共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
固体废弃物的生态环境效应分析——以兖济滕矿区煤矸石为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
兖济滕矿区煤矸石长期露天堆放,既造成大量土地资源浪费,又造成矿区水体、土壤、大气等环境污染,是不容忽视的环境污染源地。从矿区煤矸石的化学成份和矿物成份分析可以看出,煤矸石的化学成份以SiO2为主,其次为Al2O3;矿物成份以高岭石为主,其次为石英。选用大量测试数据对煤矸石中有害微量元素对水环境、土壤环境的污染效应进行了研究,认为：煤矸石在酸性条件下淋溶析出的重金属的含量均超过了生活饮用水标准;碱性条件下,除Cu、Zn、As外,其余的也超过了地面水环境质量V类水的标准：煤矸石回填区的As、Cu、Pb、Zn四种重金属对矿区水环境影响不明显;填矸石的汇水区以及矸石山附近的水井水化学类型已由重碳酸型转变为硫酸型,部分区域已经受到了SO4^2-、总硬度、固形物的污染;矿区煤矸石堆放对附近土壤的影响并不显著,但某些有毒有害的重金属元素远远大于背景值,植物在土壤中对其吸收与积累可能形成潜在危害性。最后指出了降低煤矸石污染、提高煤矸石的综合利用才是解决矿区固体废弃物生态环境效应的主要途径。 相似文献
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淮南煤田煤矸石中环境意义微量元素的丰度 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
淮南煤田矿区开采历史长,煤矸石累计堆存量大,从环境意义角度研究该矿区煤矸石具有其典型性和现实性.根据煤矸石来源、矿区主采煤层和岩性特征,在井下煤系地层系统采集原始煤矸石样品44件,运用现代环境微量元素分析技术(INAA和ICP-MS)测定了煤矸石中46种微量元素,并用冷原子吸收法分析Hg、选择性电极法分析F.进而筛选出11种具有环境意义的有害元素:10种金属元素(Cd、Cu、Ni、Sn、Hg、Mn、As、Cr、Pb、Zn)和1种非金属元素F.并以总量法初步预测和评估这些元素的含量水平和潜在的环境影响.与淮南煤及其土壤、世界煤、华北泥岩的对比可知,煤矸石中Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn等超出土壤背景值,有必要对这些元素在矿区环境污染迁移性和累积件的环境效应进行深入调查研究. 相似文献
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淮北矿区固废堆积区土壤微量元素时空分布规律与环境影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以淮北矿区固废堆积区周边土壤为研究对象,采集不同开采年限矿区的矸石、煤泥和土壤样品,运用ICPAES测定了Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb和As 6种微量元素的含量。研究了不同堆积区土壤中微量元素的分布规律,探讨了堆积时间和固废类型对土壤中微量元素富集的影响,并运用地积累指数法评价土壤环境质量。结果表明,矸石堆积区周边土壤中Pb和As元素含量较高,而煤泥堆积区更易富集Ni、Cu和Zn元素;矸石堆积区周边土壤中微量元素含量随距离和时间增长的变化规律表现出不同的特征;研究区土壤中只有Cu和Zn元素含量超出背景值;根据地积累指数评价结果可知,只有Zn元素属于无污染-轻度污染,研究区整体处于清洁水平。 相似文献
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准确掌握煤矸石中重金属元素的溶出特征与释放规律对评价与防治煤矸石对土壤与地下水环境污染具有重要意义。笔者选取广西合山市里兰矿区的大型煤矸石堆(GD06)为研究对象,通过对煤矸石静态浸泡和动态淋滤的实验研究,揭示煤矸石中8种典型的有害重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn在不同pH值、不同环境温度、与降水的不同作用方式下的溶出特征与释放规律。结果表明,煤矸石在静态浸泡过程中除未检出Mn外,其他7种重金属元素的溶出浓度随浸泡时间的延长而增加,表现出前期的快速释放和后期的慢速释放规律;而浸泡温度升高后,部分重金属元素如Cr、Cu、Pb在浸泡后期的释放速率呈增加趋势。动态淋滤过程中8种重金属元素表现出间歇性快速释放规律,且溶出浓度大于静态浸泡方式,对环境的影响更显著。pH值和温度是煤矸石静态浸泡重金属元素溶出特征的重要影响因素,重金属元素的溶出浓度随温度升高而增加,随pH值减小表现出不同的溶出特征与释放规律。Zn、Ni、Cd和As在静态浸泡和动态淋滤实验中的释放量和释放率较大,是煤矸石淋滤液中最易污染土壤和地下水的重金属元素。 相似文献
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近年来,煤矿区用煤矸石回填、碾压后作为建筑地基基础得到了广泛的应用。以徐州沛县某矿煤矸石新鲜样品和回填多年的矸石(1#、2#)样品为例,对煤矸石的颗粒组成、矿物成份及其胀缩性进行分析,结果发现:新鲜矸石颗粒在10mm以上的含量较大,而1#、2#矸石颗粒级配在10mm以下的含量相对较大;煤矸石岩性成份主要为砂岩和泥岩,矸石样品中的粘土矿物有高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石、伊蒙混层和蒙脱石等,新鲜煤矸石中I/M混层和伊利石的含量与1#、2#矸石相比明显高出许多,因而具有较大的膨胀性;1#、2#矸石膨胀性很小,但是在遇水情况下仍具有一定的膨胀性。对煤矸石地基的破坏机理及作用过程进行了分析,并提出用矸石作地基基础时应注意的问题,认为采取适当的措施煤矸石回填地基作为建筑地基是安全可行的。 相似文献
6.
