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地质断层三维构模技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对包含断层的复杂地质体三维构模技术展开讨论并提出相应的解决方案.分析了实际勘察所获取的断层数据类型,设计了标准的断层数据库格式;系统地评价了两类基本的断层构模方法(即基于地层恢复的断层构模技术和基于分区插值的断层构模技术),分析了各自的特点和不足,在此基础上提出了断层与地层的统一构模技术;该技术既能应用于同沉积断层,又能适应断层终止于地层内部的情况,还能处理具有多值面的逆断层构造的拟合问题,在理论上能够构造任意复杂的断层系统.通过北京奥运公园场址的断层构模实例验证了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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大尺度断层往往控制了沉积盆地的形成和油气成藏，而小尺度断层则影响着注水开发效果和剩余油分布。大尺度断层可以通过二维或三维地震资料识别，而小尺度断层的识别则特别困难。本文提出了一种基于断层分形生长模式和三维地质力学模拟相结合来确定小尺度断层的数量、发育位置和方位的方法，并根据油田开发动态资料来确定小尺度断层对注水开发和剩余油分布的影响。将地震上识别的大尺度断层引入到三维数值力学模型中，模拟大尺度断层形成时期断裂带附近的应力扰动作用，然后结合破裂准则来建立最易发生破裂的方位和最大库伦剪切应力网格，以这两套网格和断层尺度的幂律分布确定的小尺度断层数量为约束条件来确定随机模型，对小尺度断层的密度、产状和发育位置进行定量预测。研究表明：利用分形理论和三维地质力学模拟可以对大尺度断层伴生小尺度断层进行有效预测；小尺度断层对注水开发效果和剩余油分布的影响取决于小尺度断层的规模（断距）以及小尺度断层方位和注采方向的关系。 相似文献
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以松辽盆地升平地区作为目标区,优选出Petrel软件。首先利用构造层面及断层数据建立了构造模型和断层模型,然后通过确定性建模和随机建模结合的方法,同时结合断层和构造模型建立了该区火山岩相三维地质模型,在三维空间上详细刻画了典型火山岩体的岩相特征和在三度空间的变化规律,实现了对营城组升平地区复杂构造目标区火山岩储层的三维可视化动态表述和展示。通过三维构造模型可以看出,工区西北部及南部缺失营城组地层,其内部发育由两个构造高点所构成的穹窿构造,该构造以-2810 m等深线圈闭,构造面积32.45 km2,构造高点海拔为-2660.5 m,构造幅度150.5 m,断层多为南北向展布,长度一般为2~5 km,断距一般为8~30 m。 相似文献
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Stresses in a block around a dipping fracture simulating a damage zone of a fault are reconstructed by finite-element modeling. A fracture corresponding to a fault of different lengths, with its plane dipping at different angles, is assumed to follow a lithological interface and to experience either compression or shear. The stress associated with the destruction shows an asymmetrical pattern with different distances from the highest stress sites to the fault plane in the hanging and foot walls. As the dip angle decreases,the high-stress zone becomes wider in the hanging wall but its width changes negligibly in the foot wall.The length of the simulated fault and the deformation type affect only the magnitude of maximum stress,which remains asymmetrical relative to the fault plane. The Lh/Lfratio, where Lhand Lfare the widths of high-stress zones in the hanging and foot walls of the fault, respectively, is inversely proportional to the fault plane dip. The arithmetic mean of this ratio over different fault lengths in fractures subject to compression changes from 0.29 at a dip of 80°to 1.67 at 30°. In the case of shift displacement, ratios are increasing to 1.2 and 2.94, respectively.Usually they consider vertical fault planes and symmetry in a damage zone of faults. Following that assumption may cause errors in reconstructions of stress and fault patterns in areas of complex structural setting. According geological data, we know the structures are different and asymmetric in hanging and foot walls of fault. Thus, it is important to quantify zones of that asymmetry. The modeling results have to be taken into account in studies of natural faults, especially for practical applications in seismic risk mapping, engineering geology, hydrogeology, and tectonics. 相似文献
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构造演化研究目前正在由二维向三维过渡。三维构造演化研究作为本领域的技术前沿与发展趋势,在适用性、精确度、可视性及应用等方面都有着巨大优势。本文阐述了三维构造演化研究的发展历程、研究现状和应用前景,从三维构造建模和三维构造恢复两方面对研究现状进行重点介绍。三维构造演化研究将几何学与地质力学结合起来,使地质模型非常接近真实的地质体,构造恢复的准确性也大大提高。该方法在油气勘探方面已经取得了可喜的成果,但同时也存在着一系列亟需解决的问题。三维构造演化的研究难以在大范围区域内展开、对多条不同倾向断层的恢复会导致模型发生位移以及消除复杂断层的断距时会使断块发生水平旋转。 相似文献
