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1.
对青藏铁路高寒草原植被恢复与再造的试验研究工作进行了综述分析，通过对青藏铁路建设中沱沱河试验段工程取土场的现场调查和植被恢复试验研究，结果表明：工程活动后取土场的土壤条件变化很大，质量明显下降，为做好青藏线建设过程中的植被恢复与重建，应切实作好表土回填工作，从现场试验结果来看，披碱草、早熟禾等均能较好地适应高寒草原的取土场环境，植物在生长季节能正常生长，在植被恢复的时间选择上应尽量利用青藏高原雨热同季的特点，可提高植被恢复的成功率。 相似文献
2.
梭罗草在青藏铁路取土场植被恢复中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
根据青藏铁路工程建设中的生态环境保护以及植被恢复建设的迫切需要,在青藏铁路沱沱河试验段高寒草原区取土场开展植被恢复的试验工作,主要研究和分析了梭罗草(Kengyilia thoroldiana(Oliv.)J.L.Yang,Yen et Baum)在青藏铁路取土场植被恢复中的应用,为青藏铁路工程建设中的取土场植被恢复提供科学依据.结果表明:青藏铁路建设过程中形成的取土场属次生裸地,其有机质含量为3.31 g.kg-1,pH为8.84.梭罗草为高原干旱地区乡土多年生草本植物,具有耐寒旱、抗风沙以及耐盐碱等特性.在取土场植物的出苗率接近50%,越冬率可达75%以上.恢复第2年植物群落盖度为41%,群落地上生物量和地下生物量分别达到(128.16±41.85)g.m-2和(266.50±95.69)g.m-2.可见,无论是种子萌发和植物越冬,还是植物个体生长发育以及人工植物群落特征,梭罗草表现出对青藏铁路沿线高寒干旱地区气候和土壤环境具有较好的适应性.只要采用高原乡土植物种类和采取相应的植被恢复技术措施,青藏铁路多年冻土区取土场次生裸地的植被快速恢复是可行的. 相似文献
3.
通过现场工程试验研究,进一步论证了水泥粘结基材替代化学粘结基材的岩质边坡绿化技术的可行性;同时提出了岩质边坡工程绿化应按"循序渐进"来进行植被恢复的理念. 相似文献
4.
寒区线性工程沿线冻土区的植被恢复 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
寒区油气管道、公路、铁路等线性工程占地、建设和开挖对沿线寒区生态环境是一个切割、破碎的过程, 对自然植被和下伏冻土造成了很大的扰动. 管道泄露引发的油污还可引起植被的退化和死亡. 植被覆盖层破坏后改变了原有的地气界面之间的水、热交换条件和力学性质, 反过来又可加速引发下伏冻土和线性工程地基的退化. 基于保护线性工程地基及下伏冻土的目的, 同时顺应环境保护的要求, 目前就寒区线性工程的植被恢复问题已经有许多探索和实践. 当前, 寒区植被恢复注重最低限度的人为介入干预下的自然恢复, 根据线性工程沿线土壤、湿度、营养条件、物种分布和丰度, 视具体情况选择物种, 确定建植方法. 阿拉斯加管道和青藏铁路植被恢复上的经验和方法, 可为拟建的冻土区中俄输油管道项目沿线的植被恢复问题提供科学的参考和借鉴. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原多年冻土地区公路边坡植被生长的观测与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原多年冻土地区, 具有海拔高、气温低等特点. 2000年和2001年分别在青藏公路两道河和头二九附近的公路边坡, 开展了植被恢复试验. 采用垂穗披碱草、老芒麦等植物种类混播的方式, 喷播法种植, 播种当年就可以建立良好的植被. 8 a的跟踪观测结果表明, 植被一旦建立, 能够正常越冬、返青. 在牛羊啃食、践踏的情况下, 植被能保持良好的生长状态, 地下生物量积累不断增多. 假设植被能一直保持良好生长状态, 人工植被生物量要恢复到自然群落水平, 在两道河至少需要几十年, 在头二九约需十几年. 但由于野生植物种类入侵速度较慢, 人工植被要真正恢复到自然植被状态则需要更加漫长的时间. 相似文献
6.
