共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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煤矿开采势必破坏天然水化学环境,然而矿区多类含水层地下水系统水化学研究尚未从时空角度分析采动影响下水化学演化的本质。以临涣矿区为研究示范,基于历年常规水化学数据开展主成分分析,揭示采动影响下水化学演化过程中的水-岩作用机制。其中,第1主成分代表碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解及黄铁矿氧化作用,第2主成分代表阳离子交替吸附及脱硫酸作用。采动影响下矿区主要突水含水层地下水碳酸盐、硫酸盐溶解及黄铁矿氧化作用均逐渐减弱,减弱区域不尽相同;然而,阳离子交替吸附及脱硫酸作用的变化规律不明显。研究成果为矿井突水水源识别和水资源保护与利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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利用NetpathXL 2．14对皖北矿区典型煤矿（朔里矿、张庄矿、杨庄矿和刘二矿）太灰水的地球化学特征进行了模拟。并结合与区域构造有关的地貌特征和水文地质条件对该区深层地下水径流规律、控制因素、地下水子系统划分及煤矿开采过程对深层地下水的影响进行了讨论。模拟结果表明：皖北矿区太灰水径流受不同的地下水子系统控制．其中朔里矿-张庄矿-杨庄矿与刘二矿处于不同的水文地质单元．朔里矿-张庄矿-杨庄矿太灰水径流主要与区内北高南低的地形有关自北东向南西流动的;朔里矿-张庄矿段太灰水的补给和排泄可能受到了矿井人工排泄的影响,但太灰水主体径流方向并未明显改变;对张庄矿-杨庄矿段而言,需要着重考虑区内太灰水的补给和排泄情况。以防止相关突水事故的发生。 相似文献
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矿井突水严重威胁矿区安全生产,快速准确地判别突水水源,对有效防治矿井突水灾害有重大意义。根据鹤壁矿区6个主要含水层水化学成分的差异性,选取了Ca2+、Mg2+、Na++K+、CO2-3、HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-47个指标作为突水水源判别的评价因子,并选用鹤壁矿区294个水样作为学习样本,以Matlab为平台,先采用主成分分析法提炼出三个主成分Z1、Z2和Z3。然后把这3种主成分的值作为贝叶斯判别指标,建立了鹤壁矿区突水水源判别模型。利用该模型对鹤壁矿区随机选取22个突水水样进行水源判别,判别正确19个,错误3个,精度达到86%。判别错误的原因,主要是因为有的含水层水化学类型相似或者几个含水层之间存在一定的水力联系。研究结果表明,基于主成分分析的矿井突水水源Bayes判别模型能够满足矿井生产要求,可为防治水工作提供决策依据。 相似文献
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典型华北型煤矿区主要充水含水层水文地球化学特征及控制因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水形成、演化过程中控制因素不同所造成的水化学组分的差异性是矿井涌水水源识别的基础,为揭示矿井主要充水含水层水化学作用及控制因素,以位于太行山东麓的典型华北型煤矿区——鹤壁矿区为研究对象,采用统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子相关性分析与主成分分析法对矿区122个地下水水化学资料进行了分析研究。结果表明鹤壁矿区主要充水含水层中地下水的化学组分主要受岩石的风化作用控制。奥灰水主要水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)主要来自碳酸盐岩(方解石和白云石)的溶解。二灰水主要水化学类型为HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型或SO_4·HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,其中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-的主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解,SO_4~(2-)来自硫酸盐岩的溶解作用和黄铁矿的氧化作用。砂岩水主要水化学类型为HCO_3-Na型,Na~+、Cl~-与HCO_3~-主要来自盐岩的溶解和硅酸盐矿物的风化作用。八灰水既有HCO_3-Ca·Mg型和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型,也有HCO_3-Na型,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_~3-和SO_4~(2-)的来源与二灰水一致,Na~+和Cl~-可能来自盐岩的溶解作用以及砂岩水与八灰水的混合作用。 相似文献
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利用示踪不同含水层水文地球化学特征的标型微量元素捕捉突水预兆期内的水文地球化学信息,建立判别模型分析煤矿重大突水水源,具有重要的理论与实践意义。本课题利用任楼井田及所在临涣矿区其他生产矿井的长观孔、矿井出水点从上而下分别取第四系第四含水层、二叠系煤系砂岩含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层及奥陶系岩溶含水层24个水样,测试了24种微量元素含量。通过分析4类主要突水含水层微量元素含量与聚类规律,得到了Be、Zn、Ga、Sr、U、Zr、Cs、Ba8种主要突水含水层的标型微量元素,建立了以标型微量元素作为解释变量的突水水源Bayes线性判别模型。以24个水样为训练样本,得到模型判别正确率达到了80%,并分析了区域水循环与水文地球化学演化对判别模型效果具有一定程度的控制作用。 相似文献
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为了阐明采动影响下华北隐伏型煤矿地下水化学演化规律,选取淮北煤田任楼煤矿为研究示范,运用系统聚类与主成分分析法对任楼煤矿不同时期的四含、煤系、太灰与奥灰含水层地下水水样的常规水化学指标（K++Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-与CO32-）开展多元统计分析,从而划分不同水化学类型,进而揭示地下水化学形成条件。研究结果表明:地下水"脱硫酸"程度揭示系统逐渐封闭,受采动影响逐渐减弱;"硬化"程度揭示系统逐渐开放,受采动影响逐渐增强;"咸化"作用贯穿于"脱硫酸"与"硬化"作用过程中。而且,地下水因受采动与"咸化"作用影响,"脱硫酸"与"硬化"作用程度表现几乎相反的变化趋势。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(12)
