共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 161 毫秒
1.
自工业革命以来,大气中CO2浓度快速升高导致了全球变暖,并引发了一系列气候和环境问题。应对气候变化、实现“碳达峰与碳中和”(以下简称“双碳”)已成为世界各国共同倡导的目标;而理解自然系统的碳源汇功能,对实现这一目标具有重要的意义。泥炭地是世界上分布最为广泛的湿地类型,对全球碳循环和气候变化有着十分重要的影响,其在实现“双碳”目标中的重要性受到越来越多的关注,这也使泥炭地碳循环研究成为前沿领域。本文简要回顾了国内外泥炭地碳循环的研究现状,阐述了泥炭地的碳源汇特征(包括CO2净交换、 CH4排放、溶解有机碳迁移、碳累积)、变化及驱动机制,并对其在实现“双碳”目标中的作用进行了分析。总体来说,泥炭地碳循环对全球碳源汇估算具有重要的影响,未来需进一步加强对泥炭地分布和碳库的研究,强化泥炭地生态环境演变规律、碳循环-相关过程对气候变化的敏感度以及研究薄弱地区等的针对性研究。在此基础上,科学地可持续管理和恢复退化泥炭地,如人为水文调节,以保持甚至增加其碳汇潜力和储存碳的稳定性,可发挥泥炭地在“双碳”时代的最大碳汇潜力,也将是减缓气候... 相似文献
2.
泥炭沼泽是具有全球意义的湿地类型,研究泥炭沼泽源酚酸对铁有机复合体的溶解作用有助于深入了解铁碳耦合地球化学循环过程.以中国东北金川泥炭沼泽为研究对象,提取了泥炭腐殖质,并实验合成了铁有机复合体及一系列的铁氧化物.选择原儿茶酸、咖啡酸和没食子酸等代表性泥炭沼泽源酚酸对铁有机复合体以及铁氧化物等系统开展了不同条件下的溶解试验.结果表明酚酸对无定型的水铁矿和新合成的铁有机复合溶解能力相对较弱,而对结晶态的赤铁矿、针铁矿和老化后的铁有机复合体的溶解能力较强.pH值、酚酸浓度和铁氧化物自身的结构和组成都对铁矿物的溶解作用产生影响.反映了铁有机复合体在酚酸溶液体系中比无机铁氧化物更稳定,这与泥炭沼泽中有机结合态铁比例较高、而普通矿质土壤中结晶态铁氧化物占比更大的事实相吻合.证明了铁有机复合体是泥炭沼泽中影响铁碳循环耦合的关键载体.泥炭沼泽中铁碳作用十分复杂,既能以铁有机络合物形式向海洋等水生生态系统输出大量的溶解性铁,也能通过铁有机复合体的形成促进泥炭沼泽有机碳的保存,进而影响全球铁碳循环耦合,具有重要的生态环境意义. 相似文献
3.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>泥炭地尽管只占全球陆地面积的3%,有机碳的储量却高达全球土壤有机碳总量的30%,在全球陆地碳循环中起着重要的作用。因此,泥炭地关键带监测有着重要的科学意义。微生物活动是泥炭地关键带过程的主要营力之一。通过系统的环境条件-微生物活动-碳动态观测,可以帮助我们更好地认识泥炭地碳循环过程。藿类化合物是一类重要的细菌脂类标志物,在泥炭地中含量和种类丰富,可以用来指示泥炭地细 相似文献
4.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>泥炭湿地是陆地上重要的生态类型,其复杂的生态结构和独特的生态功能使其能保存大量的泥炭沉积以及丰富的环境信息。尽管泥炭湿地面积仅占陆地面积的1/3,但其碳储量却相当于全球土壤碳的30%,大气碳量的一半[1],是陆地生态系统重要的碳库。泥炭湿地微生物群落的代谢直接关系到泥炭沉积物中有机碳的降解和转化[2-3],以及泥炭的沉积速率等,是泥炭湿地碳循环的重要组成部分。笔者对大九湖泥炭地及其湿地湖泊进行现代过程监测,利用Biolog Eco微平板刻画其微生物群落水平 相似文献
5.
