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1.
基于有效降雨强度的滑坡灾害危险性预警   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
选取湖北省恩施地区1 000 km2区域作为典型研究区, 在全面分析该区域历史滑坡资料的基础上, 根据该区滑坡生成与地层岩性之间的关系, 将研究区地层划分为高、中、低3类易发性岩组.分岩组统计降雨监测数据与历史滑坡信息, 得出有效降雨强度与关键降雨持续时间的散点图, 由此确定不同滑坡发生概率的有效降雨强度阈值, 提出该区的滑坡灾害危险性预警判别模型.基于样本区统计数据建立滑坡预测指标体系, 运用GIS得出研究区域的滑坡空间易发性区划结果, 并根据不同易发岩组-有效降雨强度模型, 叠加滑坡灾害易发性分区结果与降雨危险性预警等级分级结果, 对研究区的滑坡灾害危险性进行了预测预警.结果表明: 不同易发岩组-有效降雨强度模型所得预警结果与实际情况吻合, 预警模型具有考虑全面和预警精度高的特点, 在实际预警中切实可用.   相似文献   

2.
在充分调查万州区地质环境及滑坡灾害基本特征的基础上,根据资料的有效性和可获得性,选取地表高程、坡度、地层岩性、地质构造、土地利用类型、区域交通建设及河流侵蚀冲刷7个影响滑坡发生的因素作为评价指标,采用AHP法确定各个指标权重并建立滑坡灾害危险性指数模型,通过GIS系统的空间分析功能进行栅格运算,得出研究区滑坡灾害危险性分区。采用上述指标和方法将重庆市万州区的滑坡灾害划分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和极低危险区,划分结果符合该区滑坡灾害的实际情况。  相似文献   

3.
基于GIS的重庆市万州区滑坡灾害危险性评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在充分调查万州区地质环境及滑坡灾害基本特征的基础上,根据资料的有效性和可获得性,选取地表高程、坡度、地层岩性、地质构造、土地利用类型、区域交通建设和河流侵蚀冲刷7个影响滑坡发生的因素作为评价指标,采用AHP法确定各个指标的权重并建立滑坡灾害危险性指数模型,通过GIS系统的空间分析功能进行栅格运算,得出研究区滑坡灾害危险性分区.采用上述指标和方法将重庆市万州区的滑坡灾害划分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和极低危险区,划分结果符合该区滑坡灾害的实际情况.  相似文献   

4.
文章以德格县为研究区,以7 m DEM进行地形分析处理,并结合相关调查数据建立了德格县滑坡灾害数据库,通过选取的地震峰值加速度、断裂带、水系、坡度、坡向、高程、岩性等7个指标,在GIS技术支持下,利用信息量模型(I)、层次分析法模型(AHP)、确定性系数模型(CF)相互耦合对研究区灾害敏感性评价,再分析得到活动频率因素对研究区全县域进行危险性评价,将得到的结果分成4个区域,分别为高危险区、较高危险区、中危险区、低危险区,其中高、较高危险区占总面积2.23%。其中,滑坡灾害占总灾害的42%。评价结果与实际调查结果符合程度较高,能够为该地域未进行实地调查的地方进行相关滑坡灾害的预测预报,并对安全防治提供技术支持,亦可以为其他地区滑坡灾害危险性评价提供理论指导和技术参考。  相似文献   

5.
张桂荣  殷坤龙  陈丽霞 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z2):389-393
基于GIS技术,利用信息量模型开展区域滑坡灾害危险性预测研究,编制滑坡灾害易发分区图,为滑坡灾害的风险预测及实时预警预报提供基础资料。以浙江省永嘉县为例,利用MAPGIS二次开发得到的信息量专业模块,结合永嘉县历史滑坡灾害和2004年以来新发生的灾害点,分别评价了研究区的历史滑坡灾害危险性和现状滑坡灾害危险性;提出用历史滑坡灾害危险性图件结合新发生的灾害点来验证评价模型;将历史灾害点和新灾害点结合生成滑坡灾害危险性预测图件的预测过程;研究成果经在永嘉县的实际验证分析,2004年后3次台风期间(2004年的“云娜” 台风,2005年的“海棠”和“麦莎”台风)发生的有准确地点的滑坡灾害点全部位于滑坡灾害易发区内,表明采用的模型具有较好的实用性和可靠性;采用历史统计和快速聚类相结合的方法进行危险性等级的划分,克服了前人研究工作中人为划分易发区的缺陷,更科学、客观。  相似文献   

