共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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刘桥断层位于刘桥一矿东北侧,落差110～210m,通过钻探揭露、物探探查、流量测井技术,对刘桥断层破碎带的富、导水性进行了研究,在-380石门巷道过刘桥断层前进行了管棚支护及预注浆加固工程,以及在巷道过刘桥断层过程中,采取了一系列行之有效的掘进支护措施,确保了-380石门巷道安全通过刘桥断层。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2020,(Z1)
采用现场调查、数值模拟和地质力学分析的方法,以金山店铁矿东区-340 m和-410 m阶段运输巷为研究背景,开展巷道围岩变形破坏的断层效应研究。研究结果表明,采矿影响区内的断层破碎带巷道变形破坏严重,围岩破坏模式主要表现为巷道顶板垮塌、顶板非对称下沉变形、巷道围岩内挤变形引起的片帮或剥落、巷帮水平张拉裂缝等等模式;-340m阶段运输巷所在的断层破碎带F4位于矿体开采引起移动变形区域,岩体移动变形引起的水平应力释放导致断层破碎带F4与近矿角页岩A2分界面出现错动台阶;-340 m阶段运输巷变形与破坏机制矿体开采,引起巷道围岩向采空区方向移动变形和开采诱发的断层破碎带滑移活化直接造成顶板沿陡倾结构面垮塌两部分,-410m阶段运输巷变形与破坏机制是受开采诱发的-340 m水平及以上断层破碎带岩体下滑活化引起的挤压变形作用。 相似文献
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煤矿巷道中的断层、陷落柱和煤岩体结构破碎带等不良地质条件不但影响掘进施工,同时也存在突水、瓦斯突出等安全隐患。断层、陷落柱等地质异常构造与围岩在密度、速度等物性方面存在较大差异,因此可利用多波多分量地震反射法探测煤矿井下异常构造。近两年来,任楼煤矿针对矿井巷道前方的未知隐伏构造做了多次MSP震波超前探测。以Ⅱ7322机巷为例,在巷道j19点前76m处,分别于巷道的左帮及右帮对迎头前方进行了两次超前探查,2次探测解释的2个异常界面位置分别为82m、101m和85m、102m,实际揭露2个断层位置为82m、109m,探测结果与实际基本相符,实现了对掘进巷道内地质构造带的准确超前预测预报。 相似文献
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淮南某矿井胶带机巷离地表深度约730m,在掘进中遇到岩体破碎带。由于破碎带厚度大,且富含水,造成了巷道变形严重,无法贯通。在分析矿区地质条件的基础上,实施了地面预注浆技术来加固破碎岩体：采用定向分支孔钻进技术以减小钻场征地面积和节约钻进工程量;运用飞管技术加固造斜段钻孔孔壁;根据窜浆钻孔的孔间距及井下漏浆点位置,确定浆液扩散半径;根据漏浆量及巷道变形观测结果确定注浆对巷道影响区的范围,并依此调整注浆参数和注浆结束标准。最后提出了地面注浆期间须加强井下巷道监测的建议。 相似文献
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古城煤矿首采区中部安昌断层、中华断层及其伴生断层形成一地堑,地表宽度约500m,断层最大落差达240m。断层带岩石破碎、裂隙发育,可能使奥陶系灰岩岩溶水与太原组灰岩岩溶水通过断层带产生一定水力联系,给矿井大巷掘进及正常生产造成隐患。通过地面瞬变电磁勘探、矿井大巷掘进、水文地质试验、水质分析等多种方法,对断层的富水性及导水性进行了分析,结果表明:安昌—中华地堑在水平上两侧水力联系较弱,在水平上呈阻水特性;大断裂区域顶板二叠系含水层与地表水、第四系孔隙水和奥陶系岩溶灰水的水化学特征差异较大,富水程度不同,水位标高不一致,判断各含水层在纵向存在水力联系的可能性不大,说明中华-安昌大断层在纵向上几乎不导水。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(12)
新发煤矿位于鸡西盆地北部坳陷的北侧,断层及裂隙带是矿井与地表水、第四系含水层的主要通道。综合钻探、测井、抽水试验、电法勘探及矿井生产揭露等资料,对矿区9条典型断层特征及富、导水性进行分析,确认强富水性断层1条(F25),但导水性差;弱-中富水性断层4条(F7、F10、F11、F28),其中3条断层导水性差,仅1条具有导水性;弱富水性断层4条(F2、F3、F5、FXS3),但其中2条具有一定的导水性。通过分析还发现,矿井涌水多沿断裂面渗入,其导水以断层为主、裂隙次之;断层的富水性取决于断层与地面水体及冲积层的水力联系,而导水性取决于断层本身的破碎程度及与断层两侧含水层的接触关系。 相似文献
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基于唐山矿岳胥区奥灰岩发育特征和水文地质特征,结合安全水头、突水系数、安全隔水层厚度等3个不同指标,对研究区带压开采危险性进行了评价。结果显示:研究区奥陶纪灰岩埋深整体呈北深南浅,且存在一定范围的压煤带,井田内奥灰水水位呈北高南低的趋势,研究区内奥灰水位最高,水位标高-10~-9 m;掘进巷道安全水头值及安全隔水层厚度评价结果显示无带压开采危险,突水系数评价结果则显示研究区存在范围不等的带压开采危险区,突水危险区主要存在于研究区两侧扩大区,应注意开展奥灰水防治工作。 相似文献
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综合利用马坑矿区积累的水位、水温资料,结合前期对矿区水文地质条件的认识,查明了矿区岩溶水在疏干条件下的补给的变化特征。矿区岩溶含水层以石炭系船山组至二叠系栖霞组灰岩为主,大气降水为其主要补给来源。矿区开采过程中由于矿山采石场开采灰岩造成的溶洞出露地表、采空塌陷裂隙、第四系扰动及沟谷堵塞等使大气降水入渗补给量增大;断层破碎带使分布于灰岩含水层上部的二叠系文笔山组泥质砂岩地层具有了良好的含水性及导水性,致使其上部加福组砂岩裂隙水通过小娘坑断层及F3断层等破碎带补给岩溶水;溪马河河水沿河床与F1断层交汇段渗漏补给岩溶水;深部花岗岩低温热水也沿F1及F10断层破碎带进入矿坑。 相似文献
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昆仑山北坡岛状冻土区西大滩大型饮用矿泉群成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对昆仑山北坡岛状冻土区西大滩大型饮用矿泉群水文地质、导水与控水断裂、水化学等方面实地调查和EH-4高频、电测深勘探的基础上,认为矿泉群的补给源为昆仑山玉珠峰一带的现代冰川底部冰雪覆盖融区水、冰雪消融水、大气降水和地表水.补给源水通过具多期活动性的F3和F4正断层组破碎带补给深层地下水.深层地下水在西倾近南北向正断层组F2及F2-1,2的导水断层破碎带富集并继续向北径流,径流至F1南倾活动性逆断层上盘时,形成富水"三角区",并沿F1断层破碎带排泄出地表,是西大滩大型饮用矿泉群形成的主因. 相似文献