河北邯邢铁矿区矿山环境生态地球化学评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在河北邯邢西石门及周边铁矿区系统地采集了各类生态环境地球化学样品,包括土壤(n=242)、玉米(n=110)、地表水(n=37)、地下水(n=31)和水系沉积物(n=81)。通过对矿区各样品元素含量特征和元素富集程度的研究,利用区域地球化学基准值和地质累积指数定量评价了矿山污染扰动程度。研究表明,矿区土壤、玉米、地表水、地下水、水系沉积物中相对富集较高的与成矿作用有关的元素及主要的伴生元素,部分重金属元素超标,土壤和水系沉积物中Se、As、Cd、Cu、As、Cd、Cu、Co元素超标,玉米中F、Cr、Cd元素接近食品卫生限值,地表水和地下水部分指标浓度接近三类水质限值。研究表明,造成污染的主要来源是铁矿尾矿沙和煤矸石中的硫化物发生氧化作用,导致重金属淋滤转移,另一来源是燃煤降尘的积聚。 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2015,(3)
以莫桑比克楠普拉地区草原稀树景观区某处为试验区,开展了土壤测量试验工作。这里主要展示了试验区土壤中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等18种元素的含量水平,介绍了不同类型土壤各层位的粒级组成特征,研究了这些元素次生富集、贫化特征,并结合地质、重矿物等特征初步探讨了土壤元素含量分布成因。经研究发现:试验区土壤元素含量水平与上地壳土壤元素丰度及我国土壤元素丰度均有较大差异;残坡积土壤中元素含量垂向分布总体规律性明显,表层土壤中Au、Ag、Zn、Li、Nb、Mo、Fe、Ta等8个元素发生次生贫化作用,Cu、Hg、Zr、Si等四个元素发生了明显的次生富集作用,Sn、Cu、Pb、Ta、Sb、K等元素表现出在B层或C层含量较高的特点。该项研究丰富了莫桑比克地球化学基础资料,为进一步研究莫桑比克土壤元素地球化学丰度提供了基础数据,为我国企业在非洲类似景观区开展土壤地球化学测量工作提供了技术参考。 相似文献
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作物对土壤中重金属的吸收受作物种类、采集部位及土壤理化性质等多方面因素的影响。近年来,金衢盆地土壤酸化面积逐年增大,酸化程度逐渐加深,其对土壤-作物系统中重金属元素的活动影响尚不明确。本文基于金衢盆地典型地区264组根系土壤-稻米样品分析数据,开展土壤、作物的重金属含量特征及其影响因素的研究,重点讨论了土壤pH对作物吸收重金属的影响。结果表明：①264件土壤中多数重金属元素的变异系数大于0.5,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn元素之间呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。土壤Cd超标样品23件,超标率为8.7%;As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn超标样品均未超过2件。②稻米中Cu、Zn与Cd含量呈显著正相关,Cd的富集系数（BCF）高于植物营养元素Cu、Zn。③稻米中Zn和Cu在P<0.1水平上与pH值呈显著正相关。Cd、Cr、Hg的BCF与pH值之间存在一定的负相关性。研究认为,适当调低土壤的酸碱度会削减土壤中Cd、Hg等重金属元素的活性,从而减少农作物对重金属的吸收转运。研究结果可为当地粮食安全生产决策提供科学数据,为土地管护提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Therese N. Nganje Christopher I. Adamu Anthony N. Ugbaja Essang Ebieme Gregory U. Sikakwe 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(1-2):199-205
Water, sediment, and mine spoil samples were collected within the vicinity of the Okpara coal mine in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria, and analyzed for trace elements using ICP-MS to assess the level of environmental contamination by these elements. The results obtained show that the mine spoils and sediments are relatively enriched in Fe, with mean values of 1,307.8(mg/kg) for mine spoils and 94.15% for sediments. As, Cd, Cr, Mn,Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments were found to be enriched relative to the mean values obtained from the study area, showing contamination by these elements. The mean values of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cr in the mine spoils and mean values of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Mn in sediments, respectively, are above the background values obtained from coal and shale in the study area, indicating enrichment with these elements. The water and sediments are moderately acidic, with mean pH values of 4.22?±?1.06 and 4.66?