6.
危险性评价是滑坡灾害预防与减灾工作首要解决的重要内容.在地理信息系统技术支持下, 以山地灾害频发区——小江流域作为研究对象, 选取坡度、土体粘聚力和内摩擦角这3个评价指标构建滑坡危险性分级评价指标体系, 将投影寻踪技术运用到滑坡危险性等级评价中, 对评价样本的各指标因素进行线性投影, 以最优投影方向所对应的投影特征值作为评价依据, 建立了滑坡危险性等级综合评价模型, 绘制了滑坡危险性等级分布图.结果表明: 研究区极高危险区、高危险区、中等危险区、低危险区和极低危险区的面积比例为14.28∶9.41∶69.12∶7.00∶0.19;根据所建立的5级评价指标体系对研究区60个土质滑坡点资料进行了验证, 在占研究区总面积23.69%的高、极高危险区的小范围内, 实际发生土质滑坡数量45个, 占总土质滑坡数量的75.00%;中等危险性级别以上区域拥有的土质滑坡数量占全部土质滑坡的96.67%;不同危险性级别的滑坡体积方量统计结果表明, 滑坡体积方量密度随危险性级别的提高而迅速增加.对比评价结果及实测结果可知, 投影寻踪分级结果符合实际情况, 证实了该方法的正确性, 为滑坡危险性评价提供了一条新思路.   相似文献   

7.
滑坡危险性评价是滑坡灾害防治和管理的重要依据。文章基于层次分析法和随机森林模型,结合距离函数法,探索性地提出了一种新的组合赋权法(RF-AHP)。采用RF-AHP对青海省贵德县北部山区滑坡进行了危险性评价,对比探讨了AHP、RF和RF-AHP三种模型评价结果与实际滑坡灾害的吻合性,结果表明:(1)RF-AHP在高危险区和极高危险区面积占比38.38%的情况下,包括了60.13%的滑坡灾害,结果准确性相比AHP和RF两种模型有较大提升;(2)随着危险性等级的逐步提高,RF-AHP区划结果中相应分区的灾害实际发生的比率也随之增高,并对三种方法出现结果差异的客观原因进行了分析讨论,证明RF-AHP适用于滑坡危险性评价工作。  相似文献   

8.
滑坡风险管理是国际上广泛应用于滑坡灾害防灾减灾的有效途径之一。以县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统(County Landslides Risk Management Information System,CLRMIS)研发及应用为研究目标,在简述国内外相关研究现状的基础上,分析了我国县域滑坡灾害风险管理的基本特征与需求,设计了县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统的总体架构与功能模块,详细论述了县域滑坡灾害风险管理的技术流程、评价方法及评价标准,基于地理信息系统技术,完成了CLRMIS软件的开发。选择陕西省宁强县为应用研究区,基于CLRMIS平台,在对宁强县地质环境与地质灾害数据管理的基础上,采用信息量方法和要素权重叠加方法分别进行了区域(县域)滑坡灾害危险性和易损性研究,采用专家打分方法进行了单体滑坡灾害危险性和危害性研究,在此基础上应用风险矩阵分析方法进行了区域(县域)及单体滑坡灾害广义风险评价方法研究和基于降雨量的动态风险评价与预报预警。应用结果表明,CLRMIS能够在滑坡信息管理、风险分析与评价、预报预警等方面提供较为有效的支持,具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

9.
金沙江流域内滑坡灾害频发,对大型工程及交通设施均造成了极大的损害。采用确定性系数(CF)与证据权(WOE)模型,选取坡度、坡向、NDVI、海拔、岩石性质、纵剖面曲率、距道路的距离、距河流的距离、距断层的距离与第四纪沉积物类型10个指标,分不同组合进行区域性滑坡灾害敏感性评估。CF与WOE在多种不同指标组合下经过累积频率曲线下面积(AUC)检验,结果表明10种指标组合下的CF模型表现最佳,相比WOE模型所得的最高准确率(74.52%)与预测率(69.89%),CF的准确率与预测率分别高达83.40%与74.43%。CF计算获得的敏感性指数通过自然间断点法将研究区域分为滑坡极难发生区、滑坡较难发生区、滑坡较易发生区与滑坡极易发生区4类区域。评估结果指示程海断裂带南北延伸带与金沙江中段主要干支流沿线为区域的滑坡灾害易发区,表明断裂带及河流与该区域的滑坡发生具有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

