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所有鸟臀目恐龙都是植食性或杂食性。鸟臀目恐龙中的奇异辽宁龙是一种体型很小的甲龙,以往均认为与其他甲龙一样生活在陆地上,主要以植物为食。报道了中国发现的一件新的奇异辽宁龙标本,该标本体腔内保存了很多鱼类化石骨骼,认为这些鱼类残骸是甲龙胃或肠里的残留物,因此可以作为该恐龙食肉的有力证据。奇异辽宁龙颊齿齿冠具有长而分叉的齿饰,这种齿系可以穿透像鱼类一样的小动物。恐龙前、后肢指(趾)爪演变得非常锋利同样可以证明其适应吃肉的生活方式。奇异辽宁龙腹部甲板演化成盾状及荐骨-腰带关联疏松也说明其适应水生生活,腹部甲板可以保护腹部身体免受水下攻击。同理,神经弓与椎体之间缝合线开阔不能再作为正型标本的幼年特征。奇异辽宁龙是自18世纪发现恐龙以来已知的第一种肉食性鸟臀目恐龙,不仅代表了第一种水生或半水生有甲类恐龙,更是目前已知最小的鸟臀目恐龙。 相似文献
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《地质学刊》2016,(2)
所有鸟臀目恐龙都是植食性或杂食性。鸟臀目恐龙中的奇异辽宁龙是一种体型很小的甲龙,以往均认为与其他甲龙一样生活在陆地上,主要以植物为食。报道了中国发现的一件新的奇异辽宁龙标本,该标本体腔内保存了很多鱼类化石骨骼,认为这些鱼类残骸是甲龙胃或肠里的残留物,因此可以作为该恐龙食肉的有力证据。奇异辽宁龙颊齿齿冠具有长而分叉的齿饰,这种齿系可以穿透像鱼类一样的小动物。恐龙前、后肢指(趾)爪演变得非常锋利同样可以证明其适应吃肉的生活方式。奇异辽宁龙腹部甲板演化成盾状及荐骨-腰带关联疏松也说明其适应水生生活,腹部甲板可以保护腹部身体免受水下攻击。同理,神经弓与椎体之间缝合线开阔不能再作为正型标本的幼年特征。奇异辽宁龙是自18世纪发现恐龙以来已知的第一种肉食性鸟臀目恐龙,不仅代表了第一种水生或半水生有甲类恐龙,更是目前已知最小的鸟臀目恐龙。 相似文献
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本文描述了产于中国辽宁凌源早白垩世九佛堂组地层的一件鸟类化石标本。该标本中等大小,具有许多原始今鸟型鸟类的共同衍征;同时该标本也具有一个区别与其他已知原始今鸟型鸟类的长吻:吻长超过整个头骨长的70%;前颌骨前端尖而下钩,向前超出下颌前端,下颌齿骨前端直,仅上颌骨和齿骨上具有牙齿,代表了原始今鸟型鸟类一个新的属种和一个新的生态类型,因此建立了一个今鸟型鸟类新属种——张氏觉华鸟(Juehuaornis zhangi gen.et sp.nov)。 相似文献
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最近,甘肃省博物馆收到中国古生物化石保护基金会公函,称该馆一件鱼化石标本——东生甘肃鲨,入选＂中国古生物化石大型公益展＂,这是此次展览中甘肃惟一入选的一件化石标本。＂东生甘肃鲨＂时代为晚二叠世一早三叠世,该标本为模式标本（即正型）,它是我国乃至亚洲首次发现的完整的软骨鱼类化石,同时它也是全球二叠纪弓鲛类的首次报道（见《... 相似文献
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中国辽西著名的中生代义县组地层中,发现一异趾型攀援反鸟类——利伟大凌河鸟。这是中生代鸟类的首次记录,1、2趾与3、4趾明显对握,个体大小似辽西鸟;从骨骼发育情况看,是一亚成年个体。叉骨突短小,与已知的其它反鸟不同;前肢第三掌骨较第二掌骨稍长且粗壮;具有20枚尾椎组成的尾巴,尾椎结构似驰龙类,无尾综骨;羽毛发育较好,保存有小翼羽和较长的尾羽,连同异趾型足为其树栖生活方式提供了强有力的证据。这一新的反鸟的发现也进一步说明了早期鸟类与恐龙的关系。中国发现首例中生代异趾型鸟类@张子慧$首都师范大学生命科学学院!北京,100037,中… 相似文献
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辽西早白垩世九佛堂组一新的初鸟类 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
描述了产于辽宁朝阳盆地联合乡回家子南山早白垩世九佛堂组一新的初鸟类化石。因其头骨下颌近前部具有一嵴状突；前肢短于后肢，前后肢长度比率为0,82；掌骨未愈合；后足纤细，第一趾反转，与其他三趾对握；尾椎少于23节等特征，区别于其他任何已知的初鸟类，故命名为一新属、新种一粗颌大连乌（Dalianraptor cuhe gen．et sp.nov）。 相似文献
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CHEN Rong-jun Lü Jun-chang Zhu Yang-xiao AZUMA Yoichi ZHENG Wen-jie JIN Xing-sheng NODA Yoshikazu SHIBATA Masateru 《地质通报》2013,32(5):693-698
根据中国浙江东阳上白垩统金华组发现的4个翼龙足迹,建立翼龙一新的遗迹种:东阳翼龙足迹。它具有以下特征:手迹的第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ指夹角为29°,第Ⅰ指和第Ⅱ指的夹角为52°;足迹的长与宽的比率为0.17,除了翼龙足迹外,在同一层位中还发现有蜥脚类、鸟脚类、兽脚类、帯蹼和不具蹼的鸟类足迹。这些足迹化石的发现,为研究该地区的古生态环境及以后动物的骨骼化石,尤其是翼龙骨骼化石提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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中国发现世界上最原始的鸟类化石：华美金凤鸟（新属、新种） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
始祖鸟的发现被认为是19世纪最重要的科学发现之一,迄今为止共发现了7枚保存骨骼、羽毛印痕的化石标本和1枚单根羽毛化石标本。由于始祖鸟既显示了明显的爬行动物的特征又保存了精美的羽毛,140多年来人们一直将其作为介于恐龙与鸟类之间的“中间环节”(“missing link”),但更倾向认为它是世界上最古老的鸟,或鸟类的始祖。由于始祖鸟化石稀少,加之地理分布十分局限,长期以来国际上一直围绕鸟类起源问题展开了激烈的争论,提出了各种各样的假说。直到20世纪90年代,在中国辽西晚中生代地层中发现了大量长羽毛的恐龙和原始鸟类化石,有力地支持了鸟类起源于小型兽脚类恐龙的学术观点,使赫 140多年前提出的“假说”成为当今国际科学界占主流地位的学说和理论,基本解决了长期困扰国际科学界的鸟类起源问题,遗憾的是,在过去的几年中,中国一直没有发现与德国始祖鸟十分接近或与德国始祖鸟处于同样进化水平的原始鸟类化石,这种缺憾使我们难以对鸟类定义问题进行深入的研究和探讨,2002年,笔者等在中国辽西早白垩世断层中发现了2种初鸟类化石,即中华神州鸟和东方吉祥鸟。