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Physical and geophysical data collected at a fractured-rock research site in the Blue Ridge Province of Virginia, USA indicate that recharge rates to a fractured-rock aquifer are controlled by a small-scale thrust fault associated with regional thrust faulting. Recharge rates appear to be correlated to spatial variation in the hydraulic conductivity of the regolith, which has been influenced by weathering rates and the metamorphic and structural history of the underlying parent material. The angle of dip of the thrust-fault shear zone and the fracturing within the crystalline rock adjacent to the fault plane appear to serve as geologic controls that preferentially direct infiltrated meteoric water to a deeper confined fractured-rock aquifer. In-situ analysis of electrical resistivity, matric potential and moisture content shows two distinctly different recharge processes which are spatially correlated with the structure of the shallow subsurface (regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone and regolith overlying the thrust-fault hanging wall), and which have strong temporal correlations with the dynamics of the underlying saturated conditions. Recharge flux within the regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone is strongly controlled by the orientation and areal extent of the thrust-fault shear zone, highlighting the importance of accurate delineation of recharge areas in crystalline rock aquifer systems. 相似文献
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岩质边坡渐进破坏的三维随机分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
层间错动带是岩体结构中普遍存在的一种地质现象,含错动带的岩质边坡三维分析更是岩土工程关注的难点问题。结合国内某高拱坝工程,根据岩体层间错动带的分布状况,利用等厚度节理单元模拟了坝区22层错动带和软弱夹层,利用Mohr-Coulomb准则确定节理单元的破环方式,提出了岩质边坡三维滑动面的确定方法,该方法考虑了岩石和错动带（软弱夹层）的随机性。利用弹塑性理论、可靠度理论和破坏追踪相结合的方法,通过3 000多次有限元的计算,得到了边坡滑动面的位置、形态、破坏的先后顺序、滑动的方向以及滑动到任何程度的概率度量。含层间错动带的岩质边坡渐进破坏模式可概括为边坡的破坏起始于层间错动带的剪切破坏。随着各层间错动带的破坏、边坡结构性能恶化,部分较薄的岩层变成不同支撑形式的板,然后部分岩层开始破坏,边坡开始滑动,形成一个或几个破坏台阶,直至失稳。 相似文献
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断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟试验研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过相似模拟试验方法分析了不同倾向高角度正断层, 在采动影响下顶板岩体变形破坏和矿压分布规律。结果表明, 在采动影响下断层“活化”,断层带及其影响范围内的岩体破碎, 表现为周期断裂步距小, 冒落带高, 尤其是断层下盘, 顶板稳定性差; 当工作面开采到离断层面22.5~ 30 m时, 直到断层位置的前方煤体中支承压力增大, 煤体被压碎, 且随着距断层面距离的缩小, 支承压力的峰值位置向工作面前方转移; 通过断层后, 顶板岩体中支承压力减小, 比无断层存在的情况要低。 相似文献
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Alternative water resources in granitic rock: a case study from Kinmen Island,Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tai-Sheng Liou Yuan-Hsi Lee Li-Wei Chiang Wayne Lin Tai-Rong Guo Wen-Shan Chen Jeng-Ming Chien 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(5):1033-1046
Kinmen Island is a small, tectonically stable, granitic island that has been suffering from a scarcity of fresh water resources
due to excessive annual evapotranspiration over annual precipitation. Recent studies further indicate that shallow (0–70 m)
