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1.
我国南方岩溶区和北方黄土区的大气CO2效应 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
我国南方岩溶区与北方黄土区都是巨大的碳库。碳酸盐的溶蚀及再结晶是两个碳库与大气ＣＯ２交换的重要过程;碳的区域平衡是评价化学风化消耗或逸散ＣＯ２的基础,岩溶区与黄土区在地球化学风化的环境背景。溶蚀过程,产物运移和归宿等差异很大。黄土区化学风化消耗大气ＣＯ２通量较岩溶区小。目前评价两类地区土壤与大气ＣＯ２的源汇关系尚不成熟,需要定量认识土壤ＣＯ２与下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀或与下伏黄土次生碳酸盐化作用。岩溶区湖 相似文献
2.
以低含量有机碳的岩溶土壤（ＳＯＣ, ０．８９％）为媒介,每１５０ｇ上添加松针、梧桐叶粉各 ７．５ｇ,１５ｇ,４个试验土柱号分别为ＳＣＣ３,ＳＣＣ５;ＳＢＣ３,ＳＢＣ５,接种岩溶土壤微生物群落后,于 恒温室内进行培养淋溶实验。结果表明,土壤淋溶液的电导值受土壤有机质含量多少及性质 的影响。土壤水溶性有机碳（ＤＯＣ）淋失总量ＳＣＣ３为５４０．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为１５２２．９ｍｇ;ＳＢＣ３为 ３８３．２ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为５６３．５ｍｇ。同时,土壤环境中Ｃａ２＋的释放总量ＳＣＣ３为１４５．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为 ２８８．７ｍｇ; ＳＢＣ３为１７０．０ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为１６７．９ｍｇ。两者呈正相关,相关系数ｒ２＝０．８５。下伏碳酸 盐岩的溶蚀量排序为ＳＣＣ５＞ＳＢＣ３＞ＳＣＣ３＞ＳＢＣ５,表明两种不同植物凋落物经微生物分 解,产生不同质和量的ＤＯＣ,并导致土壤环境中 Ｃａ２＋释放的差异和不同的岩溶效应。从而初步揭示不同有机碳分解导致ＤＯＣ淋失的差异性,以及ＤＯＣ对岩溶动力系统的驱动。这与Ａ．Ｈｅｙｅｓ和Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｍｏｏｒｅ的研究结果一致。 相似文献
3.
岩土系统地球化学行为及其对岩溶作用驱动--以丫吉村岩溶试验场为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
岩溶成土过程为Ｃ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ淋失,Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ和酸不溶物相对累积的地球化学过程。试验场生物碳库量巨大,实验表明：植物残体在第一季度快速分解,可产生大量ＣＯ２参予岩溶作用;岩溶土壤有机碳含量高、储量大,表层土、鞍部、坡地土松结态有机碳含量高,为岩溶ＣＯ２的潜在来源;土壤有机碳可被酸性溶液（ＫＭｎＯ４）氧化,Ａ层土比Ｂ层土更易被氧化。土壤ＣＯ２含量、释放的野外监测实验结果：湿润气候条件下岩溶作用较为发育。Ｃ１３特征表明：土壤有机碳为土壤ＣＯ２的主要来源,土壤ＣＯ２为岩溶泉ＨＣＯ－３不容忽视的重要来源。土壤、有机质对石灰岩溶蚀实验表明：土壤有机质对石灰岩溶蚀具明显的促进作用,雨季比旱季、坡地比洼地岩溶作用更加发育。 相似文献
4.
表层岩溶系统因碳酸盐岩－水－CO2(气)三相的化学动态不平衡过程而产生特殊的碳循环环节,参加循环的碳包括碳酸盐岩中的碳、大气和土壤空气CO2部分。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环非常活跃,并敏感地响应岩溶动力因素的变化,从而促进了地球化学过程和生物化学过程的结合,成为大气CO2汇的重要项。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环通过驱动环境的元素迁移,促进土壤有机质的积累,并影响植物所需要的矿物质营养元素的全量和有效态,进而影响岩溶区的植物物种、特有性和作物的发育。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩岩溶作用对大气CO2 沉降的贡献 总被引：28，自引：10，他引：18
精确预测大气ＣＯ２的未来变化对于预测全球气候变化是至关重要的,为此,需要确定大气ＣＯ２的源和汇及其随时间的变化,本文作者利用已表和未发表的资料对一些实例进行了分析,首和无讨论了碳酸盐岩岩溶作用（包括碳酸盐溶解及再沉积的共同影响）对土壤ＣＯ２和径流变化的敏感性,接着利用化学流量方法和碳酸盐岩石片试验方法得出了我国和世界碳酸盐岩地区因碳酸盐岩岩溶作用从大气中吸的净ＣＯ２总量,即碳酸盐岩岩溶作用对大气ＣＯ２沉降的贡献,它们分别是：中国每年１８００万ｔＣ,整个世界岩溶地区１．１亿ｔＣ,最后,文章据ＤＢＬ理论模型计算得出世界碳酸盐岩地区碳酸盐岩溶解吸收ＣＯ２一项产生的大气ＣＯ２沉降量为每年４．１亿ｔＣ,继而得出全世界碳酸直岩地区因碳酸盐丙沉积而释放ＣＯ２产生的大气ＣＯ２源项为每年３亿ｔＣ。 相似文献
7.
