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1.
滑坡分类研究一直是滑坡研究的基础和重点。通过对山西煤矿区滑坡灾害的工程实践和大量的调查统计分析,根据滑坡地层结构、岩性特征、诱发机制及运动特征等因素将山西煤矿区滑坡归结为5种类型:顺基岩面推移-滑动型黄土滑坡;蠕滑-挤出型黄土滑坡;水浸溜滑型黄土滑坡;煤层自燃倾覆-拉裂滑移型岩质滑坡;受节理控制的蠕滑-张裂型岩质滑坡。研究结果发现:黄土滑坡滑带土一般为松散土层,岩质滑坡的滑面为软弱结构面（多为泥岩薄层）或煤线;除溜滑型黄土滑坡滑动速度较快外,其他为低速滑坡,其典型特点是历时长,滑距短,致灾范围小,但滑坡推力大,破坏力强,往往造成更大损失。该研究进一步细化了滑坡分类的内容,其成果可对山西矿区及类似滑坡地质灾害的防治提供指导。 相似文献
2.
黄河上游龙羊峡至积石峡段巨型滑坡OSL测年 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对青藏高原东部黄河上游龙羊峡—积石峡段10个特大型古滑坡的地质结构、地层岩性的分析,结合各滑坡特征,在特定部位进行采样,归纳整理出滑坡光释光（OSL）测年样品的5种采样方法。选取11个样品应用OSL测年方法,得到各滑坡的年龄数据,分析各样品的可靠性,并探讨其构造时间、气候变化与滑坡群发性之间的关系。研究表明,由于样品来源广泛,实验方法高效准确,OSL方法可成功地应用于滑坡年龄测定,为滑坡研究提供可靠的地质依据。研究区特大型群发性滑坡和初步划分为4期分别为130~110ka、50~30ka、12~9ka和5~3ka,并解释了各期滑坡群发的主要触发因素。 相似文献
3.
Applying weight of evidence method and sensitivity analysis to produce a landslide susceptibility map 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The main purpose of this study is to define the main variables that contribute to the occurrence of landslides in Kimi, Euboea, Greece, and to produce a landslide susceptibility map using the weight of evidence method. For the developed model, a sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to understand the model’s behavior when small changes are introduced in the weight value of the landslide-related variables. Landslide locations were identified from field surveys and interpretation of aerial photographs which resulted in the construction of an inventory map with 132 landslide events, while eight contributing variables were identified and exploited. All landslide-related variables were converted into a 5?×?5-m float-type raster file. These input-raster layers included a lithological unit layer, an elevation layer, a slope angle layer, a slope aspect layer, a distance from tectonic features layer, a distance from hydrographic network layer, a topographic wetness index layer, and a curvature layer. The validation of the developed model was achieved by using a subset of unprocessed landslide data, showing a satisfactory agreement between the expected and existing landslide susceptibility level, with the area under the predictive rate curve estimated to be 0.808. The area under the success rate curve was estimated to be 0.828 indicating a very high classification rate for existing landslide areas. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, the lithological unit “yellowish gray to white marls” was the most sensitive as it had the highest change in the relative frequency of observed landslides. The overall outcomes of the performed analysis provide crucial knowledge in successful land use planning and management practice and also in risk reduction projects. 相似文献
4.
Use of GIS-based fuzzy logic relations and its cross application to produce landslide susceptibility maps in three test areas in Malaysia 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15
Biswajeet Pradhan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(2):329-349
Landslides are one of the most frequent and common natural hazards in Malaysia. Preparation of landslide susceptibility maps
is one of the first and most important steps in the landslide hazard mitigation. However, due to complex nature of landslides,
producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. For this reason, a number of different approaches have been used, including
direct and indirect heuristic approaches, deterministic, probabilistic, statistical, and data mining approaches. Moreover,
these landslides can be systematically assessed and mapped through a traditional mapping framework using geoinformation technologies.
Since the early 1990s, several mathematical models have been developed and applied to landslide hazard mapping using geographic
information system (GIS). Among various approaches, fuzzy logic relation for mapping landslide susceptibility is one of the
techniques that allows to describe the role of each predisposing factor (landslide-conditioning parameters) and their optimal
combination. This paper presents a new attempt at landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy logic relations and their cross
application of membership values to three study areas in Malaysia using a GIS. The possibility of capturing the judgment and
the modeling of conditioning factors are the main advantages of using fuzzy logic. These models are capable to capture the
conditioning factors directly affecting the landslides and also the inter-relationship among them. In the first stage of the
study, a landslide inventory was complied for each of the three study areas using both field surveys and airphoto studies.
