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1.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2013,(6)
玛珥湖特有的沉积环境为发育和保存长时间尺度、高分辨率气候和环境记录提供了理想场所,其沉积物为过去全球变化研究提供了理想的研究材料。国际玛珥湖沉积与环境研究的进展在解决一些重要的古气候问题方面显示出了巨大的潜力。近年来,我国也在玛珥湖纹层和沉积物的多学科、多指标综合研究方面取得了有意义的成果。本文就玛珥湖在纹层年代学、火山灰年代学、磁性地层学方面的研究以及古气候、古环境重建方面取得的研究成果做简要的介绍。 相似文献
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玛珥湖的形成机制和特点不同于一般的火山口湖,其特有的沉积环境是发育和保存高分辨率气候记录的理想场所。近年来国外的玛珥湖研究在解决一些重要的古气候问题方面显示出巨大潜力。中国玛河湖分布广泛,中国科学院地质研究所最近对湖光岩玛珥湖的研究已经获得了初步成果。加强中国玛珥湖的研究,从不同地区玛珥湖的沉积物中获取高分辨率的气候变化信息,无论是对于研究东亚地区长期气候环境变迁历史,还是短期的人类活动与环境演变的关系,必将会取得非常有意义的成果。 相似文献
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中国玛珥湖及其研究意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
随着全球变化研究的深入,科学家们认识到古气候变化除轨道尺度的冰期/间冰期旋回之外还存在年代际-千年尺度的高频变化和突变事件。要认知这些变化,古气候记录的时间分辨率要达到"年-年代际"。因此,寻求时间跨度长、连续性好、信息丰富的高分辨率记录是过去全球变化研究面临的主要任务之一。玛珥湖为火山射汽喷发形成的封闭湖泊,由于其独特的形成机制及水文背景,使其能够提供数万年乃至几十万年连续稳定的沉积记录,是高分辨率古气候、古环境变化研究的重要对象。中国玛珥湖得天独厚,从热带到寒温带均有分布,为系统研究中国不同气候区各种时间尺度古气候变化规律提供了理想材料。本文基于中国玛珥湖的分布及沉积特征,探讨玛珥湖沉积记录能够为古全球变化研究做出怎样的贡献,解决什么科学问题,具体包括以下三个方面的内容:(1)在轨道尺度上,精确定位现代气候在地质历史中的位置是未来最具挑战性的科学问题之一。我国热带地区玛珥湖沉积物跨越了至少4个冰期-间冰期旋回,能够为理解冰期驱动机制、下一次冰期来临、高低纬关联等关键科学问题提供多学科数据;(2)千年尺度古气候变化,其成因可能源于不同的动力学机制,是气候系统对各种外部和内部驱动因子响应的结果,因此千年震荡可能存在明显的时空差异。集成不同气候带的玛珥湖沉积记录将为理解千年震荡规律及其驱动因子做出贡献;(3)年-年代际气候变化是预测未来气候变化的基础,PAGES、IPCC以及PAGES-Asia 2K均将过去2千年来气候变化作为预测未来几十年至百年尺度上重大全球变化的背景,并为此构建全球数据体系,玛珥湖沉积特别是纹层沉积记录能够填补某些地区高分辨率数据的空白。 相似文献
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32kaB.P.以来东北二龙湾玛珥湖沉积序列的粒度特征及其古环境意义 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
玛珥湖沉积物是古气候环境变化记录的优良载体[1]。近年来,我国玛珥湖沉积序列的高分辨率古气候记录研究取得了重要进展[2～6]。东北玛珥湖沉积序列的多指标高分辨率古气候研究,揭示了末次盛冰期以来东亚季风区北缘气候变化与全球性气候事件包括短期气候事件有良好的对应关系[4,7]。本文对东北二龙湾玛珥湖沉积序列进行了系统的粒度分析,阐明32kaB.P.以来的粒度组成及其变化的基本特征,在此基础上初步探讨该沉积剖面粒度变化的古环境意义。二龙湾玛珥湖（42°18.1′N,126°21.4′E）位于吉林省辉南县境内,据四海龙湾玛珥湖约30km,海拔高度724m,湖区周围分布着茂密的森林植被。 相似文献
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玛珥湖与纹泥年代学 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
火山活动是影响全球变化的重要因素之一，玛珥湖和纹泥年代学是近年来古气候研究的新领域。玛珥湖由于其独特的封闭性及其物化条件，使之成为古环境变迁信息的理想载体。纹泥年代学是高分辨率研究过去全球变化的重要手段。玛珥湖的现存状态可以分为空型、湖型、沼泽型和干枯型。纹泥是某些玛珥湖中比较常见的一种沉积构造，它的形成需要一种精细的平衡。硅藻作为纹泥的一个重要组成部分，对光量、温度和各种无机盐反应敏锐，具有重要的古环境意义。能否制作完好的沉积物薄片是纹泥年代学成功与否的关键，本文对纹泥年代学的具体操作方法做了扼要介绍。中国有广泛的火山分布，其中不乏玛洱湖的存在，对之进行详细研究，不仅可以获得可与黄土、冰芯和深海岩芯相媲美的古气候序列，而且可以解决古气候学中某些难题。 相似文献
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中国玛珥湖的时空分布与地质特征 总被引：34，自引：6，他引：28
自新生代以来 ,在亚洲东部大陆边缘的裂谷系和青藏高原内部及周边地区 ,火山活动频繁发生 ,形成大量火山和火山岩 ,在一些火山区还发育有大小不等、形态不一的玛珥湖 ,其中有的积水 ,有的干枯 ,它们集中分布于雷琼、东北、青藏高原等地区 ,跨越了热带、亚热带、温带和高寒地带。从中新世的山东山旺盆地 ,早更新世东北龙岗地区的龙湾 ,到雷琼地区中晚更新世的田洋、湖光岩等 ,几乎各个时代、各种类型的玛珥和玛珥湖都有 ,玛珥湖中的沉积物从几十米到一二百米厚度不等 ,记录了不同地区、不同时段气候环境演变的历史 ,对全球变化研究有着重要意义。 相似文献
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湛江田洋玛珥湖的形成与演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
运用新一代高精度，无扰动钻探技术，从田洋玛珥湖成功地获取了222.4m结构连续完整的第四纪湖相沉物样品，在古气候，古环境变化方面作了一定研究。根据众多钻孔揭示和火山岩石年代学与地层接触关系的研究，田洋玛珥湖是在两期火山活动后形成的。早期火山发生在早更新世（2.30-1.64Ma)，生成湛江期火山岩，前后4次喷发，并形成一个深凹的火山口积水坑，晚期火山发生中更新世（0.73-0.20Ma)，生成石峁岭火山岩，由于高温（1000℃以上）岩浆，热液，蒸气与原火山口积水的机械混合而发生剧烈爆炸，形成一个典型的玛珥湖，并经历空湖－深湖－半深湖－浅湖－沼泽5个演化阶段，以其独特的封闭性与特殊的物化条件，成为研究全球变化的重要场所。 相似文献