山西省柳林县地方煤矿众多,各生产煤矿受"太灰"、"奥灰"岩溶水的威胁十分严重,但对整个矿区内含水层的水文地质特征认识程度较低。在山西省柳林县兼并重组整合煤矿区水文地质补充勘探项目基础上,通过研究柳林矿区内各含水层的地下水化学特征,进一步提升该区对煤矿开采有影响的含水层地下水赋存规律的认识程度,确定了柳林矿区主要含水层的特征离子,为今后矿井突水水源的研究判别提供依据;同时通过水化学同位素特征揭示了矿区内奥陶系含水层的补给、径流、排泄条件,即矿区地下水补给来源为大气降水,矿区位于柳林泉域岩溶地下水的集中排泄区下游,区内岩溶地下水径流滞缓、水循环条件差。 相似文献
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This paper refers to the development of a conceptual model for the management of a coastal aquifer in northern Greece. The research presents the interpretation and analysis of the quantitative (groundwater level recordings and design of piezometric maps) regime and the formation of the upcone within the area of investigation. Additionally it provides the elaboration of the results of chemical analyses of groundwater samples (physicochemical parameters, major chemical constituents and heavy metals and trace elements) of the area which were taken in three successive irrigation periods (July–August 2003, July–August 2004 and July 2005), in order to identify areas of aquifer vulnerability. The study identifies the areas where ion exchange phenomena occur, as well as the parts of the aquifer where the qualitative degradation of the aquifer system is enhanced. The paper, finally, assesses the lack of any scientific groundwater resources management of the area by the local water authorities, as well as the current practices of the existing pumping conditions scheme as applied by groundwater users.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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煤炭开采后峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐演化过程研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
文章运用水化学和同位素水文学等手段,寻求奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐演化过程的“指纹”,通过不同含水层间水化学、稳定同位素差异的比对,分析其与上覆含水层间的水力联系和硫动力分馏过程,阐述采矿活动影响下峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐的演化过程。研究结果表明:煤矿开采后,峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐含量普遍增高,演化特征呈现多样性,存在多种硫动力分馏过程。分馏动力主要来自矿坑水和孔隙水通过导水裂隙的渗漏（越流）补给,以及脱白云石化过程中自身蒸发岩矿物（石膏）的溶解。 相似文献
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Mohamed El Kashouty 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(1):55-76
A robust classification scheme for partitioning groundwater chemistry into homogeneous groups was an important tool for the characterization of Eocene limestone aquifer. The aquifer locally is composed of chalky limestone with thin clay intercalated (Samalut Fm.), the fissures, the joints, and the fractures are represented the conduits of the aquifer system. The flow patterns are conditioned by karstification processes which develop a conduit network and preserve low permeability microfractured blocks. The aquifer is mainly recharged by surrounding aquifers and agricultural wastewaters. The groundwater flows in the eastern part (due the Bahr Yossef and River Nile), which is a discharge area rather than a recharge. Twenty-eight groundwater samples was collected from the Eocene limestone aquifer and analyzed for isotopes, major, and trace elements. δD and δ18O concentrations ranged widely due to geology, infiltration of different surface waters, evaporation, and hydrogeology. The concentration of δD and δ18O isotopes is depleted in the northern