通过比较解剖学研究和支序分析,这2种初鸟类要比始祖鸟略微进步一些,在研究鸟类的早期演化方面具有重要意义;但仍然难以对鸟类定义问题作进一步研究。本文首次报道了一件采自中国河北省丰宁县龙凤山桥头组的初鸟类化石——华美金凤鸟（新属、新种）(Jinfengopteryx elegans gen.et sp.nov),与其共生的化石有Lycoptera davidi,Peipiaosteus pani,yanosteus longidorsalis（鱼类）;Jibeinia luanhera,Protopteryx fengningensis(鸟类）;Ephemeropsis trisetalis(昆虫）及少量植物。支序分析表明,华美金凤鸟处于初鸟类谱系树的基部,比始祖鸟略微原始,与后者为姊妹群关系。奔龙等兽脚类恐龙是它们的外类群。金凤鸟、始祖鸟是中华神州鸟等原始鸟类的外类群。这说明华美金凤鸟处在恐龙向鸟类演化过程中一个非常关键的位置,是世界上迄今所发现的最原始的初鸟类。华美金凤鸟的发现在研究鸟类起源、恐龙-鸟类的系统关系等方面具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
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描述发现于中国辽宁朝阳早白垩世九佛堂组地层中的一件鸟类标本。该标本体型较小,具有许多反鸟类的近裔特征。通过对新标本后肢形态特征的分析,可判断其为一小型树栖反鸟类。新标本具有发育的前肢和进步的乌喙骨,及发育滞后的后肢和相对原始的胸骨形态。胸骨长宽比约为1,顶端呈圆弧形,两个后侧突末端不膨大,中央突末端稍扩大,龙骨突基本不发育等。新标本同时具有反鸟类的原始和进步特征,以及原始的胸骨特征。其综合特征不同于已知任意一种小型反鸟类,因此建立一个反鸟类新属种——普通小反鸟(Microenantiornis vulgaris gen.et sp.nov.)。 相似文献
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Harriette L. Phelps 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(3):614-621
The exotic freshwater clam speciesCorbicula fluminea (Asiatic clam) was first reported in the tidal freshwater Potomac estuary near Washington, D.C., in 1977, and was found in benthic surveys, conducted in 1978, 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1992. In 1981 a tripling of water clarity was reported in the region of the clam beds, followed in 1983 by reapperance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) absent for 50 yr. Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has been surveyed and mapped over the entire Potomac estuary region in almost every year from 1976 to 1993 by aerial photography, as part of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay program. Fish surveys in 1986 found populations increased up to 7× in beds of SAV. Starting in 1984, the Washington, D.C. Christmas Bird Census reported significant increases in several aquatic bird populations both nonmigratory and migratory. An extensive benthic survey in September 1986 estimated a spring-summer population of 8.7×106 kg Asiatic clams (wet weight including shell) in the 5-km region of the Potomac below Washington, D.C. This population was calculated as having the capacity to filter one-third to all of the water in this region of the estuary daily, depending on river flow. The 1986 clam population was smaller than that of 1984 and the 1992 population was 25% of that in 1986. Since 1986, SAV acreage has been decreasing in this area of the Potomac. Aquatic bird populations have declined. Yearly nuisance algae (Microcystis) blooms, which had been absent since 1983, reappeared in 1993. This paper presents evidence to support the theory the invasive Asiatic clam population in the 10 km below Washington, D.C., was responsible for SAV resurgence through filtration affecting turbidity. It suggests the clam populations triggered system-level changes in biota, including increase and decrease in local Potomac estuary populations (SAV, bird, fish, algae) over 10 yr, from 1983 to 1993. Major changes in the Asiatic clam population took place approximately 2 yr before parallel changes in SAV acreage were observed. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2021,4(2):197-204