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田洋玛珥湖是雷州半岛东南部的一个洼地状旱玛珥湖,其连续、高分辨率的湖泊沉积物记录对于热带地区的古气候、古环境研究具有重要意义。1980年在湖盆中心钻取了长为224.82m(TY1孔)和22980m(TY2孔)的两个平行长钻,两孔相距约2m。除了最上部38m以内的冲-洪积沉积物及中部湖相沉积物外,222.4m(TY1)和224.4m(TY2)往下完全是湖盆基底玄武岩。因此,基底玄武岩的年龄就代表着火山喷发并随后开始形成田洋湖泊的极限年龄。 相似文献
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Sedimentological proof and dating of the Early Holocene volcanic eruption of Ulmener Maar (Vulkaneifel,Germany) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
B. Zolitschka J. F. W. Negendank B. G. Lottermoser 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(1):213-219
A minerogeniclayer occurs in early postglacial organic sediments from five maar lakes (West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany). The mineralogy and stratigraphic position of this tephra suggests that it is related to the youngest German volcano, Ulmener Maar, nearby. Radiocarbon dating of wood from the base of the Ulmener Maar Tephra at two locations provide ages in agreement with an accelerator mass spectrometer 14C date for the minerogenic layer from sediments of Lake Holzmaar situated 13 km south-west of Ulmener Maar. The mean radiocarbon age is 9 560 years BP. Dating by varve chronology provides an age of 10017 years VT (varve time in years before 1950) or 10 895 years corrected VT. Based on palynology the Ulmener Maar Tephra was deposited at the end of the Preboreal. High values of natural remnant magnetization intensity, typical of pyroclastic material, confirm that this minerogenic layer differs in composition from other clastic deposits of the sedimentary record. Geochemical analyses reveal increased values of total trace elements for the Laacher See Tephra and Ulmener Maar Tephra. An isopach map based on thickness variations of the Ulmener Maar Tephra at five investigated maar lakes indicates that the tephra was mainly transported to the south west. 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物年纹层的研究方法及其意义 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
文章总结了前人对湖泊沉积物年纹层类型的划分,并根据年纹层的形成过程和组分特征分为3个大类,即碎屑年纹层、生物成因年纹层(如硅藻年纹层等)和化学成因年纹层(如方解石年纹层、菱铁矿年纹层、黄铁矿年纹层、蒸发盐年纹层等)。介绍了目前应用于湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的主要方法和技术包括:1)新鲜沉积物表面照相、X射线照相技术;2)光学显微镜观察;3)数字化图像分析;4)扫描电子显微镜技术等。而岩相学大薄片是目前年纹层研究工作中应用非常广泛的材料,对目前制作大薄片比较普遍采用的快速冷冻-冷冻干燥和水-丙酮-环氧树脂交换这两种方法进行了介绍并比较了各自的优劣。湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的古环境意义主要体现在两个方面,一是提供了高精度的纹层年代学时间标尺,在诸如气候突变事件的时限、大气14C浓度变化、火山灰层定年、古地磁场长期变化主曲线重建等方面有重要意义;二是年纹层性质研究如年纹层厚度和年纹层微相变化本身所蕴藏的高分辨率古气候环境变化信息,在太阳活动周期、ENSO等气候事件的研究中也有重要意义。最后,文章简单介绍了我国东北龙岗火山区四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物中年纹层的特征并展望了其研究潜力。