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1.
桂林毛村岩溶区自然植被土壤团聚体中腐殖质组成初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探索土壤有机碳物理保护与化学保护的关系,有助于揭示土壤固碳和培肥机理,明确不同粒级团聚体和不同腐殖物质组分对土壤固碳和肥力的贡献。本研究对岩溶区自然植被土壤团聚体中腐殖质含量进行了研究,结果表明:(1)灌丛和林地土壤团聚体中有机碳含量总体上均表现为随着土层深度的增加逐渐下降,而在不同土层深度随着团聚体粒径范围的变化则有机碳含量的变化规律则不同,无明显一致的规律;(2)两种土地利用方式各粒径团聚体中胡敏酸和富里酸均比全土小。这可能是由于在湿筛分离团聚体的过程中溶于水的那部分胡敏酸和富里酸成分被损失掉;(3)各腐殖质组分随着团聚体粒径范围的减小在两种自然植被上均无明显一致的规律,但胡敏酸和富里酸总量则基本表现为随着团聚体粒径范围的减小而逐渐升高,即在0.25mm和0.5~0.25mm粒径范围团聚体中最大;(4)两种自然植被土壤各土层中和各团聚体中胡敏酸/富里酸(HA/FA)基本上表现为小于1,这主要是因为研究区温度相对较高,湿度较大,植被覆盖度大,微生物降解作用强所致。 相似文献
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本文是《实用煤相学》研究的另一篇论文，对组成不同煤相（Ⅰ１、Ⅰ２、Ⅱ和Ⅲ）的煤的类型进行了深入分析，论述了不同环境（煤相）决定了不同的成煤类型的观点。通过对不同煤型煤的显微组分（类脂组、镜质组和无机组分）组成和镜质组特征（荧光强度和反射率）的深入研究，划分出与四种煤相相对应的四种基本的类型：即强还原型腐泥煤或腐殖腐泥煤（Ⅰ１型）、强还原型腐泥腐殖煤或腐殖煤（Ⅰ２型）、较强还原型腐殖煤（Ⅱ型）和较弱还原型腐殖煤（Ⅲ型）。从而阐述了煤相与煤型之间的内在成因联系。为进一步表述“沉煤环境（煤相）—成煤类型（煤型）—煤质特征（煤质）”这一概略成因模型奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
对各种古土壤的分类标准进行比较之后,重点介绍了Mack的古土壤分类及其土壤的演变序列。Mack的古土壤分类主要依据稳定矿物和保存在土壤中的古地貌属性,将古土壤划分为9种。在地层序列中古土壤的识别标志主要包括颜色、粒度、生物成因构造（植物生长痕迹）、原生沉积构造退化特征、层次化和边界特征、宏观结构特征、矿物及地球化学特征等。可以通过野外观察、室内显微镜观察、实验室化验及地震、测井资料来进行鉴别。陆相盆地具有很强的分隔性,盆地相变又非常复杂,寻找区域性较稳定的层序界面比较困难。越来越多的研究证实用古土壤划分陆相成因地层层序、解决地区及全球对比具有重要的实用价值。 相似文献
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兰州—民和盆地第四纪地层学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在野外调查和室内分析的基础上，对兰州－民和盆地的晚新生代地层和环境进行了较系统的研究，对第四纪地层进行了地貌学、岩石学、年代学、土壤地层学和古气候学研究，查明了研究区各地貌单元形成时代与物质组成特点、侵蚀期和堆积期的旋回过程及黄土中1．9MaB.P．以来磁化率与古气候、古土壤事件（S26－S0）、古气候演化的周期（45ka、100ka）、特点和黄土中15万年以来短尺度气候事件（H1－9及DO1－10）。 相似文献
6.
土体腐殖质对水泥土固化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合软土工程实例,探讨了腐殖质对水泥土作用的规律性.试验结果表明:水泥土中结合态腐殖酸均与原土差异较大;水泥土中腐殖酸光密度E465 /E665 值变大,松结态w(C)FA /w(C)HA 变大,稳结态w(C)FA /w(C)HA 减小.在水泥土水化反应中,土体腐殖质与Ca 2 、Al 3 等生成钙键、铝键等复合体. 相似文献
7.