The authors reassessed the taxonomic distinction of Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni, which are two species of Ornithuromorpha based on specimens from the same locality in western Liaoning and derive from the Jehol Biota. The detailed comparisons of the holotype and referred specimens of both species, reveal no anatomical features that distinguish these taxa as separate species. Some minor differences are considered to relate to ontogenetic or interspecific differences. The stratigraphic occurrence for both specimens is the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. Accordingly, the authors conclude that Iteravis huchzermeyeri has priority, by 15 days, for this taxon and that Gansus zheni is a junior synonym. The diagnosis of Iteravis huchzermeyeri is revised based on further study on all specimens referred to this species. Its generic distinction from Gansus is maintained thereby removing a potential genus-level correlation linking Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province with the Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning Province. 相似文献
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Thousands of chemicals are in daily use; many of these reach the aquatic environment, which serves as a medium of transport and deposition into sediment and organisms. It is often unknown which effects these contaminants, alone or in combination with other stressors, may have on organisms, populations and communities in the aquatic environment. Ecotoxicology strives to identify and mechanistically understand contaminant–biota interactions with the ultimate goal to predict potential adverse effects. There are two general routes to addressing this goal. The first is to understand how organisms and populations respond according to anticipated exposure routes, organisms’ genome and physiology, and structure- physico-chemical properties of chemicals. This knowledge should lead to improved criteria for chemical design and approval. The second general route is to identify the cause–effect relationships of effects detected in the environment without prior knowledge on the chemical’s identity. This approach serves to pinpoint critical chemicals in complex environmental samples to enable decisions or technologies for their reduction or removal. An example will be presented in which biological effect assessment contributed to a better understanding of groundwater contamination. 相似文献
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An incomplete sternum and imprints of a right part pelvis and an associated left femur from the uppermost Palaeocene/lowermost Eocene (Fur Formation) of Denmark are assigned to the extinct palaeognath bird order Lithornithiformes Houde 1988, and to the single described family thereof, the Lithornithidae. Morphological features indicate that both individuals were adult birds, smaller than Lithornis cf. nasi, which is represented by an incomplete humerus from the largely contemporaneous, marine