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Maar craters often contain exceptionally preserved fossils and maar sediments may reflect detailed environmental changes. Volcanosedimentary processes in a Middle Eocene maar crater lake are illustrated by the deposits of Eckfeld Maar in the Tertiary Hocheifel Volcanic Field (Rhenish Massif, Germany). The maar origin of the basin is evident from a circular negative gravity anomaly which indicates a low-density funnel-shaped basin filling. From the facies analysis of an Eocene (Eckfeld) and a Pleistocene (Döttingen) maar we develop a lithozone classification for the interpretation of maar sediments: syn-/post-eruptive breccias are followed by a fining-upwards sequence of lacustrine mud with coarse layers and final swamp deposits. From the facies analysis and regional geological data we reconstruct the pre- to post-eruptive history of a maar crater prior to post-Eocene uplift. These observations can be used for the interpretation of Tertiary and Quaternary maar craters that are ideal fossil and sediment traps. 相似文献
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ACHIM BRAUER THOMAS LITT JÖRG F. W. NEGENDANK BERND ZOLITSCHKA 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2001,30(1):83-88
In this paper we briefly compare previously published data on four lateglacial sediment profiles from lakes Holzmaar and Meerfelder Maar in the Eifel region. Two of these profiles (one from each lake) are varvedated, whereas the other two pollen profiles are on depth scales. In general, the palynological signal in all profiles compares well, proving the regional validity of the individual data sets. There are some discrepancies between Holzmaar and Meerfelder Maar, however, mainly concerning varve dating of major lateglacial features, and these are explained after detailed correlation using a combination of varve dating and palynological signals. The result is a consistent varve-dated biostratigraphy for the Lateglacial in the Eifel region. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a combination of varve chronology and high resolution palynostratigraphy in several lake profiles enables even gaps of a few decades up to a few centuries to be detected, thus providing a valuable tool for precise regional palaeoenvironmental study. This multi-core study on two lakes from the same region demonstrates the likelihood of undetected errors in single-core studies on non-varved sediments. 相似文献
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THOMAS LITT CHRISTIAN SCHÖLZEL NORBERT KÜHL ACHIM BRAUER 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(4):679-690
Lakes Holzmaar and Meerfelder Maar are located in the Westeifel Volcanic Field less than 10 km apart. Both maar lakes are well known for their annually laminated (varved) sediments covering the past 15 000 years. Here, we focus on reconstructing the history of Holocene vegetation, human impact and climate using high-resolution pollen data. Detailed correlation between the two records using palynologically defined tie-points provides for the first time a test of the precision of the individual varve chronologies. The high-resolution pollen records of both Holzmaar and