sedimentary aquifers, the major sources of groundwater supply, have already been over-exploited. Therefore, this preliminary
study is to investigate the existence of exploitable water resources that can balance the shortage of fresh water on this
island. Site characterization data are obtained from island-wide geophysical surveys as well as small-scale tests performed
in a study area formed by three deep (maximum depth to 560 m) vertical boreholes installed in mid-east Kinmen northeast to
Taiwu Mountain. Vertical fracture frequency data indicate that the rock body is fractured with a spatially correlated pattern,
from which three major fracture zones (depths 0–70, 330–360, and below 450 m) can be identified. Geologic investigations indicate
that the deepest fracture zone is caused by the large-scale, steeply dipping Taiwushan fault. This fault may have caused a
laterally extensive low-resistivity zone, a potential fractured aquifer, near Taiwu Mountain. The middle fracture zone is
induced by the Taiwushan fault and intersects the fault approximately 21 m southeast of the study area below a depth of 350 m.
Slug testing results yield fracture transmissivity varying from 4.8 × 10−7 to 2.2 × 10−4 m2/s. Cross-hole tests have confirmed that hydraulic connectivity of the deeper rock body is controlled by the Taiwushan fault
and the middle fracture zone. This connectivity may extend vertically to the sedimentary aquifers through high-angle joint
sets. Despite the presence of a flow barrier formed by doleritic dike at about 300 m depth, the existence of fresh as well
as meteoric water in the deeper rock body manifests that certain flow paths must exist through which the deeper fractured
aquifers can be connected to the upper rock body. Therefore, groundwater stored within the Taiwushan fault and the associated
low-resistivity zone can be considered as additional fresh water resources for future exploitation. 相似文献
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断裂岩的岩石磁学研究可以揭示地震断裂作用的物理和化学环境,对于探讨地震断裂作用机制具有重要作用。本文在断裂岩岩石磁学最新文献的基础上,结合笔者及所在研究团队在龙门山断裂带获得的研究成果,综述了断裂岩的岩石磁学研究进展。大量研究发现断层泥和假玄武玻璃通常具有磁化率值或剩磁强度异常特征。顺磁性矿物在摩擦热或流体作用下形成新的铁磁性矿物是断层泥和假玄武玻璃高磁化率值或高剩磁强度的主要原因;地震断裂摩擦熔融作用中形成的单质铁是假玄武玻璃中高磁化率值或高剩磁强度异常的另一个重要原因。蠕滑断裂和出露于浅地表的断裂带中可见一些具有低磁化率值异常的断层泥,原因可能是流体作用或断裂带未经历高温摩擦热。断裂岩的岩石磁学研究为地震断裂带的应力应变、形成温度、摩擦热效应、流体作用、形成深度和氧化还原特征等提供了重要信息,可用于分析地震断裂的孕震和发震环境。综合岩石磁学测试和微米至纳米尺度的超显微学研究,并辅助地震断裂岩的摩擦实验、高温热模拟实验等研究可以更好地获得断裂岩的岩石磁学信息。 相似文献
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活动断裂带强烈复杂的构造运动会对地壳岩体产生不同程度的损伤,这些损伤能够显著影响地震破裂、地貌演化和地质灾害等地质过程,并对工程岩体稳定有较大影响,但目前鲜见对大型活动断裂地壳岩体构造损伤的深入研究。本文首次提出地壳岩体构造损伤的科学概念,揭示其具有不可逆性、累积性、非均匀性与愈合性。通过对青藏高原东缘鲜水河断裂带等6条主要活动断裂带大范围岩体露头的实测分析,采用构造结构面面密度作为表征构造损伤的定量指标,将断裂带地壳岩体划分为损伤带与围岩,测得最宽损伤带达3100 m。分析了地壳岩体损伤分布特征、变形破裂特征和损伤分布影响因素,取得如下认识:(1)损伤带主要沿活动性较强的主断裂分布,其内部具有高、低损伤区交替的分区损伤特征;(2)损伤带与围岩岩体分别表现为高应变速率与低应变速率状态下脆性损伤特征,损伤带的形成与断裂近期区域应力场密切相关;(3)表征断层发展阶段的累积位移量控制损伤带的总体规模,而其局部变化主要受控于断裂的几何展布与岩石性质;(4)提出了典型活动断裂带地壳岩体构造损伤模式。研究成果可为地震动力学、构造地貌、地质灾害和大型工程建设等提供约束地壳岩体结构的科学证据,有助于深化对活动断裂带地壳岩体力学环境的认识和理解。 相似文献
19.