±?1.35, respectively. With the exception of Fe, Mn, and Ni, all other elements are within the Nigerian water quality standard and WHO limits for drinking water and other domestic purposes. The strong to moderate positive correlation between Fe and Cu (r?=?0.72), Fe and Zn (r?=?0.88), and Fe and As (r?=?0.60) at p?<?0.05 as obtained for the sediments depict the scavenging effect of Fe on these mobile elements. As also shows a strong positive correlation with Mn (r?=?≥ 0.70, p?<?0.05), indicating that Mn plays a major role in scavenging elements that are not co-precipitated with Fe. In water, the strong positive correlation observed between Cr and Cd (r?=?1.00), Cu and Ni (r?=?0.94), Pb and Cu (r?=?0.87) and Zn and Cu (r?=?0.99); Ni and Pb (r?=?0.83) and Zn and Ni (r?=?0.97); and between Pb and Zn (0.84) at p?<?0.05 may indicate similar element–water reaction control on the system due to similarities in chemical properties as well as a common source. Elevated levels of heavy metals in sediments relative to surface water probably imply that sorption and co-precipitation on Al and Fe oxides are more effective in the mobilization and attenuation of heavy metals in the mine area than acid-induced dissolution. The level of concentration of trace elements for the mine spoils will serve as baseline data for future reference in the study area. 相似文献
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长期地下煤炭开采在地表产生了大面积的塌陷塘,并造成了不同程度的水域污染。为研究塌陷塘重金属的分布特征及成因,选择了8种对环境影响较大的重金属元素（Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni）为研究对象,以淮南潘集一矿塌陷塘为研究区域,利用ArcGIS地统计模块中的协同克里格算法,通过水体实测光谱反射率作为协变量来估算水体中的重金属含量空间分布特征。结果表明:水体实测光谱与重金属含量有较好的关系,以水体光谱为协变量的协同克里格插值与单变量的普通克里格插值相比,8种重金属元素的预测值与实际值之间的均方根误差明显减少,证明水体实测光谱适合作为协变量来估计水体重金属的空间分布情况。综合分析发现,水体中的Cd,Pb,Cu,Ni主要来自水域西北部的煤矸石堆山,且Cd,Cu,Pb含量均超过了当地的背景值,对环境影响较大;Cr主要来自农业肥料、成土母质和周边道路旁的煤泥灰厂及煤矸石堆;Zn的来源主要是煤矸石、上游生活污水、农业肥料、土壤母质,由于其含量较低,对水环境质量的影响不大。 相似文献
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研究矿业活动重金属的释放、迁移及累积特征对于控制和治理矿区水土环境污染具有重要的意义。本文通过广东大宝山矿区水土污染源调查及横石河流域沿岸水土样品采集,以研究区土壤对照值及国家环境质量为标准,试图探讨了大宝山矿区重金属迁移及累积特征。研究结果表明,横石河沿岸土壤重金属元素主要来自采矿活动的酸性废水的排放,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量均超过对照值,呈现出明显的累积特征,且Cd、Cu含量超过了国家土壤环境质量标准;土壤中重金属累积程度及其风险等级呈现出从源头向下游递减的特点,其中凉桥、水楼下地段农田重金属处于高风险区,阳河-莲心村虽有累积,但无风险;上坝村地处土壤重金属累积的中风险区,下坝村处于低风险区。研究结果为矿区重金属污染防治提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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金属矿产资源开发活动通常会导致矿区土壤重金属含量的累积,选用科学的评价标准及方法成为评判、区分矿业活动农田土壤重金属累积影响和风险的关键问题。在简述土壤背景值和土壤环境质量标准含义的基础上,提出采用与矿区其他环境条件基本相同或相近的邻区耕作层土壤重金属元素的平均含量作为评判矿业活动重金属对耕作层土壤的累积影响的对照值。以2011年小秦岭金矿区80件耕作层土壤重金属含量为例,金矿开发活动区耕作层土壤重金属的累积风险研究表明,土壤重金属低风险以上样品数占总样品数百分比的排序为Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu,矿业活动对土壤重金属累积的贡献率排序为Hg＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd＞Zn。土壤中的Cr、As、Zn元素有轻度累积但无风险。土壤中Hg元素的累积风险面积达到了187.77km＾2,占到研究区总面积的47.08%。其中,中、高风险的面积为99.55km＾2,土壤重金属累积风险极其严重。研究结果科学地评判了矿业活动对耕作层土壤重金属的累积影响及其贡献,为土壤污染防治指明了方向。 相似文献
