轻湿;在4870~2350aBP期间,气候从暖湿到温暖湿润,又从全新世气候适宜期转变为较湿润期。表明自全新世以来该区气候在逐渐变干的总趋势的基础上,经历了两次大的气候变化旋回,有过多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。 相似文献
9.
Terra卫星ASTER数据的特点与应用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
ASTER是搭裁在Terra上的一种多光谱高分辨率遥感数据源，它包含从可见光到热红外范围的14个波段，分辨率从15m到90m，具有多种用途，如环境监测、地表度盖变化、短期气候顿测、自然灾害监测等。了解它的数据特点及应用，对于我们了解地球、观测地球具有重要的科学价值。 相似文献
10.
Spatial and temporal variability of Holocene temperature in the North Atlantic region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The early Holocene climate of the North Atlantic region was influenced by two boundary conditions that were fundamentally different from the present: the presence of the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and higher than present summer solar insolation. In order to assess spatial and temporal patterns of Holocene climate evolution across this region, we collated quantitative paleotemperature records at sub-millennial resolution and synthesized their temporal variability using principal components analysis (PCA). The analysis reveals considerable spatial variability, most notably in the time-transgressive expression of the Holocene thermal maximum (HTM). Most of the region, but especially areas peripheral to the Labrador Sea and hence closest to the locus of LIS disintegration, experienced maximum Holocene temperatures that lagged peak summer insolation by 1000-3000 years. Many sites from the northeastern North Atlantic sector, including the Nordic Seas and Scandinavia, either warmed in phase with maximum summer insolation (11,000-9000 years ago) or were less strongly lagged than the Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea region. These spatially complex patterns of Holocene climate development, which are defined by the PCA, resulted from the interplay between final decay of the LIS and solar insolation forcing. 相似文献
11.
全新世黄土沉积中的炭屑通常用来重建野火历史及其演变的过程。通过野外考察和对炭屑以及磁化率等指标的分析,获得全新世野火景观演变过程的地球生物沉积证据。参照OSL/TL、14C测年和考古学断代数据,重建渭河流域黄土高原全新世以来野火历史以及景观演变过程。结果表明：末次冰期到全新世中期阶段(12 000~3 100 a B.P.),渭河流域黄土高原地区野火事件变化主要与区域季节性气候差异密切相关,其中千年-百年尺度有效湿度和燃料供给区域变化是野火发生的主控因素;全新世晚期,随着气候进一步干旱,加之人类耕作活动加剧,人类土地利用强度与时空分布已成为影响生物量燃烧规模的重要驱动力。距今3 100 a以来,渭河流域南部地区农田景观已初具规模;而距今约2 170 a,大规模土地开垦已扩展到渭河北部黄土台塬地区;直到距今1 500 a,渭河北部黄土高阶台塬地区旱作农业景观已基本形成。利用多项古生态记录和区域角度综合分析,有助于深入理解该区域野火历史和人类土地利用变化以及社会结构演变过程。 相似文献
12.
13.
中国东部陆架全新世沉积体系:过程-产物关系研究进展评述 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
渤、黄、东海是典型的物源供给丰富的宽广陆架环境,形成的全新世沉积记录十分丰富。本区域潮汐作用、陆架环流作用和沉积物重力流导致的物质输运都很活跃;陆架沉积动力过程与全新世沉积体系的空间分布、物质组成、堆积速率、层序年代等特征相联系。全新世陆架与海岸沉积具有高分辨率、空间分布的不连续和沉积记录的片段性等特征。江苏海岸全新世中期海岸沉积、杭州湾全新世早-中期沉积、浙闽沿岸全新世沉积和其他陆架泥质沉积可从物质来源（海面上升中的沉积改造和河流入海通量）、输运-堆积过程、沉积层序形成的先后次序、陆架沉积记录的未来状况等方面进行分析。数值模拟可用以深化本区的过程-产物关系研究。 相似文献
14.
M. SARNTHEIN S. VAN KREVELD H. ERLENKEUSER P. M. GROOTES M. KUCERA U. PFLAUMANN M. SCHULZ 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2003,32(3):447-461
At the western continental margin of the Barents Sea, 75°N, hemipelagic sediments provide a record of Holocene climate change with a time resolution of 10-70 years. Planktic foraminifera counts reveal a very early Holocene thermal optimum 10.7-7.7 kyr BP, with summer sea surface temperatures (SST) of 8°C and a much enhanced West Spitsbergen Current. There was a short cooling between 8.8 and 8.2 kyr BP. In the middle and late Holocene summer, SST dropped to 2.5°-5.0°C, indicative of reduced Atlantic heat advection, except for two short warmings near 2.2 and 1.6 kyr BP. Distinct quasi-periodic spikes of coarse sediment fraction (with large portions of lithic grains, benthic and planktic foraminifera) record cascades of cold, dense winter water down the continental slope as a result of enhanced seasonal sea ice formation and storminess on the Barents shelf over the entire Holocene. The spikes primarily cluster near recurrence intervals of 400-650 and 1000-1350 years, when traced over the entire Holocene, but follow significant 885-/840- and 505-/605-year periodicities in the early Holocene. These non-stationary periodicities mimic the Greenland-[Formula: See Text]Be variability, which is a tracer of solar forcing. Further significant Holocene periodicities of 230, (145) and 93 years come close to the deVries and Gleissberg solar cycles. 相似文献
15.