Using total 12 topographic and lithological variables, landslide susceptibility models were developed using the fuzzy logic
approach. Then the landslide inventory and the parameter maps were analyzed together using the fuzzy relations and the landslide
susceptibility maps produced. Finally, the prediction performance of the susceptibility maps was checked by considering field-verified
landslide locations in the studied areas. Further, the susceptibility maps were validated using the receiver-operating characteristics
(ROC) success rate curves. The ROC curve technique is based on plotting model sensitivity—true positive fraction values calculated
for different threshold values versus model specificity—true negative fraction values on a graph. The ROC curves were calculated
for the landslide susceptibility maps obtained from the application and cross application of fuzzy logic relations. Qualitatively,
the produced landslide susceptibility maps showed greater than 82% landslide susceptibility in all nine cases. The results
indicated that, when compared with the landslide susceptibility maps, the landslides identified in the study areas were found
to be located in the very high and high susceptibility zones. This shows that as far as the performance of the fuzzy logic
relation approach is concerned, the results appeared to be quite satisfactory, the zones determined on the map being zones
of relative susceptibility. 相似文献
5.
下蜀土滑坡是宁镇地区一种常见的地质灾害类型,其具有分布广、数量多、季节性明显、受人为环境影响大等特点。与常规土体滑坡相比,下蜀土滑坡具有土体吸水饱和后强度迅速降低的力学属性,这将导致滑坡的产生具有明显的突变性。以往针对下蜀土滑坡产生原因的研究主要是针对自然未产生滑动的边坡,鲜有从已产生滑动的边坡开展研究分析工作。据此,本文将采用现场调查,室内试验,理论分析和案例对比的方法,对两个典型的下蜀土滑坡的成因机制进行分析。结合滑坡产生的主要因素,从应急和永久两个方面对两个滑坡提出了有效的处理措施,为类似下蜀土滑坡的综合防治提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
6.
A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The probability of occurrence is one of the key components of the risk equation. To assess this probability in landslide risk analysis, two different approaches have been traditionally used. In the first one, the occurrence of landslides is obtained by computing the probability of failure of a slope (or the reactivation of existing landslides). In the second one, which is the objective of this paper, the probability is obtained by means of the statistical analysis of past landslide events, specifically by the assessment of the past landslide frequency. In its turn, the temporal frequency of landslides may be determined based on the occurrence of landslides or from the recurrence of the landslide triggering events over a regional extent. Hazard assessment using frequency of landslides, which may be taken either individually or collectively, requires complete records of landslide events, which is difficult in some areas. Its main advantage is that it may be easily implemented for zoning. Frequency assessed from the recurrence of landslide triggers, does not require landslide series but it is necessary to establish reliable relations between the trigger, its magnitude and the occurrence of the landslides. The frequency of the landslide triggers can be directly used for landslide zoning. However, because it does not provide information on the spatial distribution of the potential landslides, it has to be combined with landslide susceptibility (spatial probability analysis) to perform landslide hazard zoning. Both the scale of work and availability of data affect the results of the landslide frequency and restrict the spatial resolution of frequency zoning as well. Magnitude–frequency relationships are fundamental elements for the quantitative assessment of both hazard and risk. 相似文献
7.