表层带岩溶作用：以土壤为媒介的地球表层生态系统过程：以桂林峰丛洼 … 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
作者基于在桂林丫吉村岩溶试验场的长期,系统观测及有关实验研究进展,从影响岩溶作用的土壤化学因素,土壤ＣＯ２及土壤有机碳行为等方面论证了土壤对于表层带岩溶作用的媒介及驱动意义,提出岩溶地球化学过程涉及到土壤中Ｃａ＾２＋的移出及交换释放,土壤ＣＯ２对系统空气ＣＯ２浓度及ＨＣＯ＾－３排释的控制,并指出土壤有机碳是岩溶作用碳的重要媒介。 相似文献
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岩溶系统中土壤氮肥施用对岩溶碳汇的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
有资料显示陆地碳酸盐岩风化消耗大气CO2的碳通量与世界森林碳汇通量量级相当。但农业地区过量施用氮肥形成的硝酸对碳酸盐岩的溶解会减弱岩溶碳汇效应,其量可达到7%~38%,而适量施用氮肥在增加农作物产量的同时,能降低土壤C/N比,增加土壤微生物活性,促进有机物料分解,从而提高土壤CO2浓度,提高土下碳酸盐岩的溶解速率。因此,要从两方面分析岩溶系统中土壤氮肥施用对岩溶碳汇效应的影响。同时,岩溶区碳酸盐岩风化形成的土壤具有较高的pH值及盐基饱和度,对H+有较强的缓冲作用,可能是导致自然条件下,河流中溶解无机碳(DIC)与水体中钙、镁等离子并不守恒的原因之一,因此,运用端元法可能过高估算了硝酸对碳酸盐岩的溶解量。岩溶区土壤环境中硝化作用产生的硝酸到底多少能对碳酸盐岩产生溶蚀,并影响到岩溶碳汇效应还有待研究。应结合土壤本身的特性及河流生物地球化学过程,综合研究不同施氮水平、土壤硝化产酸及其影响下的土下碳酸盐岩溶解及碳汇效应过程,客观评价岩溶区土壤氮肥施用对岩溶碳汇的影响,并寻求适宜氮肥施用量及促进岩溶碳循环,提高岩溶碳汇效应的技术方法。 相似文献
10.
碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀产生岩溶碳汇,占整个岩石风化碳汇的 94%。西南岩溶区硫酸型酸雨严重,硫酸型酸雨广泛参与碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。H2SO4参与的碳酸盐岩风化是一个大气CO2净释放过程,具有减汇作用巨大。另一方面,岩溶区石灰土壤和地下水具有较高的pH值及盐基饱和度,对H+有巨大的缓冲作用,大气酸沉降在碳酸盐岩地区可能并不会造成地下水的HCO3-和pH降低;相反,较高浓度的SO42-所产生的盐效应和SO2-4与各种阳离子形成的离子对会增大方解石、白云石溶解度,可增强H2CO3对碳酸盐的溶蚀,这可能会使岩溶作用产生更大的碳汇效应。因此,硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩风化的减汇效应不仅可能被高估,硫酸型酸雨还可能增强碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀,具有增加岩溶碳汇效应的作用。应结合石灰土壤对大气酸沉降的缓冲容量和阈值及大气酸沉降的H+与土壤中盐基离子的交换量,并综合考虑盐效应、离子对作用、同离子效应,客观评价硫酸型酸雨流经石灰土壤层后对碳酸盐岩溶蚀吸收大气/土壤CO2的影响 相似文献
11.