10.
采用基于网格的瞬态降雨入渗(TRIGRS)模型,以滑坡灾害频发的陕南安康市东部巴山东段白河县为研究区,探讨模型适用性及不同降雨条件下边坡稳定性空间分布规律。根据中国土壤分布图并结合已有研究,选取模拟所需的水土力学参数。将模拟所得研究区稳定性分布图与实际滑坡目录对比分析进行TRIGRS模型精度评估,分别模拟连阴雨和短时间强降雨两种降雨情景,探讨研究区边坡稳定性空间分布规律,结果表明:1)TRIGRS模型在模拟预测降雨诱发型浅层滑坡时,结合受试者特征ROC曲线进行精度评估,曲线下面积为0.752,说明此模型在白河县进行滑坡模拟时具有一定的合理性与准确性,能反应该地区滑坡灾害的空间分布特征;2)连阴雨情景模拟下,极不稳定区域主要集中在北部低山地貌区,以冷水镇和麻虎镇为主,随降雨历时增加向东部和南部增多,西部仓上镇、西营镇和双丰镇的极不稳定区域面积较少,能承受长时间连续性降雨。短时间强降雨对边坡稳定性的影响更为直接,极不稳定区域随降雨强度增大而增加,以冷水镇和麻虎镇为主要防范区域。结合地形分析,极陡峭区域边坡稳定性最差,无法承受持续性降雨和高强度降雨,较陡峭区域更易受到降雨历时和降雨强度的影响,而平缓区域则能承受长时间及高强度的降雨;3)TRIGRS模型根据不同降雨条件预测易发生滑坡灾害的区域,为滑坡实时预报警系统提供了新的可能方法。  相似文献   

11.
For the socio-economic development of a country, the highway network plays a pivotal role. It has therefore become an imperative to have landslide hazard assessment along these roads to provide safety. The current study presents landslide hazard zonation maps, based on the information value method and frequency ratio method using GIS on 1:50,000 scale by generating the information about the landslide influencing factors. The study was carried out in the year 2017 on a part of Ravi river catchment along one of the landslide-prone Chamba to Bharmour road corridor of NH-154A in Himachal Pradesh, India. A number of landslide triggering geo-environmental factors like “slope, aspect, relative relief, soil, curvature, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), lithology, drainage density, and lineament density” were selected for landslide hazard mapping based on landslide inventory. The landslide inventory has been developed using satellite imagery, Google earth and by doing exhaustive field surveys. A digital elevation model was used to generate slope gradient, slope aspect, curvature, and relative relief map of the study area. The other information, i.e., soil maps, geological maps, and toposheets, have been collected from various departments. The landslide hazard zonation map was categorized namely “very high hazard, high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard, and very low hazard.” The results from these two methods have been validated using area under curve (AUC) method. It has been found that hazard zonation map prepared using frequency ratio model had a prediction rate of 75.37% while map prepared using information value method had prediction rate of 78.87%. Hence, on the basis of prediction rate, the landslide hazard zonation map, obtained using information value method, was experienced to be more suitable for the study area.  相似文献   

12.
对公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价及滑坡灾害分析,对于由滑坡、泥石流等引起的公路灾害的防治具有重要指导意义。为了评价处于花岗岩风化区的日本福岛县合户地区49号国道沿线边坡的滑坡危险程度,在调查和分析了该地区的表层破坏模式、并通过简易探测方法摸清了风化土层的厚度分布后,将研究区域划分为边坡单元(Slopeunit),使用椭球体下半部模拟滑动面的形状,通过随机试算法确定各边坡单元危险滑动面的位置及空间形状;采用一种基于GIS的边坡稳定性三维分析模型计算各边坡单元最小安全系数以及滑坡发生概率,定量评价滑坡灾害危险程度。所有的计算过程及结果显示均在一个基于GIS平台的系统中完成,为如何利用GIS技术更好地为滑坡灾害防治工作服务拓宽了思路。  相似文献   

13.
Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors (slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water). For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life.  相似文献   

14.
The slope failure and landslide hazard will possess the same properties within a range including the same engineering geological conditions. To assess the landslide risk of a mountainous area, the study of landslides previously having occurred is very important to evaluate the landslide risk around the area in which they took place. Based on the study of the mechanism of a previous landslide recorded in Kumamoto, Japan, this study initially proposes mechanical parameters for evaluating the landslide hazard using a 3D slope stability method. For each slope unit in the study area, the critical slip surface, which reveals the minimum safety factor of a slope, can be obtained. The affected streams and range of possible landslide masses are analyzed based on the debris flow simulation. This is initially applied to simulate the past landslide event and the result shows the landslide-deduced debris flow effectively re-displayed. Overlayered with layers of infrastructure in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this risk map indicates which houses and road sections remain in dangerous areas.  相似文献   

15.
山区地质灾害易发性评价对城镇地质灾害风险管理具有重要意义。本文以康定市为例,以斜坡单元为最小评价单元,选取高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、工程地质岩组、距道路距离、距断裂距离、距水系距离和斜坡结构等9个滑坡影响因子,根据各因子滑坡面积比曲线与证据权值曲线的突变点,划分滑坡影响因子二级状态,并对各影响因子进行相关性分析,剔除相关性较高的距道路距离因子,在此基础上,采用证据权模型进行滑坡易发性评价。对已有治理工程的斜坡单元,本文尝试利用折减系数法对其易发性进行进一步评价。结合现场调查,将研究区滑坡易发性程度划分为:极高易发、高易发、中等易发、低易发。评价结果表明,自然工况下极高易发区主要位于康定市炉城镇以及研究区北侧二道桥村一带,高易发区主要位于雅拉河、折多河与瓦斯沟河谷两侧,对治理工程所在的斜坡单元进行折减后,极高易发区面积由11.21%降至8.42%,滑坡比率由4.03降低至2.3,研究结果符合实际情况,模型精度达77.8%。评价结果较好地反映了康定市区的滑坡易发性分布情况,可为城镇精细化评价提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