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Heavy Metal Distribution in Soils near the Almalyk Mining and Smelting Industrial Area,Uzbekistan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: The present study demonstrates distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in soils of the Almalyk mining and smelting industrial area along five transects. The study area is located in Almalyk, Uzbekistan, where the intensification of industrial enterprises negatively impacts the environment. The distribution of 17 heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Th, and U) were studied in 21 sampling locations (21×3=63 soil samples) along five radial transects with a total length of 60?km downwind deposition gradient. Soil samples were collected from the upper layer (0–10?cm) at 4–6?km intervals. As a result of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF, Philips Analytical Ink, USA ), a significant decrease in heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb) deposition was found going from the source in a downwind direction. Soil samples taken from the first location (near the pollution sources) showed higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb, and lower concentrations with increasing distance from the source. Obtained data showed different impact of pollution sources to heavy metal deposition and distribution in soils. The Almalyk mining and smelting complex is the major source of Pb, Zn and Cu enrichment in soils. Distribution of other trace elements does not exceed background content and suggests lithogenic background. This allowed us to divide these elements into two groups: (1) technogenic (Cu, Zn and Pb); and (2) lithogenic (Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Th and U) origins. 相似文献
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An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree‘ , ‘geoaccumulation index‘ , and ‘biological absorption coefficient‘ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le‘an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future. 相似文献
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Pu Wanqiu Sun Jiaqi Zhang Fangfang Wen Xingyue Liu Wenhu Huang Chengmin 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(5):753-773