To accurately predict future CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which is crucial in predicting global climate change, the sources and sinks of the atmospheric
CO2 and their change over time must be determined. In this paper, some typical cases are examined using published and unpublished
data. Firstly, the sensitivity of carbonate rock weathering (including the effects by both dissolution and reprecipitation
of carbonate) to the change of soil CO2 and runoff will be discussed, and then the net amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere in the carbonate rock areas of mainland China and the world will be determined by the hydrochem-discharge
and carbonate-rock-tablet methods, to obtain an estimate of the contribution of carbonate rock weathering to the atmospheric
CO2 sink. These contributions are about 0.018 billion metric tons of carbon/a and 0.11 billion metric tons of carbon/a for China
and the world, respectively. Further, by the DBL (Diffusion Boundary Layer)-model calculation, the potential CO2 sink by carbonate rock dissolution is estimated to be 0.41 billion metric tons of carbon/a for the world. Therefore, the
potential CO2 source by carbonate reprecipitation is 0.3 billion metric tons of carbon/a.
Received: 12 May 1999 · Accepted: 16 August 1999 相似文献
12.
《China Geology》2018,1(1):17-27
On the basis of proposing the existence of a karst carbon cycle and carbon sink at a watershed scale, this paper provides four pieces of evidence for the integration of geology and ecology during the carbon cycle processes in the karst dynamic system, and estimated the karst carbon sink effect using the methods of comparative monitoring of paired watersheds and the carbon stable isotope tracer technique. The results of the soil carbon cycle in Maocun, Guilin, showed that the soil carbon cycle in the karst area, the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks under the soil, resulted in a lower soil respiration of 25% in the karst area than in a non-karst area (sandstone and shale), and the carbon isotope results indicated that 13.46% of the heavy carbon of the limestone is involved in the soil carbon cycle. The comparative monitoring results in paired watersheds, suggesting that the HCO3- concentration in a karst spring is 10 times that of a rivulet in a non-karst area, while the concentration of inorganic carbon flux is 23.8 times. With both chemical stoichiometry and carbon stable isotopes, the proportion of carbon in karst springs derived from carbonate rocks was found to be 58.52% and 37.65% respectively. The comparison on carbon exchange and isotopes at the water-gas interface between the granite and carbonate rock basins in the Li River showed that the CO2 emission of the karst water is 10.92 times that of the allogenic water from the non-karst area, while the carbon isotope of HCO3- in karst water is lighter by 8.62‰. However, this does not mean that the karst water body has a larger carbon source effect. On the contrary, it means the karst water body has a greater karst carbon sink effect. When the karst subterranean stream in Zhaidi, Guilin, is exposed at the surface, carbon-rich karst water stimulated the growth of aquatic plants. The values of carbon stable isotopes in the same species of submerged plants gradually becomes heavier and heavier, and the 512 m flow process has a maximum range of 15.46‰. The calculation results showed that 12.52% of inorganic carbon is converted into organic carbon. According to the data that has been published, the global karst carbon sink flux was estimated to be 0.53-0.58 PgC/a, equivalent to 31.18%-34.41% of the global forest carbon sink flux. In the meanwhile, the karst carbon sink flux in China was calculated to be 0.051 PgC/a, accounting for 68% of its forest carbon sink flux. 相似文献
13.
植被覆盖通过促进碳酸盐岩风化吸收大气CO2, 在实现碳中和中具有重要作用, 但不同植被类型的影响强度仍不清楚。为揭示半干旱区植被类型对碳酸盐岩风化的影响规律, 以一个典型岩溶小流域为研究区, 通过系统的植被调查和野外溶蚀试片试验, 详细对比了不同植物群系的碳酸盐岩溶蚀率及其影响因素, 并探讨了不同分类层次植被的溶蚀率的差异。结果表明, 半干旱岩溶区碳酸盐岩溶蚀率在植被型组层次为森林>草地>灌丛, 在演替的早期减弱、后期促进溶蚀; 群系层次的对比发现油松(Pinus tabuliformis)林内碳酸盐岩溶蚀率最高, 是其它群系的5倍至近30倍; 不同群系对溶蚀率的影响强度的大小得以明确; 溶蚀率与土壤CO2浓度(pCO2)、土壤温度和土壤含水量任何单一因素无相关性, 而与三者匹配性有较好的对应关系, 与湿润区明显不同; 植被演替通过增强对溶蚀环境因子匹配性的调控能力, 促进碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。半干旱区油松林显著促进碳酸盐岩溶蚀, 进行群系层次的广泛对比研究可以更好揭示植被类型与碳酸盐岩溶蚀之间的关系, 为提高岩溶生态系统恢复的碳汇量提供有效指导。 相似文献
14.