利用高精度多梯度热培养系统,对英国威尔士地区两类典型的北方泥炭沼泽中酚类物质和溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性进行了为期1年的调查研究.研究结果表明,雨养泥炭沼泽(Bog)酚类物质释放的热敏感性Q10(总酚)月变化为0.92～1.57,而矿养泥炭沼泽(Fen)的月变化范围为0.93～1.30.酚类释放的热敏感性与土壤温度大致呈正相关关系.此外,土壤温度与溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性Q10(DOC)也呈正相关关系.总体上,雨养泥炭沼泽的热敏感性比矿养泥炭沼泽略高.除温度外,水文条件和植被等多种环境因子对酚类物质和溶解有机碳释放的热敏感性也有较大影响.研究结果还表明酚碳热敏感性比值Q10o(总酚)/Q10(DOC)相对稳定,土壤温度的变化对其影响有限. 相似文献
6.
探讨了全新世中国西南地区红原泥炭地的碳积累速率与气候变化的响应机制,综合腐殖化度、有机碳含量、干容重和纤维素碳氧同位素多指标,重建了红原泥炭地全新世气候变化和碳积累速率变化历史。在温暖湿润早全新世(11.5~6.2ka B.P.)初级生产力超过泥炭分解,是其快速积累期。此阶段红原泥炭碳积累具有明显北方泥炭碳特征。4.5~2.5ka B.P.气候温凉湿润既能促进初级生产力发展,又能抑制泥炭分解,出现高速积累期,此阶段红原泥炭积累速率具有明显热带泥炭碳特征。 相似文献
7.
珠江马口站,河口站断面水体有机碳含量的季节变化 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
１９９７年７月份和１１月份对北河口站和西江马口站水体有机碳含量进行了两次采样分析。结果表明;两江水体的颗粒有机碳含量在不同 均高于溶解有机碳含量,这与全球河流以溶解有机碳为主的平均格局显著不同。溶解有机碳,颗粒有机碳含量以及总有机碳含量均不文季节的变化而变化,汛期含量高于平水期。悬浮物中有机碳的含量的随悬浮物含量的增加,也即流域土壤机械侵蚀强度的加强而降低,这种现象与全球河流的总体趋势一致。汛期水 相似文献
8.
河流碳通量与陆地侵蚀研究 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
河流碳通量系陆地侵蚀产物，它构成全球碳循环的一个重要环节。河流碳通量在数量上远小于全球碳循环的其他环节，但由于与陆地生态系统联系密切，故对它的研究尤为重要。全球每年河流碳通量约为1GtC（109t碳），其中约60％为无机碳、40％为有机碳。溶解态有机碳和颗粒状有机碳主要来源于土壤侵蚀，另有一部分有机碳来源于河湖中的浮游植物；溶解态无机碳主要源于大气中CO2和碳酸盐；颗粒无机碳主要指未溶解的碳酸盐。亚洲季风区河流对全球河流碳通量具有较大贡献，而对其研究程度较低。河流碳通量研究既可为流域治理提供基础资料，也是进一步了解人为CO2“未知汇”的途径之一。 相似文献
9.
泥炭是一种具有多种用途的宝贵自然资源,泥炭中的有机碳储量是研究全球碳库变化及碳循环过程的重要参数。由于泥炭多分布于沼泽中,且泥炭松软含水量大的特性,对于泥炭深度的调查、获取用于测试泥炭原状样品的质量不高,导致泥炭碳储量评价仍存在不确定性和偏差。笔者等在典型泥炭形成地若尔盖沼泽湿地地区,开展了浅钻泥炭调查取样工作,通过在泥炭斑块边缘及中心两种不同沼泽湿地地层开展的试验,验证了轻便钻机在难进入的沼泽湿地的适应性,配套的振动冲击工艺可高质量的获得无扰动的泥炭样品,同时查明了泥炭层的厚度。通过试验初步探索了采用轻便钻机配套振动冲击钻进工艺进行泥炭调查取样的有效性。浅层取样钻探作为泥炭调查取样的一种直接有效的技术手段,可以有效地提高泥炭调查效率和精度,为准确评价泥炭储量数据提供可靠的钻探技术服务支撑。 相似文献
10.
