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1.
西北黄土高原第四系黄土广泛沉积于新近系三趾马红土之上形成粗糙接触的异质土界面,为典型的易滑层面。为探讨接触界面粗糙度对黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性影响,研制界面制样装置及剪切仪,开展简化黄土-三趾马红土界面直剪试验研究。结果表明:界面剪切破坏模式有齿间滑动、齿间滑动-齿面剪断、齿面剪断3种,界面接触角度越大,破坏模式越趋于齿面剪断,接触角度越小,破坏模式越趋于齿间滑动;界面剪切应力-剪切位移曲线演化规律表明界面脆性剪切破坏特征明显,且界面接触角度越大,峰值前剪切刚度与剪切破坏位移越大,峰值后剪切位移“跳跃”跌落现象越明显,界面脆性剪断破坏特征越显著;界面剪切过程产生明显剪胀效应,随界面接触角度增大,峰值剪胀角呈先减小而后增大趋势,反映了界面不同剪切破坏模式变化;受界面间初始黏聚强度与剪切破坏模式影响,界面抗剪强度随法向应力呈非线性变化,并受界面接触角度影响,峰值强度随界面角度增大呈先增大而后减小趋势,残余强度随界面角度增大呈增大趋势。 相似文献
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基于平面弹性复变函数中的保角变换方法,推导出带有衬砌的非圆形隧洞在原始地应力作用下的应力解析解。根据衬砌内边界的应力边界条件及围岩衬砌接触面上的应力和位移连续条件,获得求解围岩和衬砌解析函数的基本方程,计算了围岩和衬砌中的应力和位移。在求解过程中,考虑了支护滞后于开挖的力学过程,并认为围岩和衬砌之间紧密接触,不会相互分开和相对滑动。以马蹄形隧洞为例,获得了围岩开挖边界和衬砌内外边界的切向应力及围岩与衬砌接触面上的接触应力分布规律,并与ANSYS数值方法结果对比,算例表明两种方法的计算结果吻合很好。 相似文献
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传统的非连续变形分析法（DDA）法采用简单的线性位移模式计算效率高,描述大块体的高阶多项式位移模式在一定程度保留了该特点,并提高了计算精度。近年来流行的耦合有限元、自然单元的DDA法实质上是引入相应的插值形函数构成块体位移函数,计算相对低效,但具有计算更精细、更容易施加边界条件等优点。为结合传统DDA法与DDA耦合法各自的优点,建立了一种同时利用传统DDA法线性位移模式与耦合型DDA法非线性位移模式的混合法。该方法非线性模式主要针对大块体,采用了自然单元插值,缘于其具有一定无网格特征,且效率比有限元高。建立了混合模式下的整体矩阵并推导出接触等因素刚度子矩阵和荷载子向量的具体表达式。该方法建模更加方便合理,计算精度、效率介于线性模式的传统DDA法和非线性位移模式的耦合法之间。通过基本算例验证了混合法的有效性,并给出了节理围岩-隧道衬砌整体分析模型的计算结果,体现了新方法的优越性。 相似文献
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In this work, we report diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA)-type Montecarlo computations of a stochastic model of displacement
of a viscous fluid by another that preferentially wets a porous medium, for the case when both fluids are immiscible in the
absence of buoyancy forces. The model has the aim to simulate cooperative invasion processes found in experiments of immiscible
wetting displacement. The model considers the nonlocal effects of the Laplacian pressure field and the capillary forces via hydrodynamic equations in the Darcy regime with a boundary
condition for the pressure at the interface. The boundary condition contains two different types of disorder: the capillary
term, which constitutes an additive random disorder, and a term containing an effective random surface tension, which couples
to a curvature (it constitutes a multiplicative random term that carries nonlocal information of the whole pressure). We generate
different displacement patterns for different setting of the parameters of the model. We analyze these patterns by studying
the scaling properties of the interface that separate the two fluids and calculating the fractal dimension of the interface.
The results show the existence of three distinct regimes of scaling. One regime at the smallest-length scales is due to the
multiplicative random disorder together with the nonlocal coupling; it reveals itself in a roughness exponent α ≈ 0.80. Additionally, we find a DLA-type scaling regime with a roughness exponent α ≈ 0.60 at the largest scales and intermediate scaling regime with α ≈ 0.70 corresponding to invasion percolation with trapping. Each regime has definite scaling ranges that depend on the capillary
number and the relative wetting tendency of the fluids. The behavior of the fractal dimensions of the interfaces of the aggregates
constitutes a further confirmation of the existence of three scaling regimes and the multi-self-affinity of the perimeter
of the interface boundaries. 相似文献
5.
将围岩和衬砌分别视作均质、连续的线弹性正交各向异性和各向同性体,并充分考虑衬砌的支护滞后效应和隧洞运行时的内水压力作用,运用复变函数方法中的幂级数解法,提出了正交各向异性岩体中任意形状水工隧洞的力学解析方法。以直墙半圆拱形水工隧洞为例,所获得的解析解可精确满足衬砌内边界的应力边界条件以及围岩与衬砌接触面的应力、位移连续条件,同时还将解析结果与ANSYS数值结果对比分析,吻合良好。利用获得的解析解,讨论了围岩开挖面上不同的各向异性程度、不同的弹性对称面角度以及隧洞内不同的水压荷载对衬砌以及围岩上应力和位移分布的影响。 相似文献
6.