Olst Formation in Denmark, and corresponding in size to the smallest known lithornithid, Lithornis hookeri. Lithornithiformes, common in the Palaeocene and Eocene of North America and Europe, were terrestrial birds capable of flight whose remains are often found in aquatic sediments. Both the depositional environment in which the Danish lithornithids were found, and the associated faunal components suggest that the birds were not transported by rivers. Some of the lithornithid species inhabiting NW Europe may have lived and foraged along the shores of the North Sea Basin. 相似文献
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以2010年11月“长江口及东海海洋综合考察”的基金委公共航次期间采集的长江口外不同站位的水体悬浮体颗粒为对象,使用扫描电镜和能谱仪相结合的方法对其进行了系统观察和研究,发现了铁氧化物和铁硫化物两种自生矿物集合体.铁氧化物集合体由纤铁矿微晶构成,形态不规则;铁硫化物集合体由大小均一的胶黄铁矿微晶构成,呈莓球状.纤铁矿的形成与周围水体的物理化学条件相关,而胶黄铁矿的形成则与有机质包裹的局部微环境有关.水体中所形成的两类自生铁矿物沉降到海底后,会受到底质物理化学条件的制约.本研究表明陆架泥质沉积体中的一部分莓球状铁硫化物属于水体沉积成因,当利用沉积物中黄铁矿莓球体进行环境分析时,需要充分考虑该部分自生铁硫化物的影响. 相似文献
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L Junchang 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1)
A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with soft tissue preserved.Ningchengop terus liuae gen. et sp.nov.,is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull.It was characterized by the skull, slightly longer than the combined length of the dorsal and sacral vertebrae;50 teeth(including upper and lower jaws);short mid-cervical vertebrae;the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of the wing metacarpal in length;the ulna and the femur, equal to that of the first and third wing phalanx in length, respectively.The similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing phalanx 1 of Ningchengopterus and Eosipterus implies that Ningchengopterus may be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur.However, it may also imply that the isometrically growing of the first two wing phalanges exists among some pterosaurs. 相似文献
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河流潜流带是地表-地下水连通和交换的主要区域, 地表-地下水过程不仅促进了生源物质的迁移转化过程, 还能涵养水源、稳定区域生境, 为水生生物提供良好的栖息环境。因此掌握水生生物活动与地表-地下水交换关系是深刻认知和科学保护水生生态系统的关键。本文综述了前人有关水生生物活动反馈于地表-地下水交换过程的研究, 例如, 底栖微生物形成的生物膜可以吸收或滞留生源物质, 改变迁移的时间和路径; 水生动物的行为可能通过改变河床渗透系数和孔隙率等物理参数影响各类物质的地表-地下水交换通量; 水生植物对水流的阻滞和扰动也会作用于地表-地下水交换过程。基于目前研究, 本文提出了该领域的3个未来研究方向: 潜流交换和水生生物互馈理论, 水生生态功能与地表-地下水相互作用关系, 河流潜流带生物-地球-化学耦合过程。 相似文献
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文章以斯洛文尼亚Velika Pasica溶洞为例,对洞内4个常流型滴点进行了近7年（2006-2013年）的监测,包括各滴点的水文特征,岩溶表层带水生甲壳类的微分布特征等;利用多元分析方法中的聚类分析和典范对应分析（CCA）讨论了岩溶表层带甲壳类微分布与水文因子之间的关系。研究发现:（1）4个滴点的水文变化特征表现出很大的差异性;通过聚类分析,12种甲壳类分为4个类型,与4个滴点有很好的对应关系;（2）排序分析发现,主要水文影响因子为最大排泄量（Max）、总排泄量（Q）和滴水温度（Temp）,其中前两者与第一轴保持良好的正相关,Temp与第一轴负相关;（3）物种的分类与排序分析结果很吻合,在主要的7种甲壳类中,Pseudocandona albicans和Speocyclops infernus主要集中分布在VP1处,与Q成很好的正相关;VP2处的主要物种是Morariopsis dumonti和Bryocamptus typhlops,与Max 和Q成负相关;Byocamptus pyrenaicus和Elaphoidella millennii主要分布在VP3处,趋于较适中的水文环境;Moraria varica为VP4特有的物种,与滴水温度表现出较强的相关性;（4）CCA排序轴的特征根值之和占了总特征根的33.8%,可解释一部分重要的物种分布特征,未能被解释的部分可能归结于未被选取的因子如水化学或者随机过程等。因此,不同环境因子影响着各滴点处特定的物种微分布,同时不同的物种分布具有对相应环境特征的潜在的指示作用。 相似文献