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1.
利用遥感影像反演地物反射率,大气校正必不可少。对于高光谱影像,其信噪比与多波段遥感影像相比非常低,消除大气的影响显得尤为重要。在大气辐射传输模型Modtran4.0基础上,给出了一种直接、有效的大气校正参数计算方法。结合MODIS/TERRA大气温湿度廓线产品,使用此方法计算了高光谱影像Hyperion大气校正参数,并用于Hyperion影像的部分波段的反射率反演,与卫星过境时地面同步实测的典型地物反射率以及高光谱大气校正软件ACORN的计算结果进行比较,获得了比较好的结果。研究表明,大气辐射传输模型和卫星遥感大气参数产品相结合用于遥感影像的大气校正是可行的。  相似文献   

2.
基于遥感的黄河三角洲农作物需水时空分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
以黄河三角洲为研究区域,系统地提出了用多种分辨率遥感影像进行区域蒸散反演,结合气象数据,进行不同时空条件下农作物需水的分析.通过反演地表反照率、地表温度、地表比辐射系数等参数,进一步计算出地表净辐射通量、土壤热通量、显热通量,根据地表能量平衡方程进行了蒸散的遥感反演;利用5个时相的NOAAAVHRR数据和一个时相的TM数据反演了1999年7~9月的蒸散,并利用TM影像反演的蒸散结果,提高了NOAA气象卫星蒸散反演结果的空间分辨率,大大增加了遥感蒸散反演的实用性.利用6个时相的遥感数据反演的蒸散结果及计算的日潜在蒸散数据对1999年7~9月黄河三角洲各灌区农作物的需水总量进行了时空分析.  相似文献   

3.
山区地形复杂,遥感影像地形效应明显,易造成"同物异谱"、"同谱异物"现象,增大了遥感地质填图的难度.但前人对适用于复杂地形条件下地质填图的地形校正模型讨论较少,特别是校正高空间分辨率遥感影像时多缺少对应高精度数字高程模型,校正结果易受地形异常影响.在Richter"山区"校正模型基础上引入地形抹平模型,提出"Smoothed山区"校正方法,并与另14种地形校正模型在GF-1、GF-2、SPOT6山区影像上进行对比实验.结果显示,"Smoothed山区"校正模型在山区高空间分辨率遥感影像的校正效果明显优于其他模型,校正结果地形效应减弱,影像信息丰富不失真,并且直接获取地表反射率数据,可为进一步的遥感蚀变提取等工作提供基础数据.该模型适用于复杂地形山区的遥感地质填图.   相似文献   

4.
西藏墨脱地区山高路险,植被覆盖严重。区域地质调查中卫星遥感TM和SPOT光学图像受到植被干扰,地质构造露头不清;而微波侧视雷达图像(SAR)由于受到高山地形影响,信号遮蔽,控制点的精确选取和遥感地质解译也十分困难。研究中采用DEM(数字高程模型)模拟SAR图像的方法,利用模拟SAR图像对原始雷达图像进行控制点选取和影像正射校正,通过TM图像和SAR图像的正射影像处理以及二者的影像数据融合,并利用DEM进行三维构像,最大限度地发挥了TM图像和SAR图像的影响优及二者的影像数据融合,并利用DEM进行三维构像,最大限度地发挥了TM图像和SAR图像的影像优势,用于测区区域地质和构造解译,取得了较好效果。  相似文献   

5.
Hyperion高光谱影像的分析与处理   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
梁继  王建 《冰川冻土》2009,31(2):247-253
EO-1 Hyperion是新型地球观测卫星,也是一颗实验性的高光谱星载卫星.Hyperion影像具有高光谱分辨率的特点,同时该传感器在波段的辐射定标参数、影像的坏线和条带、以及光谱的Smile效应等处理方面有待改进.针对黑河上游祁连山区的Hyperion影像,进行了DN值分析,DN值转换辐亮度值、影像条带去除和坏线替换、光谱Smile效应校正,以及经MODTRAN辐射传输的大气订正等处理,获得了高光谱分辨率的雪反射率的反演网像,为研究区积雪面积的提取、雪粒径和雪反照率的反演等后续工作提供了基础图像.  相似文献   

