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1.
垦西特稠油化学降粘机理的研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
陈艳玲  胡江 《地球科学》1998,23(6):605-609
详细研究了胜利油田垦西特稠油中的胶质、沥青质用降粘剂处理前后的红外特征吸收峰和透射电镜照片的变化。由红外光谱数据和透射电镜分析可知,降粘剂分子借助强的形成氢键的能力和渗透、分散作用进入胶质和沥青质片状分子之间,破坏了胶质、沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体,使聚集结构变得疏松,表明聚集有序性降低是稠油降粘的主要机理。  相似文献   

2.
采用盆栽试验,分析龙葵+胶质芽孢杆菌的植物-微生物组合在修复石墨尾矿砂Cd污染的有效性。试验结果表明:接种芽孢杆菌可以一定程度降低土壤中的PH值,提升土壤中Cd的生物活性,将土壤中有效Cd的含量提高46.03%,使龙葵吸收的Cd浓度提高了23.53%;同时胶质芽孢杆菌还可以通过解磷、解钾作用促进龙葵的生长,使龙葵的单株生物量提高112%。由于胶质芽孢杆菌对龙葵修复效率的提升使得龙葵+胶质芽孢杆菌组合在单一生长周期内可使净化率达到14.7%,该组合在石墨尾矿砂Cd污染治理中有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
华北地区煤的显微组分结焦性热台试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
康西栋  潘银苗 《地球科学》1997,22(2):181-184
为探讨煤的显微组分的结焦性,对不同变质程度煤的镜质组、壳质组和惰性组分别进行了显微镜热台加热试验.在加热过程中,活性组分经历了3个明显不同的变化阶段,即变形阶段、胶质体形成阶段以及固化阶段.随煤变质程度的增加,镜质组的初变温度和胶质体形成时的温度逐渐增大,而固结温度变化规律不明显;壳质组在低变质阶段因受热而挥发掉,但随煤级增高其变形程度减弱;半镜质组在受热过程中也有变形和少量胶质体形成,而惰性组只发生微弱变化.在低变质阶段,活性显微组分形成的焦炭显微结构以各向同性为主;随变质程度的增高,焦炭显微结构中各向异性成分比例增大  相似文献   

4.
碳酸钙颗粒的细菌诱导形成   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)在特定条件下能否诱导合成碳酸钙,作者采用胶质芽孢杆菌两种常用基本培养基(有氮培养基和无氮培养基),以磷灰石矿物为钙源,进行了利用胶质芽孢杆菌促进碳酸钙形成的实验,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱定量分析(EDS)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等手段观察分析形成碳酸...  相似文献   

5.
以胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)与黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为例,比较了细菌与真菌对黑云母风化作用的异同点,为研究微生物风化矿物的作用机制提供了实验依据。分别采用有氮培养基和察氏培养基作为胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉的实验培养基,并以黑云母矿粉为钾源,培养5天后利用ICP-OES、SEM及酶活测定等方法,对发酵液中各种离子浓度、矿物表面形貌以及发酵液中碳酸酐酶(CA)活性进行检测。胶质芽孢杆菌与矿物通过多糖等黏性物质紧紧黏附在一起形成细菌-矿物复合体,而黑曲霉与矿物相互作用则形成了真菌-矿物聚集体。黑曲霉培养液中离子溶出量总体高于胶质芽孢杆菌培养液,其中Al 3+、Fe3+和K+含量分别高出约17、30和3mg/L;分泌的酸性物质的量和CA活性都明显高于胶质芽孢杆菌,表明黑曲霉拥有对矿物更强的风化能力。  相似文献   

6.
本文通过分析煤炭反射率和直方图数据在我厂煤质管理和配煤比确定中的应用,详细论述了煤岩直方图解决混煤的情况,阐明了反射率和粘结指数及胶质层厚度与结焦性的关系,得出了利用反射率和直方图结合常规分析控制焦炭质量的结论。  相似文献   

7.
通过胶质水泥浆及止水工艺方法在山西山阴县合盛堡示范井中应用,总结了一套运用胶质水泥浆止水在地方病严重区成井止水的工艺方法,为水文水井成井止水起到典型示范作用.  相似文献   