吸附态轻烃气相色谱分析方法及其在天然气水合物测定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了毛细管柱气相色谱测定土壤中吸附态轻烃（酸解烃、顶空气轻烃）的方法,采用适于批量处理的酸解烃样品制备和通过振荡、加热达到解吸平衡的顶空气样品制备的前处理方法,在优化的仪器条件下,对天然气水合物区土壤中吸附态轻烃进行检测。顶空气轻烃的方法检出限为0．018×10^-6（以甲烷计算）,精密度为6．6％（甲烷）-16％（异丁烷）;酸解烃的方法检出限为0．016μL／kg（以甲烷计算）,精密度为2．2％（甲烷）～19％（正戊烷）。该方法应用于大批量实际样品分析中,效果良好。 相似文献
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本文首先对玉龙山东麓不同海拔高度现代表土样品有机碳同位素组成进行研究,探讨土壤碳同位素组成与海拔高度的关系,然后对0.5～0.7MaB.P.以来3期古土壤样品的有机碳同位素组成进行了测定.结果表明,现代表土的有机碳同位素组成与海拔高度之间存在良好的相关性,应是植被随海拔高度变化的反映;不同年龄的古土壤虽然目前均出露于地表,但其深部碳同位素组成存在显著差异,表明古土壤有机质中仍可能包含了过去植被的信息.根据上述结果对青藏高原0.5～0.7MaB.P.以来的隆升幅度进行尝试性估算,得到的隆升幅度约为800m.这个结果与我们过去根据古土壤的估算是基本一致的. 相似文献
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关中盆地渭南地区十五万年来的黄土剖面记载了６个大的成壤期。本文对古土壤形成时的古环境进行了解译，并对它们在不同分类系统中的位置进行评价。全新世土壤Ｓ０是联合国土壤分类中的淋溶湿草原土。马兰黄土中包含两层古土壤，属典型黑钙土。Ｓ１古土壤由三层土壤复合组成，从上到下依次为典型黑钙土、淋溶湿草原土和深色淋溶土。成壤期与全球冰量较小的时期相对应，但古土壤的类型及发育程度与深海氧同位素所推测的全球冰量的变化有很大的不一致性，相反许多方面与北半球夏季太阳辐射的变化有较大的可比性。 相似文献
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有重要的地学意义。本文通过野外观察,结合常量元素、碳酸盐和磁化率,对祁连山东段甘肃白银地区晚泥盆世古土壤地球化学特征及古气候进行研究。结果表明：大红沟（DHG）剖面和磁窑（CY）剖面古土壤碳酸盐含量从剖面顶部向下是逐渐呈升高趋势,由于碳酸盐溶解度小,导致碳酸盐在土壤中聚集,形成钙质土壤表明气候环境是干旱或半干旱。通过对DHG和CY剖面样品常量元素分析,发现其化学成分相对均一,Na、Ca值较低,古土壤化学风化指数（CIA）平均值为46.59,显示出较弱的化学风化强度,气候环境为干旱。磁化率范围为3.14×10-8 m3/kg～11.2×10-8 m3/kg,磁化率的变化反映了古土壤的风化成壤强度的变化情况,DHG剖面的磁化率明显高于CY剖面,表明DHG剖面的风化成壤作用强,CY剖面的风化成壤作用弱。同时结合泥裂和肺鱼洞穴遗迹所反映的干旱—半干旱气候特征,推断研究区晚泥盆世时期气候以干旱—半干旱为主。 相似文献
11.
It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E4/E6 ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches. 相似文献
12.