通过对中海村滑坡灾害现场的调查研究,阐明了滑坡的致灾因素和失稳机制,基于连续介质力学理论数值模型对滑坡进行了动力参数反演分析。研究结果表明: 连续降雨和第四系昔格达半成岩的特殊岩性特征是中海村滑坡发生的关键因素,滑坡运动持续时间约70 s,滑坡孔隙水压力系数为0.8,最大堆积厚度为8 m,最大运动速度为16.2 m/s; 在整个滑坡运动形态和速度演化过程中,主要堆积区域为1级平台和3级平台,运动速度出现3峰特征,阶梯型地形是出现阶段性速度峰值的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using Bayesian approach in the Sultan Mountains (Akşehir,Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Adnan Ozdemir 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(3):1573-1607
Landslides cause heavy damage to property and infrastructure, in addition to being responsible for the loss of human lives
in many parts of the Turkey. The paper presents GIS-based spatial data analysis for landslide susceptibility mapping in the
regions of the Sultan Mountains, West of Akşehir, and central part of Turkey. Landslides occur frequently in the area and
seriously affect local living conditions. Therefore, spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility in the Sultan Mountains
is important. The relationships between landslide distributions with the 19 landslide affecting parameters were analysed using
a Bayesian model. In the study area, 90 landslides were observed. The landslides were randomly subdivided into 80 training
landslides and 10 test landslides. A landslide susceptibility map was produced by using the training landslides. The test
landslides were used in the accuracy control of the produced landslide susceptibility map. Approximately 9% of the study area
was classified as high susceptibility zone. Medium, low and very low susceptibility zones covered 8, 23 and 60% of the study
area, respectively. Most of the locations of the observed landslides actually fall into moderate (17.78%) and high (77.78.
%) susceptibility zones of the produced landslide susceptibility map. This validates the applicability of proposed methods,
approaches and the classification scheme. The high susceptibility zone is along both sides of the Akşehir Fault and at the
north-eastern slope of the Sultan Mountains. It was determined that the surface area of the Harlak and Deresenek formations,
which have attained lithological characteristics of clayey limestone with a broken and separated base, and where area landslides
occur, possesses an elevation of 1,100–1,600 m, a slope gradient of 25°–35° and a slope aspect of 22.5°–157.5° facing slopes. 相似文献
9.
邹鲁德 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(1):80-83,97
"钻孔注浆+预应力锚索"工艺被应用在了迪庆变电站滑坡山体的工程治理中.本文在分析滑坡体地层结构、岩性和地形特征的基础上,介绍工程设计、工艺和施工方案.工程效果表明,在破碎岩土区,"钻孔注浆+预应力锚索"工艺治理滑坡效果显著. 相似文献
10.
滑坡灾害防治的新技术路线及分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
论文指出了滑坡灾害防治中面临的工程问题和科学问题。提出了“监测为首、排水为主、结构为辅、预测预警、科学决策”新的滑坡防治技术路线,介绍了其涵盖的基本内容。监测的首要性在于山体地质结构的复杂性和具体滑坡的个体行为。通过监测有可能获得地质体当前的状态、提高排水工程的可靠性、确定工程治理适用范围、创造滑坡灾害预测预报的条件、为科学决策提供依据;排水不仅可以预防滑坡灾害的发生,还应作为工程治理的主要措施。它以较低的成本维持山体的整体强度;与排水技术相比,借助于工程结构治理大型滑坡,是以较高的代价换取山体局部区域的强度提高;滑坡灾害的预测预警和科学决策,依赖于科学监测数据和可靠的分析方法。新技术路线的可靠性、合理性和实用性还需更为全面深入的论证,对相关问题开展讨论,有助于提高我国滑坡灾害防治水平。 相似文献
11.
YAN Chunjie SUN Yunzhi TANG Huiming Test Centre China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei Institute of Yangtze River Exploring Technique Ministry of Water Resources Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):349-352
The mineral assemblage and content and surface microtextures of slipping zone soil of several landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir District have been analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). All the mineral assemblages are similar in these landslides. The main minerals are montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz and feldspar. There are two kinds of surface microtexture in the slipping zone soil, i.e., linear scratches and arcuate scratches. Based on analyses of the changes of the microtextures, one can obtain information about the number, directions and stages of landslide movements. The authors have also studied the mechanism of landslide formation, evaluated the stability of landslides and revival possibility of ancient landslides and forecasted the activity of similar landslides in different districts. The surface microtexture features of stable landslides and mobile landslides are summarized and it is concluded that the existence of filam 相似文献
12.
13.