Meerfelder Maar show continuous natural successions of vegetation during the early and mid-Holocene controlled by the development of soil, climate, immigration and competitive expansion of thermophilous tree species. From 6500 varve yr BP onwards, human impact became an increasingly more important factor. Given the high chronological precision of both records, regional similarities, but also local differences of anthropogenically influenced vegetation changes, can be recognized. The reconstructed July temperature between 8500 and 5000 varve yr BP is around 1 °C higher than today, most likely in response to higher summer insolation related to orbital forcing. High variability of reconstructed July and January temperatures as well as annual precipitation around 5000 varve yr BP is a prominent climatic signal. This is consistent with other records in several areas of Europe which also identify this period as climatically highly variable. 相似文献
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SUZANNE ALICE G. LEROY BERND ZOLITSCHKA JÖRG F. W. NEGENDANK GUY SERET 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2000,29(1):52-71
The laminated sediment of Lake Holzmaar (Germany) has provided a continuous varve chronology for the last 3500 varve years (vy) and beyond that a floating varve chronology back to more than 22500 vy BP. This chronology in calendar years, in combination with palynology, enables us to determine the timing and the magnitude of Lateglacial and Early Holocene environmental changes on land (from 13838 to 10930 vy BP). The palynological diagram has a mean time resolution of 27 vy between samples. This paper establishes for the first time the biozonation for Lake Holzmaar below the Laacher See Tephra. Fifteen pollen subzones grouped in four biozones are defined by cluster analysis. After a period disturbed by microturbidites, only a part of the Bølling is present. Three cold periods have been evidenced by pollen analyses: the Older Dryas (96-vy-long), the Younger Dryas (654-vy-long) and the Rammelbeek phase (237-vy-long). The Allerød (883-vy-long) is bipartite with a first Betula -dominated period followed by a Pinus -dominated one. The Younger Dryas is also bipartite, with first a decrease of winter temperatures along with a change to a more continental climate. It is followed by a drier phase with a second decrease in temperatures, probably this time also affecting summer temperatures. The Preboreal is 702-yr-long. The duration of most phases corresponds to published records, except for that of the Younger Dryas. Cluster and rate-of-change analyses indicate a sharp change in the terrestrial vegetation assemblages that may be caused by a sedimentary hiatus of erosive origin during this cold and dry period. As a result, the chronology of Holzmaar has to be revised most likely below the middle of the Younger Dryas. Comparison with the varve record of Meerfelder Maar, a neighbour maar lake, suggests adding 320 vy below 12025 vy. 相似文献