The structural, spectroscopic and phenanthrene binding characteristics were compared for humic acids (HA) extracted from two different sources: eight soils and six lake sediments. The elemental analysis revealed that HA from sediments had higher H/C, N/C, and (N + O)/C ratios compared to HA from soils, reflecting a lower degree of humification and more autochthonous organic input upon the formation of the HA for lake sediments versus soil environments. HA from soils exhibited a higher content of aromatic carbon structures than the sediment HA based on 13C NMR results. The source of HA was easily distinguished by comparing the synchronous fluorescence spectra of each HA group. The presence of a protein like fluorescence was prominent for the HA from sediment while it was minor for the HA from soil. Irrespective of the HA source, however, humification index (HIX) exhibited a common positive correlation with the aromatic content, and a negative correlation with O-alkyl carbon structures of the HA. The correlations were consistent with the general structural trends of humification processes, suggesting that HIX may serve as a source independent predictor to describe the structural information and humification degree of terrigenous HA. Aromatic carbon structures did contribute to enhancing the phenanthrene binding for both sources of HA. However, the primary structures associated with non-ideal phenanthrene binding (i.e., non-linear sorption isotherm) appear to differ by the HA source because the opposed correlations were obtained between aromaticity and the isotherm linearity for the two HA groups. Our results suggest that the HA structural function associated with specific non-linear sorption for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) may be more strongly governed by the HA source than by the apparent physico-chemical properties. 相似文献
13.
Arie Nissenbaum 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(12):1973-1978
The phosphorus content of marine humic acids (HA) is in the range of 0.1–0.2%. The C/P ratios of the HA are 300 to 400. Marine fulvic acids (FA) contain 0.4–0.8% P and have C/P ratios of 80 to 100. High molecular weight organic matter dissolved in pore waters (DOM) contains 0.5% P and has C/P of 90. The data suggest that during the formation sequence: Plankton → DOM → FA → HA → Kerogen, phosphorus is lost, mainly in the FA → HA (and possibly also in the HA → Kerogen) step. Diagenesis of sedimentary humic acids is accompanied by loss of phosphorus (as well as of nitrogen) to form HA with C/P ratios of 1000.Soil humic substances resemble marine humates in P content (0.3%) and soil FA's are about three to fivefold enriched in P relative to HA. C/P ratios are lower in soil HA (ca. 200) as compared with marine HA. Humic acids from diagenetic products such as peat and lignite are highly depleted in P. Rough calculations indicate that humate bound P may account for 20–50% of the organic phosphorus reservoir in sediments. The chemical speciation of this P is unknown, but lack of correlation with ash, Fe, Ca or Al content (in marine humates, at least) indicates that it is organically bound. 相似文献
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青藏高原东部广泛分布着典型黄土沉积,对气候变化有着敏感的响应。对青藏高原东部地区典型表土、黄土、古土壤以及砂样,进行系统的常量、微量元素组成分析,结果显示,高原东部黄土常量元素氧化物主要为SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3和CaO,黄土中SiO2和CaO含量差别较大;Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr、V含量占了微量元素含量的大部分,表土、黄土、古土壤微量元素含量差别不一。与高原东部的风沙沉积、黄土高原黄土、河西走廊黄土的对比结果表明,青藏高原东部黄土组分的常量元素之间的比值（SiO2/Al2O3、TiO2/Al2O3）、常量与微量元素之间的比值（Zr/Al、Zr/Ti）、常量元素三角图（Ca-Mg-K、Ca-Mg-Na）等与其他地区黄土有明显差异,而青藏高原东部黄土与高原表土沉积物及河流砂、风成砂样品比较接近。这些异同点指示青藏高原东部黄土与黄土高原黄土的物源不同;其物源可能主要来自于青藏高原内部,高原内部的河流沉积物、冰碛物等粉尘物质可能为青藏高原东部黄土的主要物源。 相似文献
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A simple method based on high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) has been developed for rapid quantification of humic and fulvic acids (HA and FA) in stream waters. A Tsk-gel column was used to separate natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) into two components: peak A and B. In terms of HPSEC chromatograms and fluorescence patterns, peak A and B were similar to the corresponding XAD-extracted HA and FA, respectively. It is suggested that peak A fraction mainly consisted of HA, and peak B fraction FA. The similar separation of HA and FA using HPSEC and a conventional XAD method suggests the consistency of molecular size distribution and physical–chemical properties of DOM. HPSEC offers a simple and rapid method for the quantification of HA and FA instead of tedious extractions of humic substances. Analyses of natural water samples show that the calculation of HA/FA based on UV absorbance was under- or over-estimated, the calibration using the extracted HS allows a more accurate quantification. The fast screening of HA and FA provides useful quantitative and qualitative information that can be used in environmental or monitoring studies. 相似文献
16.