zone of the northern part and western zone of the central and southern part of the study area. They are enriched due the eastern area of the central and southern part of the study area. δD vs. δ18O delineate the Pleistocene aquifer and has a strong influence than other waters on aquifer hydrogeochemistry. It is confirmed by the AquaChem outputs of the mixing proportions of different water types included in the aquifer system. Cl-δD and Cl-δ18O relationships indicate the role of evaporation especially due the eastern area of the central and southern part of the study area. This research tests the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples. R-mode clustering, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were investigated. All the methods were discussed and compared as to their ability to cluster, ease of use, and ease of interpretation. Nearly most low-salinity waters are in equilibrium to supersaturate with respect to both carbonate minerals, while it is shifted to undersaturate with salinity. The inverse modeling findings clarify that the calcite, gypsum, and anhydrite dissolution increased due the northeastern area, middle zone, and southern corner of the northern, central, and southern part of the study area, respectively. The latter areas also were characterized by the lowest precipitation of the dolomite. Such areas are distinguished by much more enhancement for aquifer permeability and therefore transmissivity. The latter areas can be use as injection zone by fresh water. It can be a triple function; firstly, it recharges the saline Eocene limestone aquifer through the enhancement hydraulic conductivity and dilutes it. Secondly, it enhances much more the aquifer permeability and therefore the transmissivity. The Eocene limestone aquifer can be improved in quality and quantity by using such a model and exploits it as an alternative water resource with Quaternary aquifer and Nile water. Thirdly, it irrigates more areas to increase the income/capita. The dedolomitization represents the main hydrogeochemical process in the aquifer system. The geomedia (limestone, clay, marl, shale, and sand deposits) are in contact with water, therefore, the rock/water interaction, mixing, and ion exchange were estimated by the geochemical evolution of the groundwater systems. 相似文献
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矿井防治水的理论和工程实践表明，水文地球化学方法是矿井水害预防和治理工作中较为有效的一种方法，以平顶山矿区、肥城矿区为例，阐述了水文地球化学方法在水害研究中的某些应用，在平顶山矿区、环境同位素（氢、氧）和统计分析（聚类分析）技术的研究结果，进一步证实和校正了以往对该区水流系统的概念模型，即局部水流系统和过渡水流系统（或西南部和东北部子系统）的划分仅适于寒武系灰岩含水系统；砂岩含水层在矿区中、北部低山区接受大气降水补给，并有可能补给薄层灰岩含水层。在肥城矿区，地下水示踪试验结果表明，该区的GF9，F7－1、F7－3断层在试验段内具有较强的导水性，奥灰水可通过上述断层并以不同特征的通道和速度继续径流并补给各井下出水点，因而是该区煤矿安全的主要威胁。 相似文献
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Taisser Zumlot Awni Batayneh Haider Zaman Habes Ghrefat Saad Mogren Yousef Nazzal Eslam Elawadi Mahmoud Elwaheidi 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(4):469-475