Metallic ore mining causes heavy metal pollution worldwide. However, the fate of heavy metals in agrosystems with long-term contamination has been poorly studied. Dongchuan District (Yunnan, southwest China), located at the middle reaches of the Xiaojiang River, is a well-known 2000-year-old copper mining site. In this work, a survey on soil heavy metal contents was conducted using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument to understand the general contamination of heavy metals in the Xiaojiang River Basin. Furthermore, river water, soil, and rice samples at six sites along the fluvial/alluvial fans of the river were collected and analyzed to implement an environmental assessment and an evaluation of irrigated agrosystem. V, Zn, and Cu soil levels (1724, 1047, and 696 mg·kg−1, respectively) far exceeded background levels. The geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) showed that cultivated soils near the mining sites were polluted by Cd and Cu, followed by Zn, V, Pb, Cr, Ni, and U. The pollution index (Pi) indicated that rice in the area was heavily polluted with Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. The difference in orders of metal concentrations between the soil and rice heavy metal contamination was related to the proportion of bioavailable heavy metals in the soil. The crop consumption risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient exceeded the safe threshold, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to consumers. The Nemerow integrated pollution index and health index indicated that the middle of the river (near the mining area) was the heaviest polluted site.
相似文献18.
矿业活动区农田土壤重金属累积风险的评判方法——以小秦岭金矿区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金属矿产资源开发活动通常会导致矿区土壤重金属含量的累积,选用科学的评价标准及方法成为评判、区分矿业活动农田土壤重金属累积影响和风险的关键问题。在简述土壤背景值和土壤环境质量标准含义的基础上,提出采用与矿区其他环境条件基本相同或相近的邻区耕作层土壤重金属元素的平均含量作为评判矿业活动重金属对耕作层土壤的累积影响的对照值。以2011年小秦岭金矿区80件耕作层土壤重金属含量为例,金矿开发活动区耕作层土壤重金属的累积风险研究表明,土壤重金属低风险以上样品数占总样品数百分比的排序为HgCdPbCu,矿业活动对土壤重金属累积的贡献率排序为HgCuPbCdZn。土壤中的Cr、As、Zn元素有轻度累积但无风险。土壤中Hg元素的累积风险面积达到了187.77km2,占到研究区总面积的47.08%。其中,中、高风险的面积为99.55km2,土壤重金属累积风险极其严重。研究结果科学地评判了矿业活动对耕作层土壤重金属的累积影响及其贡献,为土壤污染防治指明了方向。 相似文献
19.
以唐山市主城区161个城市近地表灰尘样品为研究对象,研究其重金属含量及环境质量状况。采用单因子指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法对唐山城市近地表灰尘中重金属进行环境质量评价,并应用ARCGIS的空间分析模块进行空间插值制图。结果表明,研究区城市近地表灰尘中重金属含量均超过当地背景值。近地表灰尘中重金属元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Hg、Cr、Ni和As的变异系数分别是4323%、21399%、11321%、2956%、7083%、5180%、2921%、3267%,其中含量变异系数较大的重金属是Cd、Pb等。重金属元素单因子指数评价表明,Cd、Zn为严重污染,Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu 、Ni为潜在污染,As为清洁,污染程度依次为Cd>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Hg>Ni>As。尼梅罗综合指数法评价表明,唐山城市近地表灰尘重金属综合污染严重,清洁、潜在污染、轻污染、重污染、严重污染比例分别为0、372%、5219%、3851%、558%,重污染以上污染比例达到4409%,其严重污染区与工业区域、交通分布发达程度的分布相吻合,重金属污染可能与城市的燃煤、交通等污染源有关。 相似文献