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1.
针对中国北方海湾水库间歇来水、连续取水和沉积物动态释盐的特点，建立水量与盐分耦合的数学模型，以青岛拟建的沐官岛水库为例，探讨水位变化条件下混合型海湾水库库水盐分的影响因素、超标风险与达标条件。模拟结果表明，在水库水位连续降低条件下，毫米量级的日蒸发量对库水盐分的累积效应显著。在不利水文条件下，受沉积物释盐、水分蒸发与人工取水的影响，混合型海湾水库长期存在盐分超标的风险。与水位不变时相反，水位降低时库水盐分浓度随着取水量的增大而升高；因此，当库水盐分存在超标风险时，可以通过减少日取水量实现库水盐分达标。为保障安全供水，在海湾水库设计与运营管理阶段，均需要综合考虑水量-盐分因素进行水库的日取水量调算。 相似文献
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在分析农田暗管排水饱和-非饱和土壤水、盐运移数学模型的基础上,对DRAINMOD-S模型的基本原理和参数输入要求进行了详细描述,利用典型滨海盐碱地区实测土壤、气象、作物等资料,用DRAINMOD模型对不同排水暗管布置方案的地下水埋深进行了长序列模拟,在模拟率定参数的基础上,用DRAINMOD-S模型对0~80 cm土壤层剖面含盐量进行了模拟,结果表明:模型具有良好的水文模拟性能,地下水位及土壤含盐量模拟值与实测值拟合精度较高;可用于预测盐碱地地下水埋深、土壤层剖面中盐分含量,是改良盐碱地农田暗管排水工程设计和水管理的有效工具。 相似文献
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20世纪80年代零通量面方法在我国应用中解决了"四水"转化研究中参数不确定性带来的问题,发现在降水入渗补给地下水过程中土壤总水势梯度大于1.0cm H2O/cm,且逐渐降低,流入、流出被监测土层的水量相等时土壤总水势梯度趋近于1.0cm H2O/cm。20世纪90年代,利用土壤水势与含水量之间量化关系,指导了农业节水灌溉,提出在灌溉过程中土壤水势梯度等于1.0cm H2O/cm的时间持续愈长,表明过剩灌溉而浪费的水量愈多的认识。进入21世纪以来,水势理论较广泛地用来解决土壤水盐分运移数值模拟与入渗模型中水文地质参数问题和降水入渗土壤水势运移微观机理研究,并发现表聚型、中聚型和底聚型土壤盐分剖面的水动力学特征。通过土壤水动力场调控改变土壤水盐(养分或污染物)运移是未来重要研究方向。 相似文献
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。土壤盐分传感器一室内水盐动态模拟±柱, 传感器(土柱左侧),张力 计(土柱右侧),红外灯 (土柱顶部)t 正在施工的田间水盐动态观测场t±壤盐分传感髂及配套测试仪器t 在田间开挖土壤剖面安装 盐分传感嚣个 传感器和张力计在田间定位观测点的布置,在田问水盐动态观测筒上安装张力计室内外土壤水盐动态测试@肖振华$中科院南京土壤研究所
@崔荣浩$中科院南京土壤研究所~~ 相似文献
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吉林西部盐碱水田区冻融期土壤水盐运移特征及酶活性变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
云 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,(2):636-644
为研究冻融作用下水田0~50cm土层水、盐、pH、脲酶活性变化规律及其相关关系,采集吉林西部盐碱土区大安市水田土壤,选取冻结12h、融化12h为一个循环,开展室内模拟试验,模拟昼夜反复冻融条件下土壤水盐运移和酶活性的动态变化,分别用质量法、残渣烘干法、电位法、靛酚蓝比色法测定各层土壤含水率、含盐量、pH和脲酶活性,分析其在不同冻融条件下的变化规律和相关性。研究表明,土壤深度是影响含水率、含盐量、pH、脲酶活性的主要因素之一:20~50cm土层的水分和盐分不断向上层运移,使表层含盐量和pH升高,且水、盐之间具有显著的相关性,说明水分运移在一定程度上决定了盐分的运移;除10~20cm土层脲酶活性略有升高外,其他各层脲酶活性出现不同程度的降低。冻融过程中含水率、含盐量、pH均与脲酶活性呈现显著的相关性,脲酶活性是冻融次数、温度、含盐量、pH、有机质等多种因素共同作用的结果。因此,冻融作用在引起或加重水田表层土壤盐碱化方面起到至关重要的作用,冻融作用降低了土壤脲酶的活性,进而会影响土壤的肥力。 相似文献
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冻融期土壤水盐变化特征分析——以黑河上游祁连县阿柔草场为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
冻融作用是土地盐碱化的形成机制之一,对冻融区春季积盐有明显的控制作用.在冻融过程中,土壤剖面结构发生变异,形成冻结层、似冻结层和非冻结层.以祁连山黑河上游阿柔草场为例,研究了解冻期土壤水盐运移变化特征.阿柔草场隶属青海祁连山地区,地处西北高寒地区,为季节性冻土区,大面积土壤经历冬冻春融的冻融循环.这种循环引起了土壤中水分和盐分运移的特殊规律,即冻结时土壤中的水分和盐分向冻层迁移,使得冻层的土壤含盐量明显增加;而融化时,由于地表蒸发,土壤中的水分和盐分又向地表强烈迁移,从而造成盐分在地表积聚,诱发盐分两次抬升. 相似文献
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感潮河网水流不仅受径流、潮汐动力的双重影响,还常受水闸调度等人类活动的影响,水动力条件极为复杂。针对水闸调度影响下感潮河网复杂水动力及其伴随物质输移扩散模拟,提出了考虑水闸调度并集成输运对流项的水流-输运通量耦合求解器,建立了基于非结构网格Godunov格式的二维水流-输运耦合数学模型。采用具有时空二阶精度的MUSCL-Hancock预测-校正格式,结合变量重构限制器技术,在保证计算精度的同时避免了数值振荡。运用斜底三角单元网格表达水闸线状地形,并通过地形调整模拟了水闸启闭过程。算例研究表明,该模型计算精度高,可有效模拟水闸调度影响下感潮河网水流运动及污染物输运过程,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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旱—半干旱高寒地区土壤盐渍化，对区域农牧业发展及地质环境造成较大的影响。本文在西藏扎西康矿集区环境地质调查的基础上，通过对宿麦朗沟盐渍化3处土壤剖面系统采样分析，查明土壤盐分的空间分布及盐渍化成因。结果表明：相同层位土壤电导率与水溶性盐分总量之间呈正相关关系，0~80cm之间，土壤中盐分离子含量变化较大；80cm之下，土壤盐分含量趋于稳定；因子分析进一步揭示，研究区土壤盐分主要由氯离子、钠离子组成，两者之间相关性较强（R2=0.9592）；维美组地层以高硅、高钠为特征，三角洲及河流相的沉积环境及地下水活动等共同造成该区域土壤盐渍化。在此基础上，针对性地提出了降低地下水位、定期人工喷淋洗盐及施入有机肥料等方法是干旱区土壤盐渍化防治的有利措施。 相似文献
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Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. Matsumoto 《Cretaceous Research》1980,1(4):359-373
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous. 相似文献
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The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism. 相似文献
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K.Naganjaneyulu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(1):1-2
正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style 相似文献
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Daniel Harlov 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(5):621-625
正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,(1):139-141
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new 相似文献
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正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and 相似文献
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正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment 相似文献
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正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and 相似文献
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正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important 相似文献
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In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become ＂stay mine＂. Features of refi＇actory gold ores are： gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid （alkali） oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc. 相似文献