黄土的本质与形成模式 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
根据显微结构鉴定,有机质分析,颗粒分析,CaCO3测定和野外观察、统计等资料,研究了黄土的本质和形成模式。资料表明,黄土具有土壤的各种结构,具有指示草原和森林草原土壤发生特征的CaCO3和CaSO4淀积成分,含有土壤的有机质;黄土的本质是土壤,是在相对冷干气候条件下发育的多种灰黄色狭义土壤,而且是在当时当地气候条件下处于稳定状态的发育成熟的古土壤;黄土形成模式是风尘经草原、森林草原和荒漠草原区的成壤作用形成土壤的模式。黄土高原是世界上土壤资源最深厚、最富集的地区,黄土的工程地质性质和水文地质性质在很大程度上取决于成壤作用的强弱。 相似文献
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Michael Zech Simon Rass Björn Buggle Manfred Löscher Ludwig Zöller 《Quaternary Research》2012,78(2):226-235
This study contributes to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the loess–paleosol sequence of Nussloch, Germany, by using n-alkanes as plant leaf-wax-derived lipid biomarkers. We found that n-alkane patterns and concentrations in the Saalian loess and the last interglacial Eemian paleosol of Nussloch point to very strong degradation and prevailing deciduous vegetation. Degradation effects in the overlying paleosols and loess layers are less pronounced and allow for the application of an end-member mixing model to estimate vegetation changes semi-quantitatively. Our findings highlight the potential for the interpretation of degradation-corrected n-alkane ratios. n-Alkane modelling results for loess layers, paleosols and an in-filled paleochannel dated to ~ 60–32 ka suggest that up to ~ 50% of the n-alkanes were derived from deciduous trees or shrubs. This finding is in agreement with the abundant occurrence of wood fragments and indicates a highly variable and dynamic landscape dominated by tundra shrubland. On the other hand, deciduous trees or shrubs did not contribute significantly to the soil organic matter in the late Weichselian loess layers and the intercalated Gelic Gleysols (~ 32–18 ka). 相似文献
19.
河北坝上地区位于东亚季风气候边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。丰宁黄土剖面为研究该区域长时间尺度的环境演化提供了理想材料。通过丰宁黄土剖面地球化学元素和磁化率分析,结合光释光测年结果,恢复了该地区230,ka BP以来的环境演化历史; 通过野外观察,识别出了S1古土壤之下发育的风化淋滤黄土层,探讨了S1古土壤发育时期的风化淋滤特征及其所揭示的气候变化问题。结果表明: (1)230,ka BP以来的磁化率记录可与深海氧同位素3—8阶段进行细节上的对比,表明丰宁黄土堆积区对全球气候变化有着积极的响应;(2)S1古土壤发育时期,由于受到强降水的影响,土壤中元素受到强烈淋溶从而向下迁移到L2黄土中,造成L2上部地球化学记录与磁化率的差异;(3)从S1古土壤顶部到钙结核层之间土壤属于酸性淋溶土,可能相当于现今中国北亚热带的黄棕壤,其剖面由土壤层、风化淋滤黄土层和CaCO3淀积层构成;(4)S1古土壤发育时期的温度和降水量与现今江苏泗洪和六合地区相当,表明当时研究区为亚热带气候。 相似文献
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系统测定了陕西洛川黑木沟黄土/古土壤的总有机碳及其主要组分(稳定有机碳、矿物保护有机碳和化学稳定有机碳)的含量,并对总有机碳与粘粒含量及粘土矿物含量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)各层古土壤的总有机碳含量均高于其下伏的黄土层(S4例外),而稳定有机碳、矿物保护有机碳以及化学稳定有机碳的平均含量在黄土与古土壤之间无明显差异;(2)黄土和古土壤中有机碳含量达到稳定所需要的时间不同,分别是140~250 ka和330~410ka;(3)总有机碳和化学稳定有机碳与粘粒呈正相关关系(相关系数r分别为0.46和0.54),它们与粉粒和细砂粒的相关性较差,这说明粘粒是土壤固定有机碳的重要组分;(4)高岭石与总有机碳和化学稳定有机碳的相关性比较明显(r分别为0.74和0.61),伊利石和蒙脱石与它们不相关或相关性较差。 相似文献