植被退化对高寒土壤水文特征的影响 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
在黄河源冻土严重退化地区,采用选择典型区域和样地进行实验和模型模拟的方法,对不同植被退化特征条件下高寒土壤的水分特征曲线、土壤饱和导水率、土壤入渗及土壤水分进行研究.结果表明:Gradner和Visser提出的经验方程θ=AS-B对该地区土壤水分特征曲线有良好的模拟性;不同植被盖度条件下土壤的饱和导水率和土壤入渗有明显的区别,表层0～10cm范围内,黑土滩的饱和导水率和入渗强度最强,30cm以下土层中土壤饱和导水率、入渗强度以及土壤含水量几乎不受植被的影响.随植被退化表层土壤含水量出现明显降低,退化越严重,水分流失越多,最多时能达到38.6%,植被根系最发达的10～20cm范围的土壤含水量流失对高寒草甸土壤环境影响最大,水分流失导致退化草甸恢复难度较大.通过比较研究,在黄河源地区考斯加科夫(Kostiakov)入渗公式f(t)=at-b更适用于该研究区域高寒草甸土壤水分入渗过程的研究. 相似文献
7.
利用2000-2012年的MODIS增强植被指数(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)数据,结合研究区3个气象台站长期的气象数据,分析了青藏公路沿线植被变化总体趋势,以及不同整修措施对周边植被覆盖带来的不同影响.通过实地考察,选取了16个受工程活动影响的典型路边样方,3个铁路边样方和8个远离公路铁路的自然样方,对比路边和自然样方,分析植被的自我恢复能力以及4个主要影响因子.结果表明:青藏公路沿线植被覆盖变化是在整个气候变化的背景下,叠加了工程活动的影响.植被的恢复能力与其所在路段的地形、植被覆盖度、气候条件、以及工程活动的强度均有关系,抑制植被生长的因素越多,植被恢复越慢. 相似文献
8.
黄河源区是我国最大的自然保护区之一,但近年来存在一系列严重的生态环境退化现象。来自地下水的基流量的变化正是植被生长环境变化的直接反映,因此开展基流量变化研究对于高寒干旱区的生态环境变化规律认识与环境恢复都具有重要的科学价值。黄河源区地下水位变化对植被生长具有直接的影响,研究结果表明：1956-1998年来自地下水的基流量总体上呈现枯—丰—枯的变化规律,表明了源区地下水位呈现低—高—低的总体变化规律;源区的基流量与地表植被的生长之间具有良好的相关性,汛期降水之后,地下水对植被生长的影响逐渐增大。 相似文献
9.
多年冻土区冻土生态系统对气候变化极其敏感,利用在长江黄河源区实测的高寒草甸和高寒草原植被生物量数据以及青藏高原降水、气温以及地温等的空间分布规律,建立了长江黄河源区高寒草甸与高寒草原等主要高寒生态系统地上与地下现存生物量对气候要素变化的多元回归模型.预测分析表明：如果未来10 a气温增加0.44℃.（10a）^-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量分别递减2.7%和2.4%,如果同时降水量小幅度增加8 mm.（10a）^-1,则地上生物量可基本保持现状水平略有减少;在气温增加2.2℃.（10a）^-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量年分别平均减少达6.8%和4.6%,如果同期降水量增加12 mm.（10a）^-1,高寒草甸地上生物量可基本维持现状水平略有增加,而高寒草原地上生物量则递增5.2%.高寒草原植被地上生物量对气候增暖的响应幅度显著小于高寒草甸,而对降水增加的响应程度大于高寒草甸.明确高寒草地植被生物量随气候变化的演变趋势,对于青藏高原生态环境保护和研究气候变化对青藏高原生态系统碳循环和河源区水循环的影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原多年冻土区典型高寒草地生物量对气候变化的响应 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
多年冻土区冻土生态系统对气候变化极其敏感,利用在长江黄河源区实测的高寒草甸和高寒草原植被生物量数据以及青藏高原降水、气温以及地温等的空间分布规律,建立了长江黄河源区高寒草甸与高寒草原等主要高寒生态系统地上与地下现存生物量对气候要素变化的多元回归模型.预测分析表明:如果未来10 a气温增加0.44℃.(10a)-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量分别递减2.7%和2.4%,如果同时降水量小幅度增加8 mm.(10a)-1,则地上生物量可基本保持现状水平略有减少;在气温增加2.2℃.(10a)-1,在降水量不变的情况下,高寒草甸和高寒草原地上生物量年分别平均减少达6.8%和4.6%,如果同期降水量增加12 mm.(10a)-1,高寒草甸地上生物量可基本维持现状水平略有增加,而高寒草原地上生物量则递增5.2%.高寒草原植被地上生物量对气候增暖的响应幅度显著小于高寒草甸,而对降水增加的响应程度大于高寒草甸.明确高寒草地植被生物量随气候变化的演变趋势,对于青藏高原生态环境保护和研究气候变化对青藏高原生态系统碳循环和河源区水循环的影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献