泥炭是一种具有多种用途的宝贵自然资源,泥炭中的有机碳储量是研究全球碳库变化及碳循环过程的重要参数。由于泥炭多分布于沼泽中,且泥炭松软含水量大的特性,对于泥炭深度的调查、获取用于测试泥炭原状样品的质量不高,导致泥炭碳储量评价仍存在不确定性和偏差。笔者等在典型泥炭形成地若尔盖沼泽湿地地区,开展了浅钻泥炭调查取样工作,通过在泥炭斑块边缘及中心两种不同沼泽湿地地层开展的试验,验证了轻便钻机在难进入的沼泽湿地的适应性,配套的振动冲击工艺可高质量的获得无扰动的泥炭样品,同时查明了泥炭层的厚度。通过试验初步探索了采用轻便钻机配套振动冲击钻进工艺进行泥炭调查取样的有效性。浅层取样钻探作为泥炭调查取样的一种直接有效的技术手段,可以有效地提高泥炭调查效率和精度,为准确评价泥炭储量数据提供可靠的钻探技术服务支撑。 相似文献
11.
Temperature sensitivities of microbial respiration and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production were investigated by using
a novel method, thermal gradient (2–20°C) temperature bar, in two typical peatlands (bog and fen) in North Wales, UK over
12 months. The study indicated that temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition in North peatlands was regulated
not only by temperature but soil water content, dry–rewet event and phenologies. Potential decreases of Q10 (CO2) with increasing soil temperature were confirmed in both peatlands, but Q10 (DOC) increase with increasing soil temperature in both bog and fen sites. These results imply, if other factors such as
the so-called CO2 fertilization effect are simultaneously taken into account, that the feedback of global warming induced CO2 release from peatlands to climate change may be overestimated in current biogeochemical models. However, global warming might
have been nonlinearly accelerating DOC thermal production, and therefore it helps explaining the causes of remarkable increase
of DOC in surface water in the Northern Hemisphere during last several decades. 相似文献
12.
Peatlands are important carbon stores, but when drained (e.g. for agriculture), this carbon is released to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas). Globally, at least 15% of peatlands have been drained, mostly in Europe and South‐east Asia, and are responsible for 5% of human‐derived CO2 emissions. Peatlands have been exploited for generations, but not without local to global consequences, particularly in South‐East Asia. However, recognition of the continuous environmental toll caused by peatland exploitation is leading to a need to change attitudes and practices, in order to propel a move towards a more balanced and responsible use of peat in both northern and tropical peatlands. 相似文献
13.
国际第四纪地质学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
与人类环境关系密切的第四纪地质学在“过去的全球变化”研究中取得了一系列重要进展，主要体现在对末次冰期旋回的高分辨率环境保护的提，高精度分析方法的建立、气候不稳定性的发现与研究以及穿越赤道的南北半球对比研究的开始等。 相似文献
14.
Benthic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux rates and changes in DOC isotope ratios, along with nutrient fluxes, phospholipid fatty acids concentration and carbon isotope ratios were measured in productive estuarine sediments over a diel cycle to determine the mechanisms driving benthic-pelagic coupling of DOC. There was uptake of DOC during the dark and efflux during the light at all sites. DOC uptake rates were related to benthic respiration (dark O2 uptake) and effluxes were coupled to the trophic status (ratio of production to respiration) of the sediments. Highest uptake and efflux rates were observed at two high nutrient concentration sites. The DOC:DON ratio of water column dissolved organic matter (DOM) decreased during the dark and increased during the light indicating preferential uptake and release of carbon rich dissolved organic matter. The calculated carbon isotope ratio of the DOC taken up by the benthos was significantly more depleted than the bulk water column DOC pool, suggesting preferential uptake of selected components of the water column DOC pool. Generally the isotope ratio of the DOC released during the light was more enriched than that taken up during the dark, which suggests that the benthos has the potential to significantly alter the estuarine DOC pool. Uptake and efflux were coupled to respiration and algal grazing/mineralization, therefore increased nutrient loading may shift the composition of the estuarine DOC pool through changes in the magnitude of benthic DOC fluxes. A combination of biological (diel shifts in DOC production and consumption) and abiotic processes (flocculation) appear to be driving the observed benthic DOC dynamics at the study sites. This study was the first to measure carbon isotopic changes in the water column DOC pool due to benthic processes, and shows that the benthos can alter the estuarine DOC pool through diel differences in DOC uptake and efflux. 相似文献
15.
The seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a subterranean estuary were examined in a coastal water-table aquifer extending across a forest-marsh interface into an adjacent tidal creek that leads to North Inlet (SC). The aquifer is characterized by groundwater flow from the forest recharge area towards the creek. DOC concentrations range from 50 to 140 mg L-1 in the shallow portions of the aquifer below the forest and undergo seasonal changes that are inversely related to temperature and precipitation conditions. Markedly lower DOC concentrations (<10 mg L-1) in the deep portion of the aquifer are consistent with the loss of a large fraction of the original DOC along the groundwater flow paths. Mass balance estimates indicate that over 60% of the DOC losses are due to sorption reactions whereas the rest appear to be caused by heterotrophic decay. Groundwater DOC discharge from the forest, which occurs in a restricted zone of the high marsh, is 5.5 mg carbon m-2 d-1 and accounts for a minor component of the annual carbon export from North Inlet. In contrast, moderately saline (2–12 ppt) ground waters below the marsh display elevated DOC concentrations (20 mg L-1) that appear to be the result of mixing of fresh ground waters and surface seawater during tidal seepage and concentration during evapotranspiration. The flux of DOC associated with the discharge of these saline ground waters is 600 mg carbon m-2 d-1, which represents a significant fraction of the annual DOC budget for North Inlet. 相似文献
16.
摘要：根据国内外相关研究结果,对新生代气候变化与温室气体(特别是CO2)浓度在不同时间尺度上的可能关系进行初步归纳和探讨。在构造、轨道和千年时间尺度上,气候变化和温室气体浓度均有显著的相关性,表明温室气体无疑是影响地球气候系统的重要因素。同时,两者亦具有显著的“非耦合”特征,包括新近纪构造尺度上CO2相对稳定水平下的全球变冷和冰量扩张、轨道和千年尺度上CO2浓度变化滞后于气候变化、两半球气候的不对称演化等;两者变化的幅度、趋势和变率也常有不同。这些特征中的多数并不能用地球轨道参数的变化来直接解释,表明除太阳辐射和温室气体外,气候系统内部的其他一些因素或过程有时对过去的气候变化起到了决定性的作用。气候变化与温室气体浓度之间可能存在一种自调节功能,构成一个自调节系统而相互调控,而目前我们对这类过程与机理所知尚少。CO2、CH4等作为温室气体,在上述不同时间尺度的气候变化过程中,无疑对气温具正反馈效应。地质尺度上气候变化与温室气体浓度的关系与机理有助于理解当前全球增温的机制,但把过去与现在类比的同时,也要考虑其他边界条件的不同。加强气候模拟与记录对比的研究,对理解上述问题有望发挥重要作用。
关键词：新生代气候;温室气体;碳循环;人类活动 相似文献
17.
Florian Einsiedl Norbert Hertkorn Moritz Frommberger Boris P. Koch 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(22):5474-5482
The study of molecular transformation processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the environment significantly contributes to a better understanding of the global biogeochemical organic matter cycle. In an oxic karst groundwater system, in which the most powerful abiotic DOC degradative reactions, photodegradation and metal-mediated redox chemistry, are at best marginal contributors, a near complete turnover of fulvic acids (FAs) has been observed within decades (∼60 years). Depletion of oxygen for a very extensive range of aliphatic and aromatic carbon chemical environments has been confirmed as well as the formation of novel classes of compounds, suggesting a major contribution from biotic processes. From these results we infer that FAs must be perceived as a rather active participant in the global carbon cycle. Molecular-level alterations of such magnitude and rapidity on such short-time scales ought to be considered as widespread in the processing of “refractory” DOC in the environment. 相似文献
18.