A total of 72 water samples were collected from the sub-surface aquifer system in the Midyan basin and analyzed for 24 major, minor and trace elements. Histograms and normal quantile plots were used to delineate the sub-populations of the chemical constituents in the studied groundwater samples. Some of the elements such as Al, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cl have concentrations that could be linked to the weathering of the surface rock strata. On the other hand, the elements like As, Pb and Sb have concentration, that can be linked to agricultural practices in the area. The use of simple statistical analysis, frequency histograms, and Q-Q plots were useful for the detection and evaluation of elemental constituents in the groundwater of the study area. 相似文献
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煤矿区地下水既是重要的地下水资源,又影响煤矿安全生产。为了解宿南矿区地下水同位素化学特征,采集了宿南矿区松散层水、砂岩水和灰岩水样品进行T、D、18O、87Sr/86Sr和溶解碳酸盐岩中13C、18O等同位素测试分析,并利用传统图示等方法探讨了地下水演化年龄、同位素特征及影响因素。结果表明：矿区3个含水层地下水中T含量较低,整体反映了矿区地下水多位时间久远的亚现代水补给;地下水中D、18O受到明显围岩的影响,其组成为-68.5‰~-44.3‰和-8.78‰~-6.29‰,平均值分别为-61.15‰和-8.16‰;围岩中碳酸盐岩含量决定了13CDIC与 18ODIC的变化关系;87Sr/86Sr值为0.710 6～0.712 3,平均为0.711 2,87Sr/86Sr比值主要受到了水岩作用的影响,可以有效地识别3个不同含水层水源。 相似文献
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Julien Nikiema Walter Gläßer Ronald Krieg Mario Schirmer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2393-2414
In many regions of the world and especially in arid and semi-arid areas, groundwater is the major source of drinking water for most of the rural population. The main reason is probably its accessibility through hand-dug wells. However, the resource is supplied in most of the cases to the population as raw water because groundwater is assumed to be safe. In that situation, the water chemistry and quality is usually not well known. Therefore, a study in Tikaré, northern Burkina Faso (West Africa) was carried out analysing fourteen trace elements to characterise their concentration patterns and correlations. The assessment of the quality and the chemistry of water resources is also done in order to forecast if any danger to the population might exist regarding the trace elements. The samples analysed were from 22 wells, 2 boreholes and 1 surface water location (small dam) in a laterite environment. This dam is recharging water to the underlying aquifer during and short after the rainy season. It was found that the most dominated trace elements are Fe and Mn. In summary, nearly all the studied trace elements were below the recommended limit in the drinking water guidelines of the WHO (Guidelines from Drinking Water Standards, 1984). The main source of the trace elements in groundwater seems to be the bedrock dominated by volcano-sedimentary schist and basalt. At least for the analysed area, with only limited traditional mining activities close to the sampling zone, there is no danger for humans to consume the extracted water regarding the analysed trace elements. Some good relationships were also found between some trace elements and major ions. 相似文献
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沙曲井田位于山西河东煤田离柳矿区的中部,处在柳林泉域岩溶水系统的径流区。矿区奥灰水水量大,水位标高为+797～+802m,其中的4#煤底板承受奥灰水压2～5MPa,10#煤底板承受奥灰水压3～6MPa,属带压开采矿井。利用井田以往的地质及水文地质勘探资料,应用GMS软件建立矿区三维立体模型和地下水渗流的数学模型,实现水文地质结构三维可视化,使数学模型能正确地反映预测区的水文地质条件,达到数值仿真效果;应用有限差分数值法,对开采上组煤(3#+4#)和下组煤(8#+9#、10#)时,石炭系太原组灰岩含水层和奥陶系峰峰组含水层的疏降进行矿井涌水量预测,为矿井的安全生产和防治水工作提供依据。 相似文献