6.
邓佳音  陈建平 《江苏地质》2018,42(3):501-506
在地形起伏较大的地区获取遥感影像时,由于地形效应的存在,阴影的产生几乎是不可避免的。为此,对多光谱图像进行波段比值处理,减弱或者消除地形阴影的影响,提高遥感影像的识别与分类精度,并对处理后的图像进行质量评价,为选择最佳处理方法提供参考。结合数字高程模型(DEM)对山区遥感图像进行分区,对分区结果进行各种波段比值运算,消除地形阴影;以信息熵作为质量评价指标,对比值处理消除地形阴影后的结果进行定量分析,研究处理结果与所选比值处理方法之间的联系。结果表明,波段比值处理可以减弱或者消除地形阴影的影响,与单波段比值处理和线性波段比值处理相比,非线性波段比值处理后图像的信息熵增强最大。  相似文献   

7.
基于FLAASH的高光谱遥感数据大气校正应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
星载传感器接收到的电磁波,必经大气吸收和散射的影响。高光谱分辨率遥感影像具有大量光谱信息,为了精确提取高光谱遥感信息,对大气校正是必不可少的。对于Hyperion遥感影像而言,其信噪比较低,在反演地表反射率过程中,此项工作尤为重要。基于FLAASH对Hyperion影像进行了大气校正,分析了不同地物校正前、后的光谱特征,与标准库对比后,取得了比较理想的校正效果。结果说明,通过大气辐射传输模型理论进行大气校正是可行的。  相似文献   

8.
高分辨率图像是人们一直追求的目标,超分辨率图像重建技术就是人们获取高分辨率图像的一种很重要的方法。研究了超分辨率贝叶斯方法,该方法利用全波段增强多光谱遥感影像,结合传感器特性模拟了全波段和多波段影像的观测过程。这种方法使全波段数据与多光谱波段数据自动对齐,成功地保留了光谱信息,实现了遥感数据信息的高保真,进而增强了空间分辨率。以IKONOS全波段和多波段影像为例进行了深入地探讨,并对自动融合的结果进行了定性和定量分析。  相似文献   

9.
EO-1Hyperion高光谱数据FLAASH模块大气纠正   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
EO-1Hyperion高光谱遥感影像在实际应用中,需对图像进行大气纠正及补偿等预处理,以便获得较好质量的图像,为进一步分析和应用提供保障.笔者运用FLAASH大气校正模型对中国云南香格里拉地区的Hyperion卫星影像进行大气校正,利用图像MNF转换法对光谱曲线进行去噪平滑优化,再对校正前后影像进行遥感影像和典型地物光谱曲线对比分析.结果表明,影像经FLAASH大气校正和MNF平滑后,较好地消除了大气影响和Hyperion高光谱遥感图像的光谱噪声.  相似文献   

10.
多光谱数据的最佳波段选择直接影响图像的目视解译和信息提取。在分析TM影像各波段间的标准差、相关系数和最佳指数因子内在联系的基础上,提出采用最佳指数因子与蚀变信息光谱特征相结合的方法选择遥感影像的最佳波段组合。研究表明,最佳指数因子与蚀变信息光谱特征相结合是多光谱数据最佳波段选择的理想方法;TM4+TM5+TM7波段组合获取的合成图像构造清晰,岩性差异显著,最有利于蚀变信息的提取。  相似文献   

11.
The influence of topographic effects in optical satellite imagery is not investigated very extensively in the Himalayan terrain. The topographic variability causes a problem of differential illumination due to steep and varying slopes in rugged Himalayan terrain. Therefore, topographic corrections are essential for qualitative and quantitative analysis of snow cover applications. The present paper discusses the implementation of different topographic correction models on AWiFS sensor onboard IRS P6 satellite images and the qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis in detail. Both the Lambertian and non-Lambertian assumptions have been considered in the present analysis with the aim to explore best suitable empirical model for rugged terrain. The main topographic methods implemented are:
•  C-correction
•  Minneart corrections
•  Civco’s modified version of cosine correction
•  two-stage normalization and
•  slope matching technique.
Lambertian assumptions are found to be very unrealistic over Himalayan terrain as these lead to either underestimation or overestimation of physical parameters significantly both on sunlit slopes as well as the slopes away from the Sun. This problem is overcome by considering non-Lambertian assumption. Minneart constant and C-correction coefficients for all AWiFS satellite bands are estimated using regression analysis. All the results due to topographic effects are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively using four criteria namely visual analysis, validation with field measurements (in-situ observations), spectral reflectance of training samples of snow on the south and north aspects and graphically. The visual analysis confirms the minimization of three dimensional relief effects in two-stage normalization and slope matching methods and retrieves some of the information under mountain shadow. Due to the very bright surface of snow fields there is likely to be more diffuse reflected light in these areas than over darker vegetated surfaces. The qualitative analysis in other methods does not extract any information on shady slopes. The quantitative validation of topographic results in satellite imagery with in-situ observations shows underestimation of spectral reflectance of snow significantly except for slope matching technique. It is also apparent that although all the topographic methods correct the reflectance of training snow samples on the south and north aspects but most acceptable values are achieved using slope matching. The results obtained from graphical analysis reveal that mean reflectance after all topographic corrections are independent of illumination. This study also suggests that the suitability of topographic models can not be concluded as successful based on single criterion. Slope matching technique is the only technique which satisfies all the four criteria successfully and produces the best result for Himalayan terrain.  相似文献   