8.
柴达木盆地西部原油主要形成于高盐强还原环境和有机质低成熟演化阶段。这种特殊成油环境,为研究原油中极性生物标志物示踪作用提供了有利条件。对6个原油胶质馏分硅醚衍生物进行了GC—MS分析,从中检出丰富的脂肪酸、烷基醇、脂肪酸甘油—酯、酰胺和甾烯醇化合物,并且脂肪酸甘油—酯为首次从原油中检出。研究认为,这些生物标志化合物主要来自母源。它们的分布特征为链状化合物以短链组分为主,甾醇主要为C27甾烯醇,指示成油母质主要为菌藻类;高丰度脂肪酸甘油—酯的存在,提出生物油脂是这些原油的重要成油母质。原油中存在不饱和链状化合物及其高的CPI值和甾烯醇都说明原油具有低的成熟度。通过原油极性和烷烃化合物的对比研究,认为成油物质及其低演化产物的可溶有机质胶质组分,对原油的形成可能起了重要的作用。  相似文献   

9.
采用泥浆-水泥-水玻璃胶质浆液灌浆堵漏工艺处理裂隙发育的超深孔浆液严重漏失问题;对堵漏机理、方法进行理论分析;结合现场应用情况谈几点认识,并对该工艺进行了经济效益评价。  相似文献   

10.
采用泥浆-水泥-水玻璃胶质浆液灌浆堵漏工艺处理裂隙发育的超深孔浆液严重漏失问题;对堵漏机理、方法进行理论分析;结合现场应用情况谈几点认识,并对该工艺进行了经济效益评价。  相似文献   

11.
泡沫潜孔锤应用于水文水井钻探的钻进工艺初探   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
泡沫潜孔锤是将普通潜孔锤的工作介质从单一流体(空气)变成两相流体的压缩泡沫,并以泡沫作为动力介质驱动潜孔锤工作的新型工艺方法.从分析泡沫潜孔锤的结构特点和工作原理出发,结合室内实验,在钻进设备的配套、灌注系统的设计、钻进规程参数的选择等方面,对泡沫潜孔锤应用于水文水井钻探的钻进工艺进行了研究.结果表明,泡沫潜孔锤钻进技术有着广泛的应用前景.  相似文献   

12.
王艳丽 《探矿工程》2011,38(7):22-24,28
针对岩屑类型、粒径、浓度对泡沫剂的发泡性和半衰期影响进行试验研究,从而为泡沫剂的实际应用提出指导,使泡沫钻进工艺更好地发挥其优势,解决钻探施工中遇到的许多难题。经过多年的性能改进,ADF-3泡沫剂的发泡性能和半衰期不断提高,广泛应用于水井、瓦斯排放井等施工中,尤其是在气动潜孔锤钻进中发挥了其独特的作用。  相似文献   

13.
熊亮  孔耀祖 《探矿工程》2009,36(4):10-12
泡沫作为一种特殊的钻井流体,其在环空中的泡沫质量、密度、稳定性以及流动状态等都将受到井内温度变化的影响。针对这一问题,通过实验,研究了温度对发泡液起泡能力及泡沫稳定性的影响。实验发现:基液的发泡能力受基液配方和发泡温度影响很大,在一定范围内温度升高可以提高泡沫的稳定性,但温度过高又会对泡沫的稳定性起反作用。  相似文献   

14.
The fluid transfer of radionuclides in the geologic medium is considered under conditions when radionuclides are contained in fluids not only as solutes but also as colloids. The effect of colloidal transport of radionuclides on the rate of spreading of radioactive contamination in an underground medium is estimated, with assessment of this effect in mathematical models describing the transport of radionuclides by subsurface water. For this purpose, the exchange of radionuclides between subsurface water, colloid, and an immobile solid phase is considered, taking into account the precipitation of colloidal particles on both the immobile solid phase and other colloidal particles and their recurrent mobilization into the liquid phase. It is noted that, in real colloidal transfer, the heterogeneity of the geologic medium and colloidal particles in subsurface water is of great importance. The known models of colloidal transfer of radionuclides are evaluated on the basis of the analysis performed.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, Illumina sequencing was used for the identification of bulking and foaming bacteria in industrial wastewater treatment plants. The reliable identification of bulking and foaming bacteria represents the first step in developing effective and specific control strategies to avoid disturbances in activated sludge systems. Illumina sequencing revealed 432 16S rRNA operational taxonomic units, representing phylotypes and including 21 bulking and foaming bacteria in the two investigated industrial wastewater treatment plants. Foaming represents the most severe problem in the cascade biology system. Up to 22.5% of all sequencing reads are bulking and foaming bacteria, including Chryseobacterium, Candidatus Microthrix parvicella and Gordonia sp. as the dominant bulking and foaming bacteria which are known for foam formation. Moreover, Illumina sequencing revealed an increase in Candidatus Microthrix parvicella and Gordonia sp. reads from activated sludge to foam and scum samples, indicating a preferred flotation and/or growth advantages in the foam and scum layers. Analyses of the taxonomic assignment and distribution showed that the phylum Actinobacteria is the most dominant phylum, underlining the key role of Actinobacteria in bulking and foaming. Multivariate data analysis was applied, revealing that the dominant bulking and foaming bacteria are positively correlated with the sludge age and influent flow and negatively correlated with the dissolved oxygen level and the temperature. In terms of developing a specific control strategy, the positive linear relationships to the fatty acid and surfactant sludge loadings are highlighted and the removal of lipid compounds from the wastewater influent could avoid an overgrowth of bulking and foaming bacteria.  相似文献   