S.G. Arzhannikov S.V. Alekseev A.V. Glyzin N.V. Kulagina N.V. Ignatova L.A. Orlova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(2):163-175
The Late Quaternary history of climate and deposition environments in the western Todzha basin has been reconstructed from the respective lacustrine and fluvial deposits. Data from sedimentary sections have provided clues to the causes and timing of sudden deposition changes, including those associated with Holocene tectonic activity in the Taskyl fault. Especially informative are permafrost, diatom, spore-pollen, and tree-ring data from a section at the Merzly Yar locality where frozen ground has preserved the pristine rhythmic pattern of sediments. The Merzly Yar section stores a record of dramatic consequences of large earthquakes generated by the fault which produced a large damlake. The revealed pattern of discontinuous limnic deposition, with prominent tree markers and syngenetic ice wedges, places exact constraints on the stratigraphy of the section and allows its correlation with Holocene climate events within the intervals of fossil soils and vegetation. 相似文献
16.
塔克拉玛干沙漠北部平原区全新世沉积与气候变化的关系--以肖塘剖面为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过塔克拉玛干沙漠北部平原区典型地层剖面（肖塘剖面）沉积物粒度及元素特征的分析，揭示了本区域全新世以来气候变化的基本规律。沉积物主要由河流冲积作用形成的粘粒层与风力作用所形成的砂粒层组成。粘粒物质与现代河流相特征相一致，砂粒物质与现代流沙性质相类同。沉积层位中元素的迁移转化状况与沉积时期气候ｋ水文条件密切相关。全球性气候波动与地处内陆封闭盆地的协同影响，产生了本区多风、干燥、冷干与暖干相互交替的轮回气候。 相似文献
17.
Re‐evaluation of late Holocene fire histories of three boreal bogs suggest a link between bog fire and climate 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jesse L. Morris Minna Väliranta Ülle Sillasoo Eeva‐Stiina Tuittila Atte Korhola 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(1):60-67
We re‐evaluated mid‐ and late Holocene fire records at three bog sites in southern Finland and Estonia through quantitative and qualitative analysis of sedimentary charcoal records. Our analysis suggests synchrony amongst the Kontolanrahka, Männikjärve and Lakkasuo bog records. Over the last 5000 years, three episodes of elevated fire occurrence were evident in these bog records, taking place from 4500 to 4000, 3500 to 2000 and 1000 to 500 cal. a BP. These episodes were probably influenced primarily by climate, but also possibly by expansion/retreat of (pre)historic human populations. Although previous studies have proposed that during the late Holocene only weak fire?climate linkages exist, the presented analysis suggests millennial‐ and centennial‐scale synchronous burning episodes. 相似文献
18.
Matthias Moros Patrick De Deckker Eystein Jansen Kerstin Perner Richard J. Telford 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(19-20):1932-1940
To understand Holocene climatic development and to determine drivers of climatic changes and climate variability, high-resolution marine proxy records are required from key oceanic locations. However, information on the Holocene climate development from the Southern Hemisphere is still rare and mainly based on terrestrial archives. Here, we present data with a high-resolution of circa 35 years from sediment cores taken east of the Great Australian Bight, where it is possible to determine Southern Ocean Holocene climate and the longer-term trends of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. For this purpose, we used the oxygen-isotope records of two planktonic foraminifer species Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerina bulloides which inhabit different water masses as well as faunal counts of planktonic foraminifers. After the ocean frontal systems off southern Australia were pushed northward by orbitally-forced insolation changes during the early Holocene, the data indicate increasing ENSO variability during the mid to late Holocene when the fronts shifted polewards again. A strong circa 1550 year cycle is found in the Globigerina bulloides record which reflects the wider Southern Ocean signal with prominent cold phases centred at circa 9.2, 7.3, 5.8, 4.3, 2.7, 1.4 ka BP and, possibly the Little Ice Age, which have global counterparts. 相似文献
19.
Lofer cyclothems of the Alpine Upper Triassic have many features in common with Holocene sediments of Florida Bay. The modal ‘complete’ Lofer cycle is essentially symmetrical, having a deepening and shoaling phase, as does the cycle-in-progress in Florida Bay. Lateral discontinuity and thickness variations within members of the Lofer cyclothems indicate syn-depositional relief, possibly in the form of mud banks, the signature feature of Florida Bay sedimentation. Spatial and temporal dimensions, although poorly constrained, appear comparable. Analogous depositional textures, biota and sedimentary structures, while not unique to either environment, strengthen the inferences that can be made about the Triassic depositional environment and regarding future evolution of the modern environment. The striking similarities between the Holocene icehouse sediments and the Late Triassic greenhouse deposits suggest that sedimentation patterns at the scale of individual cycles or parasequences may be largely independent of the global climate regime. 相似文献
20.
太湖平原西北部全新世古河道沉积特征及环境演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粒度、磁化率定量数据分析在判明第四系沉积物的来源、识别沉积分异作用、解译古沉积相和环境方面有着重要作用。对太湖平原西北部卜弋桥ZK01钻孔上部全新统如东组进行了粒度和磁化率测试分析,结合该孔孢粉成果,揭示研究区全新世古河道沉积环境和气候明显经历了3个阶段:1)11000—9500cal.aBP,沉积物主要由粉砂组成,粒度证据表明水动力条件较强,孢粉证据显示该阶段气候较温暖湿润;2)9500—3900cal.aBP,沉积物砂组分含量大幅增加,粒度资料显示古河道水动力明显增强,孢粉植被表明该时期处于全新世大暖期,气候暖湿稳定;3)3900cal.aBP以来,粉砂组分在沉积物中占优势,粒度结果表明该阶段水动力显著减弱,孢粉资料和磁化率证据表明研究区自该阶段特别是后期以来逐步出现了明显的人类活动迹象。 相似文献