断裂带是一个宽度、长度和高度均与断距呈正比关系的三维地质体,具有典型的二分结构：即断层核和破碎带。断层核由多种类型的断层岩和后期胶结物组成,具有分选差,粘土含量高,颗粒粒径小等特征,表现为具有比围岩更低的孔渗性。破碎带同围岩相比发育大量的裂缝,裂缝的密度随着离断层核距离的增大而逐渐减小,孔渗性较高。断层岩类型取决于断移地层的岩性、成岩程度和断裂变形时期。对于同生断层而言,泥岩和不纯净的砂岩主要发生泥岩涂抹作用;纯净砂岩发生解聚作用,形成颗粒重排的变形带。中成岩阶段发生断裂变形,泥岩发生泥岩涂抹作用,不纯净的砂岩发生碎裂作用和层状硅酸盐涂抹作用,形成碎裂岩和层状硅酸盐 框架断层岩;纯净砂岩主要发生碎裂作用,形成碎裂岩。晚成岩阶段发生断裂变形,碎裂作用成为主要的变形机制,泥岩破碎形成大量断层泥,不纯净的砂岩和纯净的砂岩均形成碎裂岩,其中纯净砂岩形成的碎裂岩由于石英的压溶胶结变得更致密。因此不同成岩阶段、不同岩性形成的断层岩类型不同,泥岩涂抹的排替压力高于层状硅酸盐 框架断层岩和碎裂岩,即使都是碎裂岩,其渗透率相差7个数量级。从断裂带结构看油气运移和保存,断层垂向封闭主要靠剪切型泥岩涂抹的连续性,侧向封闭能力取决于断层岩物性,物性很高的碎裂岩自身封闭能力很差,依靠两盘岩性对接封闭油气,最小断距决定油水界面位置。物性很低的断层岩一般能封住一定高度的油气柱,其是断裂带中泥质含量的函数。断层在储盖层段变形机制差异,决定了断裂输导与封闭油气的耦合,即破碎带双向输导充注,盖层段剪切型泥岩涂抹顶部封闭,断层核遮挡成藏。 相似文献
20.
For several decades the “Saqiye beds” (later renamed Yafo Formation) underlying the Coastal Plain aquifer (Kurkar Group) aquifer of Israel, were regarded as an extremely thick, tectonically undisturbed, and absolutely impervious aquiclude. Following intensive groundwater exploitation from the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer, brackish and saline waters were locally encountered in the lower parts of this aquifer and always at the contact with the underlying Yafo Formation aquiclude. The present study revealed that this aquiclude is not a uniform and impervious rock unit, but rather an alternation of pervious and impervious strata within the Yafo Formation containing highly pressured fluids of different — mostly high — salinities. The permeable beds are at an angular unconformity and in direct contact with the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer. The Yafo Formation and the underlying and overlying rock units are dislocated by numerous fault systems, which facilitate accessibility of brines into the Kurkar Group aquifer. The mobilization of the saline fluids and their injection into the Kurkar Group aquifer could be due either to diffusion of saline fluids occurring in the permeable horizons of the Petah Tiqva Member through the clays of the Yafo Formation or to their upconing following intensive pumping in the Coastal Plain aquifer. It could have also been caused by up-dip movement of saline water as the result of overpressure generated by major accumulation of gas in the permeable horizons. Another possible mechanism could be hydraulic contact with pressurized brines up-flowing along fault zones from deep-seated Jurassic or Cretaceous reservoirs. The squeezing of saline interstitial water from the clays of the Yafo Formation into the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer, is of secondary importance for groundwater salinization (its input is comparable with salt input from rain). 相似文献