16.
The rheological study of colloidal suspensions contributes to the understanding of the aggregation phenomena of colloidal particles within a suspended fluid. The infra-2-μm (equivalent diameter) fraction of a bulk material, Volclay MX-80 bentonite was intensively analysed in order to understand the relative rheological data scattering observed with Li-smectite suspensions, prepared with the usual saturation procedure. A good mineralogical characterisation, especially for secondary minerals, coupled to a verification of cation exchanges on clayey fraction allowed us to propose a new way for investigating the observed differences of the bentonites rheological behaviour. Indeed, for a well Li-saturated smectite obtained from the purified infra-2-μm fraction, rheological data proved to be very accurate and perfectly reproducible. This emphasises the role of other minerals as well as the commonly observed discrepancy between the rheological behaviours of natural and industrial bentonites.  相似文献   

17.
利用分子模拟软件Materials Studio(MS)建立了一定温度、压力条件下,考虑含水煤层、泡沫压裂液起泡剂、稳泡剂相互作用的狭缝孔分子模拟模型。基于分子扩散理论计算并评价了分别在常见的4种起泡剂以及4种稳泡剂影响下的甲烷分子扩散能力大小。结果表明,与原始含水煤层相比,加入起泡剂十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和甜菜碱后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了71.3%、74.7%、56.3%和54.0%。相比于仅加入起泡剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)的情况下,加入稳泡剂聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和羧甲基纤维素后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了63.2%、57.9%、55.3%和71.1%。据此可知,起泡剂是降低含水煤层中甲烷扩散能力的主要因素,而稳泡剂的使用会进一步降低甲烷扩散能力。在起泡剂和稳泡剂的共同影响下,甲烷自扩散系数降低超过了80%,这对煤层气产出极为不利。建议在保证泡沫压裂液泡沫性能前提下,通过优化起泡剂分子结构、减少用量以减小起泡剂和稳泡剂对甲烷扩散的影响,并尽量避免使用大分子稳泡剂。   相似文献   

18.
A numerical model is developed for investigating the evolution of fracture permeability in a coupled fracture-matrix system in the presence of fracture-skin with simultaneous colloidal and bacterial tr...  相似文献   

19.
罗布泊盐湖深部钾盐地质科学钻探LDK02孔钻遇地层主要为第四系松散层,其中,卵砾石层及砂层孔段易发生坍塌埋钻事故,粘土层孔段易缩径卡钻,导致钻探施工中孔壁极不稳定、极易引发孔内事故;现场使用卤水配制冲洗液,对冲洗液处理剂性能影响较大,导致配制的冲洗液胶体稳定性差、易沉淀分层、不能有效悬浮和携带岩粉。针对上述问题,对现场卤水进行了离子成分分析,选用抗盐性能好的处理剂配制卤水冲洗液,在LDK02孔现场应用,取得了良好效果,保证了钻探施工的顺利实施。  相似文献   

20.
Elemental size distributions, from truly dissolved through colloidal to particulate, have been studied in a subarctic boreal river. The measurements, carried out during 2002, ranged from winter to summer conditions, including an intense spring flood event. Results are reported for a total of 42 elements. Size distributions were characterised using a combination of cross-flow (ultra)filtration (CFF), flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). The three techniques showed similar trends, but quantitative comparisons reveal some important differences that warrant further investigation.Previous work has identified two colloidal carrier phases in fresh waters, dominated by iron and carbon, respectively. The majority of the elements studied are associated with one or both of these colloidal carrier phases. The exceptions are the alkali metals and several anions that are only very weakly associated with colloidal material, and which therefore occur mainly as truly dissolved material (<1 kDa in molecular weight). We discuss the likely origin for the two colloidal carrier phases and consider how associated trace elements fit into the geochemical framework. The relative affinities of the elements for iron and carbon colloidal carrier phases are related to their chemistries, and are compared with earlier data from the Delsjö Creek in southern Sweden.Elemental colloidal concentrations show strong seasonal variations related to changes in the colloidal carrier phase(s) with which they associate. In particular, many elements show a strong spring maximum in colloidal concentrations associated with the strong maximum in colloidal carbon concentration during the spring flood.  相似文献   

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