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In many extensional provinces, large normal faults dip in the same direction forming fault domains. Features variously named transfer faults, transfer zones, and accommodation zones (hereafter non-genetically referred to as fault-domain boundaries) separate adjacent fault domains. Experimental modeling of distributed extension provides insights on the origin, geometry, and evolution of these fault domains and fault-domain boundaries. In our scaled models, a homogeneous layer of wet clay or dry sand overlies a latex sheet that is stretched orthogonally or obliquely between two rigid sheets. Fault domains and fault-domain boundaries develop in all models in both map view and cross-section. The number, size, and arrangement of fault domains as well as the number and orientation of fault-domain boundaries are variable, even for models with identical boundary conditions. The fault-domain boundaries in our models differ profoundly from those in many published conceptual models of transfer/accommodation zones. In our models, fault-domain boundaries are broad zones of deformation (not discrete strike-slip or oblique-slip faults), their orientations are not systematically related to the extension direction, and they can form spontaneously without any prescribed pre-existing zones of weakness. We propose that fault domains develop because early-formed faults perturb the stress field, causing new nearby faults to dip in the same direction (self-organized growth). As extension continues, faults from adjacent fault domains propagate toward each another. Because opposite-dipping faults interfere with one another in the zone of overlap, the faults stop propagating. In this case, the geometry of the domain boundaries depends on the spatial arrangement of the earliest formed faults, a result of the random distribution of the largest flaws at which the faults nucleate. 相似文献
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Method for Stochastic Inverse Modeling of Fault Geometry and Connectivity Using Flow Data 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper focuses on fault-related uncertainties in the subsurface, which can significantly affect the numerical simulation
of physical processes. Our goal is to use dynamic data and process-based simulation to update structural uncertainty in a
Bayesian inverse approach. We propose a stochastic fault model where the number and features of faults are made variable.
In particular, this model samples uncertainties about connectivity between the faults. The stochastic three dimensional fault
model is integrated within a stochastic inversion scheme in order to reduce uncertainties about fault characteristics and
fault zone layout, by minimizing the mismatch between observed and simulated data. 相似文献
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针对地质环境中不同断层构造出现交叉、削截等现象而构成的复杂断层网络，本文基于隐函数曲面重建提出了一种三维断层网络隐式建模方法。该方法首先以径向基隐函数曲面重建理论为基础，基于地质剖面图中断层轮廓线数据以及断层产状信息隐式构建三维断层面模型；然后使用二叉树结构描述不同断层间的空间拓扑关系构建断层网络模型；最后，考虑断层建模中产状信息估计的不确定性，定义了断层面法向量概率分布模型，采用信息熵指标定量评价断层模型质量。以贵州水银洞金矿床为实例矿床，选定包含多条断层的区域作为试验区，采用该方法构建了实例三维断层网络模型，结果表明，基于隐函数曲面的三维断层网络建模方法能快速构建区域内多条断层的三维断层网络模型和拓扑结构，有助于复杂断层网络快速建模和三维形态分析，为断层构造定量研究提供基础。 相似文献
10.
辽东湾坳陷是渤海湾盆地的重要组成部分,其发育受营口—潍坊断裂带控制。其东支的两条分支断层大体沿其次级构造单元辽东湾东部凸起的两侧延伸。本文应用大量地震测线的构造几何学特征分析,结合构造物理模拟试验,认为辽东湾坳陷东部凸起是在先期存在的低凸起的基础上,在渐新世东营组沉积期因营口—潍坊断裂带的右行走滑形成的。以Lz205测线和Lz185测线之间为界可分为类似的两段,各自经历了一个自南而北的右旋走滑伸展—剪切走滑—右旋走滑挤压的变化过程。这种变化由北东向的基底断裂与由之派生的新生代内的北北东内断裂间的关系造成,在两者的交汇点(如Lz151)或走向发生转折处(如Lz255)右旋走滑作用发生变换,其南侧拉张下沉,正断层发育,表现为右旋走滑伸展,北侧则挤压隆升,表现为右旋走滑挤压。南、北两侧相反的力学性质是走滑活动派生的局部差异应力场造成的。构造物理模拟试验证实了右旋走滑伸展—剪切走滑—右旋走滑挤压的变化过程。 相似文献