16.
滑坡危险性评价是滑坡风险评估的重要组成部分,对滑坡的预测和防治意义重大。传统滑坡危险性评价在计算指标间重要性时多采用AHP、专家评判法、模糊综合评判等方法,但存在主观性较强,计算较为复杂等问题。研究基于一种改进的突变理论模型对滑坡进行危险性评价,选取坡度、坡向、高程、平面曲率、剖面曲率、距河流距离、地层岩性、土地利用类型、距断层距离、植被覆盖率、24 h降雨以及人类工程活动等12个因子作为滑坡危险性评价的影响因子,采用熵权法判定指标间的相对重要性,并建立滑坡危险性评价体系;然后对指标进行标准化、归一化,计算总突变结果;最后使用拟合函数对总突变结果进行转换,得到新的滑坡危险性评价准则,并以雅安市的20条滑坡对评价准则进行实例验证。结果表明,突变理论得到的评价结果准确率为90%,评价结果更加直观准确。  相似文献   

17.
A logistic regression model is developed within the framework of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map landslide hazards in a mountainous environment. A case study is conducted in the mountainous southern Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada. To determine the factors influencing landslides, data layers of geology, surface materials, land cover, and topography were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the results are used for landslide hazard mapping. In this study, bedrock, surface materials, slope, and difference between surface aspect and dip direction of the sedimentary rock were found to be the most important factors affecting landslide occurrence. The influence on landslides by interactions among geologic and geomorphic conditions is also analyzed, and used to develop a logistic regression model for landslide hazard mapping. The comparison of the results from the model including the interaction terms and the model not including the interaction terms indicate that interactions among the variables were found to be significant for predicting future landslide probability and locating high hazard areas. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of a logistic regression model within a GIS framework is useful and suitable for landslide hazard mapping in large mountainous geographic areas such as the southern Mackenzie Valley.  相似文献   

18.
基于聚类分析的滑坡灾害危险性区划研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
滑坡灾害危险性区划研究在城市规划决策方面具有重要的现实意义。聚类分析以统计学的形式将具有相似特征的数据进行归类,能够实现滑坡灾害危险性空间分布情况的定量评价。根据湖北省巴东县滑坡灾害统计资料,选择具有代表性的滑坡灾害影响因素作为危险性区划评价指标,采用熵权法和层次分析法相结合,综合评判各指标权重。并在此基础上,以MapGIS为操作平台,以C#语言编程实现了快速聚类算法,对研究区86216个单元进行了滑坡灾害属性分类及危险性等级自动识别,预测结果较好。本研究将综合权重评判方法与聚类模型结合,同时克服了聚类结果不能自动排序的困难,对处理大批量,多属性数据具有一定的创新性和实用价值。  相似文献   

19.
Landslide risk assessment and management: an overview   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
Landslides can result in enormous casualties and huge economic losses in mountainous regions. In order to mitigate landslide hazard effectively, new methodologies are required to develop a better understanding of landslide hazard and to make rational decisions on the allocation of funds for management of landslide risk. Recent advances in risk analysis and risk assessment are beginning to provide systematic and rigorous processes to enhance slope management. In recent years, risk analysis and assessment has become an important tool in addressing uncertainty inherent in landslide hazards.This article reviews recent advances in landslide risk assessment and management, and discusses the applicability of a variety of approaches to assessing landslide risk. Firstly, a framework for landslide risk assessment and management by which landslide risk can be reduced is proposed. This is followed by a critical review of the current state of research on assessing the probability of landsliding, runout behavior, and vulnerability. Effective management strategies for reducing economic and social losses due to landslides are described. Problems in landslide risk assessment and management are also examined.  相似文献   

20.
In the paper we present the procedure for hazard assessment that has been used to prepare the landslide hazard map of the Principality of Andorra at 1:5,000 scale. The main phases of the hazard assessment are discussed. Susceptibility analysis has involved the location of the potential slope failures, and the estimation of both landslide volume and runout distance. In the susceptible areas, landslide magnitude and frequency has been determined in order to produce the Hazard Zoning Map. Data required for hazard assessment have been introduced into a GIS or derived directly from available Digital Terrain Models. Data handling and treatment with the GIS has allowed the performance of the landslide hazard assessment and mapping in a fast and reproducible way.  相似文献   

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