12.
基于ASTER数据遥感影像的决策树分类   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以黑龙江省北安市为研究区域,尝试利用ASTER视反射率值进行便利、准确的土地利用分类研究。对ASTER数据进行波段相关分析,确定最佳组合波段;然后重点分析转换为视反射率值的影像特征和光谱特征,从中提取各种典型地物的光谱曲线;并依据提取的光谱曲线建立基于地物反射率值大小关系或阈值的决策树模型,对研究区不同地物类型进行分类,并对结果进行精度评价。应用效果表明,该方法简单有效,但对于混合光谱容易错分。  相似文献   

13.
以深圳市东部滨海地区为试验区,对2004年11月21日ASTER遥感数据进行辐射和几何精校正处理,实地建立分类样地;根据多边形样地矢量数据计算分析12类地物在ASTER各波段光谱反射图和分类叠合图,同时进行植被指数和短波红外5个波段主成分分析;结合GIS并利用ASTER光谱波段、第一主成分、植被指数、立体像对生成的地形因子建立土地利用分类决策树表;再根据决策树表对ASTER影像进行土地利用分类。经验证,分类结果总体精度达到85.1%。应用效果表明,利用ASTER数据进行土地现状资源调查具有很好的性价比,能够满足土地利用现状调查的准确度和精度。  相似文献   

14.
新疆阿勒泰阿巴宫铁矿遥感找矿综合信息研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
多光谱遥感找矿技术在荒漠戈壁滩地区已取得显著成效,但遥感技术在低山丘陵地带的使用资料较少,鉴于此,本论文以低山丘陵地貌类型的新疆阿勒泰阿巴宫多金属矿带的铁矿床为研究区,研究矿区蚀变信息的反射光谱特征,及在ETM+、ASTER多光谱数据中各个波段的吸收性;利用ASTER多光谱遥感数据提取阿巴宫铁矿的构造信息、岩性信息及蚀变异常信息,提取的上述信息与实际地质情况相吻合;对研究区的地质、物探、化探、遥感等找矿信息进行综合分析,遥感异常与航磁异常、化探异常的分布趋势及范围具有较高的一致性。  相似文献   

15.
随着遥感技术的飞速发展及图像分辨率的提高,对改善图像质量的处理技术要求越来越高,现有的处理手段已不能满足新的需求,其中遥感数据信息的完整利用尤为突出。TM数据有七个波段,一般只利用其中三个波段的信息,其它波段的信息没有被利用。基于TM数据的模拟反射率图则囊括TM数据七个波段的信息,信息利用完整,图像质量得到了很大提高。这里严格推导了基于TM数据构建模拟反射率图的原理和构建流程,并根据实验结果,总结了基于TM数据的模拟反射率图的特点主要有:①阴影区的分辨率得到了提高;②整体图像质量提高,图像处理由传统的不定量(拉伸)处理变为定量(特定处理工艺)处理;③信息利用完整;④对水体有一定程度的透视作用。  相似文献   

16.
Mosul Dam Lake is the main reservoir in Iraq, supporting the water demand of Mosul, Baghdad, and other cities. The aim of this study is to derive simple and accurate algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters for Mosul Dam Lake from Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 reflectance data. The water quality measurements were performed in situ during March and July 2011. These measurements included temperature, turbidity, Secchi disk, chlorophyll-a, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, total inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved solids, and pH. In order to properly use the values of reflectance bands, images enhancement techniques have been used. The field measurements were compared with reflectance values of Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 bands using different band combination of empirical algorithms. Generally, the results of analysis showed significant correlation between these models and water quality parameters with R 2?>?0.7 and p?R 2?>?0.9 and p?R 2?>?0.9, and values of the root mean square error ranged from 0.9 to 0.001. ArcGIS 10 was used to simulate the distribution values of water quality parameters calculated from spectral values of TM5 and ETM+ bands. The results of spatial analysis demonstrate that it is possible to use the TM5 and ETM+ images to evaluate the water quality for Mosul Dam Lake.  相似文献   