Regional landslide risk to the Cairns community 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
A GIS-based regional reconnaissance-level assessment of landslide risk to the Cairns community has been carried out to provide information to the Cairns City Council for planning and emergency management purposes. Magnitude recurrence relations were tentatively established for the two main slope processes: landslides on the hill slopes; and large debris flows extending out from the gully systems on to the plains. From the recurrence relations, landslide hazard (H) was estimated as the annual probability of a point being impacted by a landslide. The nature, number (E) and geographic distribution of the elements at risk were obtained by interrogating the GIS, and their vulnerabilities (V) to destruction by the two main landslide slope processes were assessed. From this information, specific risk (= H × V) and total risk (= H × V× E) maps were produced.Although total landslide risk is relatively low at present, it will increase as development extends further into the hill slopes, unless adequate mitigation measures are taken. Large debris flows, while considerably less frequent than landslides on cut slopes, could impact on subdivisions at the base of the slopes. Blockage by landslides of roads and railways providing access to Cairns can cause isolation of the community. Flash flooding in Freshwater Creek, or debris flows, have the potential to disrupt the Cairns water supply by blocking the intake or destroying sections of the pipeline. 相似文献
14.
晚更新世以来,特别是全新世以来,黄土高原西北部发育了多期次的滑坡事件。临夏盆地巴谢河流域较好地保留了多期次滑坡的遗存,有研究历史滑坡发育规律的良好素材。文章通过详细的野外调查,初步厘清了滑坡空间分布及新老滑坡相互叠置关系,总结得到本地区滑坡的四种发展类型:压裂型深层黄土-泥岩滑坡、滑移型深层黄土-泥岩滑坡、蠕变型中浅层黄土-泥岩滑坡和塌滑型黄土滑坡。不同时期发育的滑坡在野外呈现明显不同的特征:发育于晚更新世的古滑坡有圈椅状的地形和高陡的后缘陡壁,滑坡堆积体已固结,堆积体表面冲沟发育;发育于全新世早期的老滑坡除了具有圈椅状地形和高陡后壁外,堆积体较为松散,堆积平台形态较为完整;发育于全新世晚期的新滑坡则保留了更多的滑坡特征,可见滑坡后缘和侧缘裂缝。巴谢河流域滑坡大多有多次滑动的迹象,不同期次的滑坡相互重叠,在同一范围发生多次滑动,形成多级滑坡堆积平台。滑坡埋压动植物、滑坡洼地短期水体沉积物等有着明显的滑坡指示意义。通过采集此类样品,利用14C和光释光等测年手段,获取了本地区一系列滑坡事件的年龄。对测年数据进行统计分析,得到巴谢河流域晚更新世以来的五个滑坡高发时段,分别为100~63 kaBP、45.2~41.5 kaBP、33.3~28.2 kaBP、22.5~15.2 kaBP和10.4~0.2 kaBP。以上滑坡高发时段的推断将为认识去环境变迁提供证据。 相似文献
15.
Statistical modelling of Europe-wide landslide
susceptibility using limited landslide inventory data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Van Den Eeckhaut J. Hervás C. Jaedicke J.-P. Malet L. Montanarella F. Nadim 《Landslides》2012,9(3):357-369
In many regions, the absence of a landslide inventory hampers the production of susceptibility or hazard maps. Therefore, a method combining a procedure for sampling of landslide-affected and landslide-free grid cells from a limited landslide inventory and logistic regression modelling was tested for susceptibility mapping of slide- and flow-type landslides on a European scale. Landslide inventories were available for Norway, Campania (Italy), and the Barcelonnette Basin (France), and from each inventory, a random subsample was extracted. In addition, a landslide dataset was produced from the analysis of Google Earth images in combination with the extraction of landslide locations reported in scientific publications. Attention was paid to have a representative distribution of landslides over Europe. In total, the landslide-affected sample contained 1,340 landslides. Then a procedure to select landslide-free grid cells was designed taking account of the incompleteness of the landslide inventory and the high proportion of flat areas in Europe. Using stepwise logistic regression, a model including slope gradient, standard deviation of slope gradient, lithology, soil, and land cover type was calibrated. The classified susceptibility map produced from the model was then validated by visual comparison with national landslide inventory or susceptibility maps available from literature. A quantitative validation was only possible for Norway, Spain, and two regions in Italy. The first results are promising and suggest that, with regard to preparedness for and response to landslide disasters, the method can be used for urgently required landslide susceptibility mapping in regions where currently only sparse landslide inventory data are available. 相似文献
16.