The elasto-plastic analysis of a circular underground opening using the finite element method (FEM), the coupled finite element and the boundary element method (FEBEM) is presented. The coupling procedure and elasto-plastic formulation are discussed. The effect of in situ stress ratio on yielded zone, displaced shape and principal stresses is presented. The results of FEBEM analysis are compared with those obtained from FEM. The computation time and the number of iterations as required by FEBEM and FEM are compared. 相似文献
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顺层岩体路堑边坡稳定性的弹塑性有限元模拟分析 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
基于理想弹塑性本构模型和Drucker-Prager准则,运用岩体力学理论、有限元数值模拟技术和强度折减原理,对顺层岩体路堑边坡在开挖过程中不同阶段的应力、变形、结构面上的摩擦力和边坡的稳定性等问题进行了模拟分析。分析表明,顺层岩体路堑边坡的应力场、位移场、结构面的接触状况以及边坡的稳定性明显受开挖效应的影响;在每一阶段的开挖面上,坡脚附近的水平位移量最大,最危险接触面也都集中在开挖形成的坡脚处,此处岩石最先脱落破坏;边坡的稳定性安全系数也随着开挖阶段的深入而逐渐降低。 相似文献
9.
Frictionless contact formulation for dynamic analysis of nonlinear saturated porous media based on the mortar method 
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下载免费PDF全文 A finite element algorithm for frictionless contact problems in a two‐phase saturated porous medium, considering finite deformation and inertia effects, has been formulated and implemented in a finite element programme. The mechanical behaviour of the saturated porous medium is predicted using mixture theory, which models the dynamic advection of fluids through a fully saturated porous solid matrix. The resulting mixed formulation predicts all field variables including the solid displacement, pore fluid pressure and Darcy velocity of the pore fluid. The contact constraints arising from the requirement for continuity of the contact traction, as well as the fluid flow across the contact interface, are enforced using a penalty approach that is regularised with an augmented Lagrangian method. The contact formulation is based on a mortar segment‐to‐segment scheme that allows the interpolation functions of the contact elements to be of order N. The main thrust of this paper is therefore how to deal with contact interfaces in problems that involve both dynamics and consolidation and possibly large deformations of porous media. The numerical algorithm is first verified using several illustrative examples. This algorithm is then employed to solve a pipe‐seabed interaction problem, involving large deformations and dynamic effects, and the results of the analysis are also compared with those obtained using a node‐to‐segment contact algorithm. The results of this study indicate that the proposed method is able to solve the highly nonlinear problem of dynamic soil–structure interaction when coupled with pore water pressures and Darcy velocity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
为了评价深埋长隧洞围岩的稳定性和隧洞间距的合理性,本文采用三维地质力学模型试验技术,研究在高地应力、高外水压力作用下,隧洞围岩整体稳定性以及相邻洞室开挖的相互影响效应,并与三维弹塑性有限元数值计算结果进行对比验证,研究结果表明:地质力学模型试验成果和数值计算结果基本一致,两者得到的位移场、应力场、屈服区范围都基本吻合。在高地应力、高外水压力作用下,工程所在的Ⅲ类围岩隧洞是可以安全成洞的。采用超载法进行试验和计算可知,在Ⅲ类围岩中极限超载安全系数k＞1.3,开挖隧洞对洞周围岩的位移与应力影响区一般小于1倍洞径范围,隧洞的间距是合适的。 相似文献
11.
Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C1 continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
中国大陆现今构造应力场的回归分析研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
叙述了应用有限元方法和回归分析理论,依据实际应力观测资料,结合中国大陆构造地质资料反演中国大陆现今构造应力场的研究成果。计算中考虑了地壳结构在纵向上和横向上的非均匀性和现今活动断层的影响,采用接触分析方法模拟了板块边界的作用。计算结果表明,通过回归分析得到中国大陆现今构造应力场特征与实际观测结果是一致的:(1) 在中国大陆现今水平最大主压应力轴走向以青藏高原为中心,呈辐射状分布;(2) 在中国大陆现今水平最大主压应力总体表现为由西向东逐渐降低的趋势;(3) 中国大陆东南的台湾海峡区域水平最大主压应力有局部升高的现象。 相似文献
13.