17.
基于岩性光谱特征的雄安新区地面古河道识别研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
雄安新区地面古河道与河漫滩岩性分别以砂土和黏性土为主,两种岩性所含矿物成分对电磁波的反射率不同。将地表岩性调查与光谱采集分析相结合,捕捉了这两种岩性在遥感影像中反射光谱的差异,在此基础上识别了古河道,并利用钻孔数据加以验证分析。结果表明:雄安新区表层砂土和黏性土在TM影像B5波段的DN值差值最大,该波段可作为识别河道砂体的必选波段;综合考虑波段信息量、波段之间信息重复程度,R(4)G(5)B(1)组合下河道砂体的形迹清晰可辨;钻孔数据与遥感解译结果吻合,岩心揭露的古河道发育深度在3.2~8.7 m之间;研究区古河道总体较发育,河道宽度多在0.5~2.0 km之间,多处分叉和汇聚后呈辫状河形态,河网密度约0.26 km/km~2;钻孔剖面显示河道地势高于河漫滩,属条状高地型古河道,河道有"游荡"痕迹;古河道的发育位置控制着区内居民地的分布。  相似文献   

18.
Detailed geochemical mapping of superficial lateritic formations is compared with recent high-resolution SPOT satellite images in the Dagadamou prospect in southern Mali.The two main landscape features standing out in SPOT images are expressed by thematic indices derived from multispectral data. They reflect the distribution of vegetation cover and the distinction between silty clay soils in the valleys and ferruginous duricrust exposed on the plateaus. Geochemical differentiation factors are closely related to the nature of sampled materials and reflect the relative amounts of major constituent minerals estimated by normative calculation.Duricrust samples with high Fe and Al content are also enriched in trace elements, P, V, Cr, As, Mo, Nb and Cu, immobilized in the weathering profile with secondary oxihydroxide minerals.Soils of flats are composed mainly of quartz and kaolinite; they also concentrate heavy minerals characterized by high contents of Zr, Ti, Ce and Y.Accumulation of detrital material at the periphery of duricrust plateaus is marked by a geochemical halo of higher contents in Zr and quartz at their periphery. This feature is clearly visible on SPOT imagery as a zone of high reflectance, devoid of vegetation.The density of vegetation on duricrust is related to its kaolinite content. Its distribution is characterized by a striped pattern, which is probably controlled by bedrock lithological structures preserved in the lateritic cover.This study shows the relationships, both direct and indirect, existing between spectral reflectance and geochemical composition of superficial lateritic formations. Many other landscape features identified with high resolution on SPOT images provide complementary information, which could be very helpful at various stages of geological and mineral exploration in lateritic terrain.  相似文献   

19.
The sensor onboard the satellite views the earth as a plain surface and consequently the satelliteobtained spectral radiances cannot represent true values over a mountainous terrain. The relative magnitudes of terrain slope and its aspect with respect to the sun's position will determine the amount of direct solar radiation incident on an undulating surface. Estimation of spectral reflectance from satellite data forms an important component in many of the snow and glacier studies. The spectral reflectance of snow is influenced by its various parameters. The changes in snowpack characteristics as a result of various metamorphic processes, with age, can cause variations in its spectral reflectances. Since, the terrain geometry also modifies the amount of reflected radiation from a rugged surface, one has to correct the estimated spectral reflectances for terrain topography so as to use them in deriving the snowpack characteristics accurately. Also, the amounts of melt runoff originating from glaciers having different slopes and orientations will not be the same. Considering these aspects, a model has been developed to estimate the terrain corrected spectral reflectances over the Himalayan terrain using the Linear Imaging Self Scanner-III data of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. The model computes spectral reflectances from satellitebased radiance measurements and includes the effect of the terrain topography on the incident solar radiation. The terrain slope and its aspect are generated from the digital elevation model of the region. The analysis carried out over the Beas Basin, Himachal Pradesh, India, indicated a variation of 22% in the amount of incident solar radiation for an increase of 10‡ in terrain slope. Further, the terrain with south-east aspect received maximum amount of solar radiation. The large differences observed between the uncorrected and terrain corrected reflectances in the shortwave infrared band (B5), which is not saturated over the snow covered region, suggest that the terrain slope and its aspect cannot be neglected in estimating the accurate spectral reflectances over the Himalayan terrain.  相似文献   

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