水在滑坡变形过程中所起作用的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章以黄腊石滑坡群中的两个相邻滑坡(大石板滑坡和石榴树包滑坡)为例,研究了水在这两个滑坡产生过程中的作用,结论为:长江水位的抬升一方面抬高了滑体中的地下水位,另一方面使石榴树包滑坡约1/3的滑体浸泡在江水中,造成其发生多次滑塌;降水一方面引发坡面泥石流,另一方面使滑体的地下水位出现变化,增加滑体重量,软化滑带;地下水的静水压力和动水压力是促使大石板滑坡产生变形的主要影响因素,却是石榴树包滑坡变形的次要影响因素,地下水在石榴树包滑坡变形中的作用主要表现为软化滑带、降低滑带的抗剪强度。 相似文献
17.
Anika Braun Sabatino Cuomo Stefano Petrosino Xueliang Wang Luqing Zhang 《Landslides》2018,15(3):535-550
A smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical modeling method implemented for the forward simulation of propagation and deposition of flow-type landslides was combined with different empirical geomorphological index approaches for the assessment of the formation of landslide dams and their possible evolution for a local case study in southwestern China. The SPH model was calibrated with a previously occurred landslide that formed a stable dam impounding the main river, and it enabled the simulation of final landslide volumes, and the spatial distribution of the resulting landslide deposits. At four different sites on the endangered slope, landslides of three different volumes were simulated, respectively. All landslides deposited in the main river, bearing the potential for either stable impoundment of the river and upstream flooding scenarios, or sudden breach of incompletely formed or unstable landslide dams and possible outburst floods downstream. With the empirical indices, none of the cases could be identified as stable formed landslide dam when considering thresholds reported in the literature, showing up the limitations of these indices for particular case studies of small or intermediate landslide volumes and the necessity to adapt thresholds accordingly for particular regions or sites. Using the occurred benchmark landslide as a reference, two cases could be identified where a complete blockage occurs that is more stable than the reference case. The other cases where a complete blockage was simulated can be considered as potential dam-breach scenarios. 相似文献
18.
The study area is located in Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Over 200 landslides have been monitored over a number of
years with their behavior being compared to the effective rainfall database for the study area. Analysis of the available
data indicates that the occurrences of landslides in this region are controlled by rainfall, whose intensity and rainfall
processes are the most important dynamic factors in determining the stability of slopes. Therefore, the relationship between
rainfall and the movement of typical landslides has been specifically analyzed for the Xintan landslides and the large Huangya
landslide by using the loading/unloading response ratio parameter of rainfall. The result of this study indicates that the
mutation of the loading/unloading response ratio of rainfall of the Xintan landslide and the large Huangya landslide in the
Three Gorges Reservoir region, China occurred just before their destabilization, which shows that the loading/unloading response
ratio of rainfall and its changing feature can be taken as a precursor for the landslides induced by rainfall. 相似文献
19.
Dynamic properties of earthquake-induced large-scale rapid landslides within past landslide masses 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
During the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake, thousands of landslides were triggered, among them two large-scale rapid landslides (Higashi Takezawa and Terano landslides) occurred within past landslide masses and dammed the river at the toe of the landslides, posing great risks for the society. Detailed field investigation was performed on these two landslides. To examine the triggering and movement mechanisms, samples were taken from these two landslides. By using a ring shear apparatus, real earthquake wave loading test and cyclic loading tests were performed on these samples. The test results revealed that those sand samples from both landslides can suffer from sliding surface liquefaction phenomenon with very low final apparent friction angles, while the silt sample from Terano landslide showed no liquefaction failure, indicating that the sliding surfaces of these rapid landslides must have been formed within the sand layer in the past landslide masses. 相似文献
20.
The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Yong Hong Hiromasa Hiura Kazuo Shino Kyoji Sassa Akira Suemine Hiroshi Fukuoka Gonghui Wang 《Landslides》2005,2(2):97-105
Many large landslides in the crystalline schist region of Shikoku Island, Japan, are susceptible to intense rainfall. Through the use of on-site monitoring systems, the activity of landslides and their meteorological triggers can be assessed. Continuous high-intensity rainfall was found to play a key role in provoking landslide movement. This paper investigates the influence of intense rainfall on the activity of crystalline schist landslides by examining rainfall and displacement of four typical landslides. By defining and calculating the effective rainfall and the relative landslide displacement, the relationship between intense rainfall and rainfall-induced landslide movement was analysed. Results indicate that the intense rainfall-induced landslide movement can be correlated with the effective rainfall. From these results, two rainfall thresholds were identified for the landslide risk management of Shikoku Island. 相似文献