基于碳酸盐岩风化的碳源分析及土壤的影响作用机制 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在CO2-H2O-岩石系统中由于碳酸盐岩的可溶性,使其回收土壤/大气CO2的通量比硅酸盐岩更大。通过大陆河流湖泊HCO3-来源和海洋碳来源两种计算方式得出,碳酸盐岩溶解回收大气CO2的量是其它岩类的3倍以上。与同纬度地带性土壤相比,岩溶地区土壤通过促进土下碳酸盐岩的溶解与固碳作用对大气CO2产生更为强烈的汇效应:土壤的覆盖使土下碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率平均提高4.35倍,从而加快了对土壤/大气CO2的回收速率;富钙的土壤地球化学背景使石灰土富含胡敏酸钙,胡敏酸在土壤中的存留时间长达780~3 000年,是其它类型土壤有机质如富里酸的4~5倍,稳定的胡敏酸钙使土壤有机碳稳定性增加、周转周期延长而得以累积,固碳作用将减少土壤CO2向大气的排放。石灰土的平均有机质含量比同纬度红壤、黄壤分别提高了44%、33%,固碳作用十分明显。 相似文献
15.
Zou Lin Dong Lin Ning Meng Huang Kangjun Peng Yongbo Qin Shujian Yuan Honglin Shen Bing 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(4):481-496
The continent is the second largest carbon sink on Earth’s surface. With the diversification of vascular land plants in the late Paleozoic, terrestrial organic carbon burial is represented by massive coal formation, while the development of soil profiles would account for both organic and inorganic carbon burial. As compared with soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon burial, collectively known as the soil carbonate, would have a greater impact on the long-term carbon cycle. Soil carbonate would have multiple carbon sources, including dissolution of host calcareous rocks, dissolved inorganic carbon from freshwater, and oxidation of organic matter, but the host calcareous rock dissolution would not cause atmospheric CO2 drawdown. Thus, to evaluate the potential effect of soil carbonate formation on the atmospheric pCO2 level, different carbon sources of soil carbonate should be quantitatively differentiated. In this study, we analyzed the carbon and magnesium isotopes of pedogenic calcite veins developed in a heavily weathered outcrop, consisting of limestone of the early Paleogene Guanzhuang Group in North China. Based on the C and Mg isotope data, we developed a numerical model to quantify the carbon source of calcite veins. The modeling results indicate that 4–37 wt% of carbon in these calcite veins was derived from atmospheric CO2. The low contribution from atmospheric CO2 might be attributed to the host limestone that might have diluted the atmospheric CO2 sink. Nevertheless, taking this value into consideration, it is estimated that soil carbonate formation would lower 1 ppm atmospheric CO2 within 2000 years, i.e., soil carbonate alone would sequester all atmospheric CO2 within 1 million years. Finally, our study suggests the C–Mg isotope system might be a better tool in quantifying the carbon source of soil carbonate.
相似文献16.
Impact of animal manure addition on the weathering of agricultural lime in acidic soils: The agent of carbonate weathering 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fertilization and aglime (agricultural lime) application, as important agricultural activities in acid soil, exert an influence on the fluxes of carbon both between and within ecosystems. Animal manure added to soil can elevate the soil CO2 and release organic acid due to microbial decomposition of the high organic matter content of animal manure. Additionally, the elevated CO2 can accelerate carbonate weathering in alkaline soil, such as lime soil. However, in acidic soil, it is unclear whether the chemical weathering of additive aglime can be quickened by the elevated CO2 due to animal manure addition. Thus, to ascertain the impact of animal manure addition on aglime weathering in acidic soil and to understand the weathering agent of aglime or underlying carbonate in the acidic soil profile, we established two contrasting profiles (control profile and manurial profile) in a cabbage-corn or capsicum-corn rotation in a field experiment site located in the HuaXi district of Guiyang, China, and buried carbonate rock tablets at different depths of soil profiles to calculate the dissolution rate of carbonate rock by monitoring the weights of the tablets. The results indicated that soil CO2 increased due to animal manure addition, but the rate of dissolution of the carbonate rock tablets was reduced, which was attributed to the increase in the pH in acidic soil after animal manure addition because the relationship between the dissolution rate of carbonate rock and soil pH indicated that the weathering rate of carbonate rock was controlled by pH and not by CO2 in acidic soil. Thus, the contribution of H+ ions (mainly exchangeable acid) in acid soil as a weathering agent to the weathering of underlying carbonate (and/or aglime) may lead to the overestimation of the CO2 consumption through chemical weathering at the regional/global scale using hydro-chemical methods. 相似文献