In 2008, the very extensive tropical peats were estimated to be about 182 million ha spanning South America, Asia and Africa. About 20.3%(36.9 million ha) of this area exist in Asia. Peats are classified based on their degree of decomposition, namely Fibrists, Hemists, Saprists and Folists. This makes them different in characteristics. The activities of microorganisms vary in different types of peat due to, for example, the sapric layer of well humified peat can provide water and food to microorganisms during heat stress. In another scenario, deeper peat is older and typically has lower levels of labile carbon to provide substrate for microbes compared to surface peat. A complete understanding of the microbial communities in different layers of peat is essential as microorganisms play major roles in peat decomposition and are important to ecosystem processes. These peats are a very important global carbon(C)store or reserve and could severely impact climate change if not managed well. Peatlands can store as much as 40 to 90 Gt C. Mis-management of peats could severely impact the environment particularly the emission of carbon into the atmosphere. For instance, clearing of peatlands using fire has been reported to release an estimated 88 t C ha~(-1) to the atmosphere. There are several factors which influence the environmental consequences of tropical peat especially in relation to climate change. The main influences are:(i) changes in temperature,(ii) changes in precipitation or rainfall,(iii) changes in atmospheric composition, and(iv) fire and haze. This paper is a brief review on these four influences in relation to climate change. It is apparent from the brief review that there is a need for continued short and long-term research to better understand tropical peats and how they affect our climate. This will hopefully provide the basis for predicting better what could happen under various scenarios. 相似文献
19.
The distribution, variability and chemical behaviour of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated over 2 years in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel, UK. The concentrations of riverine DOC (3.1–7.8 mg C l?1) covaried with river flow and were invariably conservative in this turbid slowly flushing (~200 days) estuary, indicating that any microbial degradation, chemical flocculation or adsorption processes do not affect the flux of riverine DOC through the estuary. The DOC inputs from the Severn (1.7–2.7 × 1010 g Cyr?1) and other rivers (2.6–3.4 × 1010 g Cyr?1) are the principal sources of DOC in the estuary and correspond to an export of 0.7–1.1% of the terrestrial productivity from the river catchment to the ocean. This export rate is in accord with recent predictions derived from global compilations of organic inputs from rivers and would imply that the global flux of riverine DOC could be as high as 7.8 × 1014 g Cyr?1 which is 5 times greater than some previous estimates.The geochemical significance of a conservative delivery of riverine DOC to the ocean is that irrespective of which flux estimate is considered, such river inputs would make a significant contribution (~SO%) to oceanic DOC, and that the steady-state oceanic DOC flux would have to be significantly greater than present estimates (2.9 × 1014 g Cyr?1) which are based on a mean radio carbon age of 3400 yr.An alternative, more realistic DOC flux model, which assumes a polydisperse age distribution about the mean age, is shown to yield the higher oceanic DOC fluxes required. Flocculation and adsorption processes would remove less than 10% and 0.2% respectively of riverine DOC in estuaries. 相似文献
20.
大陆风化与全球气候变化 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
:“构造隆升驱动气候变化”的假说是当前解释新生代以来全球气候变冷的主流观点。该假说把新生代以来发生的几个主要现象 ,即全球气候总体上趋冷 ,大气 CO2 浓度下降 ,海洋 87Sr/ 86Sr比值上升 ,以及构造作用引起的大面积隆升等加以有机的联系 ,给以了合理的解释。近几年围绕大陆风化和全球气候变化问题取得了一些新的进展 ,主要是对发源于喜马拉雅山的河流进行研究 ,探讨青藏高原隆起对于大陆风化速率的影响。这些争论主要是有关硅酸盐风化还是碳酸盐风化 ,有机碳的风化与埋藏 ,大陆风化与大气温度 ,大气 CO2 浓度与大气温度等问题。最后介绍了我国研究人员在黄土高原的黄土沉积地层所作的研究工作和取得的成果。 相似文献