Guang Y. Sheu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(5):437-463
Earlier solutions (Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1985; 75 :1135–1154; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1992; 82 :1018–1040) of deformations caused by the movements of a shear or tensile fault in an isotropic half-space for finite rectangular sources of strain nucleus have been extended for a transversely isotropic half-space. Results of integrating previous solutions (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2001; 25 (10): 1175–1193) of deformations due to a shear or tensile fault in a transversely isotropic half-space for point sources of strain nucleus over the fault plane are presented. In addition, a boundary element (BEM) model (POLY3D:A three-dimensional, polygonal element, displacement discontinuity boundary element computer program with applications to fractures, faults, and cavities in the Earth's crust. M.S. Thesis, Stanford University, Department of Geology, 1993; 62) is given. Different from similar researches (e.g. Thomas), the Akaike's view on Bayesian statistics (Akaike Information Criterion Statistics. D. Reidel Publication: Dordrecht, 1986) is applied for inverting deformations due to a fault to obtain displacement discontinuities on the fault plane. An example is given for checking displacements predicted by proposed analytical expressions. Another example is generated for the use of proposed BEM model. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this model in exploring displacement behaviours of a fault. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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R. Wirth 《Tectonophysics》1985,120(1-2)
Recrystallization and grain growth of quartz occur only within 35 m of the contact. This limit of recrystallization and grain growth coincides with an inferred maximum temperature of 620 ± 20°C, which at about 6–7 km is the temperature for the low-high quartz transformation. The remarkable coincidence of the temperature of about 620°C for the beginning of recrystallization and grain growth with the transformation temperature of quartz is explained by the atomic displacement mechanism of the low-high quartz transformation. The already disordered structure of the grain boundary becomes even more distorted by the fluctuations of the SiO4 tetrahedra during the low-high quartz transformation. This results in an increase of the number of atoms which are transferred from one grain into the grain boundary, and from the grain boundary to the other grain. A lowering of the activation energy for grain boundary migration results such that grain boundary migration becomes the most important process for recrystallization and grain growth. 相似文献
17.
岩质高边坡稳定性有限元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在评价边坡稳定性方面，采用弹性本构模型的有限元法是一种值得信赖的方法，它在诸多方法中能简便的处理复杂情况下岩土体边界和地质条件。本文介绍了有限元法边坡稳定性分析基本原理，并结合具体针对玉环高边坡区域构造特征和边坡的工程地质特征，应用有限元法建立了有限元模型及选取参数，进行了稳定性分析，得出了位移圉、应力图、安全系数图，定量的揭示和模拟边坡破坏、变形的过程和机制，并对边坡加固进行了可行的论证和建议。 相似文献
18.
A simple and reliable method for predicting the relationship between lateral displacement and earth pressure for rigidly framed earth retaining structures (RFERS) was developed. Closed‐form equations were derived such that if one value of displacement or pressure is known (or assumed) the other can be computed for hydrostatic, seismic, uniform, and semi‐elliptical earth pressure distributions. Additionally, the general form of the equations can be used to predict the magnitude of the lateral force even if the shape of the earth pressure is unknown, with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The expressions for deflection were derived by treating the structure as an equivalent cantilever beam and calibrating the resulting expression using the finite element method (FEM). A parametric FEM analysis, of 42 000 different RFERS configurations, was performed to calibrate the expressions, using multivariate non‐linear regression between the derived expressions and FEM. A Weibull statistical analysis was performed for each equation and determined that the equations had better than 80% probability to yield deflections that are within 25% of the value computed using FEM. Furthermore, there is a 98% certainty that each equation will yield a deflection that is within 50% of that computed using FEM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Mohammad Reza Maleki Javan Asadollah Noorzad Manouchehr Latifi Namin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(6):681-699
The dynamic behaviour of pile groups subjected to an earthquake base shaking is analysed. An analysis is formulated in the time domain and the effects of material nonlinearity of soil, pile–soil–pile kinematic interaction and the superstructure–foundation inertial interaction on seismic response are investigated. Prediction of response of pile group–soil system during a large earthquake requires consideration of various aspects such as the nonlinear and elasto‐plastic behaviour of soil, pore water pressure generation in soil, radiation of energy away from the pile, etc. A fully explicit dynamic finite element scheme is developed for saturated porous media, based on the extension of the original formulation by Biot having solid displacement (u) and relative fluid displacement (w) as primary variables (u–w formulation). All linear relative fluid acceleration terms are included in this formulation. A new three‐dimensional transmitting boundary that was developed in cartesian co‐ordinate system for dynamic response analysis of fluid‐saturated porous media is implemented to avoid wave reflections towards the structure. In contrast to traditional methods, this boundary is able to absorb surface waves as well as body waves. The pile–soil interaction problem is analysed and it is shown that the results from the fully coupled procedure, using the advanced transmitting boundary, compare reasonably well with centrifuge data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
在压剪载荷作用下,层状岩体结构面附近的剪切变形梯度非常显著。基于偶应力理论,研究层状岩体结构面边界层效应。利用有限单元方法进行数值计算,并将偶应力理论的计算结果与经典弹性理论的结果进行比较。采用Serendipity单元（S单元）,导出S单元内的插值函数及位移插值公式。利用ANSYS进行前处理,并基于Matlab编制经典理论和偶应力理论相应的计算和后处理程序。结果表明：偶应力对层状岩体结构面剪应变有显著影响,尺度效应明显。相对于经典弹性理论,在偶应力理论中,应变量减小,并在边界层附近出现过渡区;剪应变突变现象得以改善,但剪应力不再连续。特征长度影响过渡区域的大小,但第二剪切模量、泊松比、弹性模量不改变过渡区域的大小。 相似文献