共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
塔里木溢流玄武岩省的巨型长英质热火山碎屑流爆发记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在塔里木盆地西北缘的柯坪地区二叠系库普库兹满组和开派兹雷克组玄武岩之间发现厚层长英质火山碎屑岩层序。该层序包括可见含交错层理的空落火山灰层、三层含增生火山砾的火山灰、熔结凝灰岩和再沉积熔结凝灰岩。层序下部为与其准同时喷发的玄武质火山碎屑岩和玄武质熔岩流。利用锆石U-Pb法确定熔结凝灰岩层的喷发年龄为290.9±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.12),该年龄限定了库普库兹满组玄武岩喷发的截止时间。长英质火山碎屑岩层序中的增生火山砾由粒度250μm的长英质玻屑组成,且长宽比均1.5。根据形貌、结构和岩相学特征,将增生火山砾分为三类,分别对应热火山碎屑流从起始(TypeⅡ,coated ash pellet)到极盛(TypeⅠ,accretionary lapillus)再逐渐衰弱(TypeⅢ,ash pellet)的过程。由于喷发规模巨大,该火山层序很可能广泛分布于盆地内,可能是确定全盆地溢流玄武岩喷发时限的一个关键标志层。 相似文献
2.
晚三叠世火山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源岩发育的影响 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
岩芯和露头剖面观察结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源层中广泛分布薄层和纹层状凝灰岩,薄层凝灰岩的SiO2含量介于49．37％-72．45％之间,以中、酸性为主。岩石薄片的镜下观察结果表明,常见晶屑凝灰岩、玻屑凝灰岩和双屑凝灰岩,并可见到呈有序结构（成分和粒度）的凝灰岩纹层,同期喷发、大气降落沉积特征明显。根据其岩石类型、主元素和微量元素组成、锆石U—Pb年龄等的对比,以及凝灰岩的平面分布特征判断,盆地内长7优质烃源层中的凝灰岩可能主要来自秦岭地区的同期火山喷发活动。扬子与华北陆块碰撞、秦岭造山的区域构造活动的活跃是引起长7最大湖泛的主要动力因素,为优质烃源岩发育提供了基本的地质条件,同期频繁的火山喷发活动与湖底热液活动等共同促进了优质烃源岩的大规模发育。 相似文献
3.
松辽盆地东缘下白垩统营城组二段火山碎屑岩的发育特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过精细的野外剖面测量,发现松辽盆地东缘营城组二段中发育熔岩、凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩。凝灰岩包括熔结凝灰岩、岩屑晶屑凝灰岩、灰球泥粒凝灰岩和角砾凝灰岩。这表明作为火山活动间歇期的营城组二段沉积期依然存在一定规模的火山活动,其沉积作用具有独特的火山和沉积双重控制的特点,区别于正常的沉积作用。营城组二段是一套介于火山岩和陆源碎屑岩之间的过渡岩性,物源既有来自同期火山喷发,也有来自营城组一段和营城组下段以及更老的地层的风化剥蚀。由于存在火山物质和陆源剥蚀物质的双重物源及存在火山物质堆积和沉积作用的双重机理,这套岩石在类型上具有特殊性。存在特殊的火山-沉积作用类型,主要为冲积平原上热碎屑流河道沉积、冲积平原泛滥盆地上热基浪沉积、冲积平原泛滥盆地上空落火山灰云沉积。 相似文献
4.
应用古火山地质学和岩石地球化学对白银厂中酸性火山穹隆内的凝灰岩、昌屑凝灰岩、中酸性枕状、绳状熔岩和具有特殊构造的补丁岩等火山碎屑碉进行了较快速度沉降并堆积成岩,产于火山喷口附近。海底成矿热液蚀变作用使其ＳｉＯ２、ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＣＯ２等化学成分发生变化。凝灰质千枚岩则是细火山灰在海吕中经缓慢的沉降后形成于远离火山口的火山斜坡上的火山－沉积变质岩。根据“０补丁”的成分可将补丁岩分为两种类型：绿泥石质 相似文献
5.
基于地震、录测井、试采等资料,开展火山喷发期次、火山机构、储集层沉积环境、岩石学特征、孔喉结构特征和成藏富集研究。结果表明,条湖组沉积时期具多期次火山喷发,火山机构叠置;储集层具火山口湖相、火山堰塞湖相及远火山口的湖相沉积特点;有利储集体岩性为中酸性玻屑沉凝灰岩,脱玻化微孔和晶屑溶蚀微孔为主要储集空间。认为烃源岩的有效配置及持续充注、盆地稳定的构造背景和浅水湖盆环境、火山湖相发育规模、中酸性火山灰和空降成因沉积方式、后期脱玻化和溶蚀作用、沟通条湖组储集体的断缝疏导体系,共同控制着油藏的富集及成藏规模。 相似文献
6.
阿勒坦达坂金锑矿处于博罗科努岛弧带中[1].主要地层为中泥盆统汗吉尕组,岩性为泥质粉砂岩、石英岩屑砂岩、钙质砂岩夹火山灰凝灰岩、火山角砾岩等.构造主要为NW向,褶皱、断裂十分发育,褶皱主要为紧密线型,断裂均为中、高角度逆断层,总体上组合成叠瓦式. 1 矿区地质特征 岩石及其蚀变 矿区出露的岩石主要为灰褐、浅褐色火山灰凝灰岩夹少量火山角砾岩,火山碎屑岩中侵入有少量脉状及小岩株状花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩.岩石受断裂构造及脉岩和小侵入体的影响,具有不同程度的硅化、绿泥石化和退色化现象,局部断裂破碎带内形成n×10-2~n m厚,… 相似文献
7.
为了探讨储层微观孔隙特征及产能规律,给火山岩油气开发提供有利依据,通过对松辽盆地德惠断陷营城组凝灰岩进行岩心描述,结合测井、地震资料,X 衍射、扫描电镜、物性、含气性等数据进行构造背景分析,开展了凝灰岩储层地质特征综合研究.结果表明:研究区营城组凝灰岩矿物成分主要为石英、长石和黏土矿物,凝灰岩发生了风化蚀变作用,火山灰偏中性;区内凝灰岩在横向上分布广泛,在纵向上由多个叠合单元构成,测井曲线具“三高两低”的特征.按照凝灰岩的发育规模和含气性特征将火山机构分成小规模、中规模和大规模凝灰岩火山机构３类.凝灰岩储层为中孔低渗型储层,为低产储层,其低产因素有两个:一是黏土矿物(尤其是伊蒙混层)质量分数较高,二是受深部压实作用影响.凝灰岩储层次生孔隙所占比例大于８０％,主要储集空间类型为溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝,溶蚀孔主要以长石溶蚀孔和基质溶蚀孔为主,裂缝发育是形成凝灰岩优质储层的关键因素,在中浅部(尤其是构造高部位)地区易形成高产气层,利用测井曲线(补偿中子＋密度)可有效预测凝灰岩储层. 相似文献
8.
蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中片钠铝石胶结物的成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中发育大量的片钠铝石自生矿物。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析等,查明了火山碎屑岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型和成岩共生序列。含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩的成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-一期微晶石英-一期高岭石-二期微晶石英、二期高岭石、片钠铝石-铁白云石;通过MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪确定了片钠铝石和铁白云石的稳定同位素组成为片钠铝石的δ13CPDB为-8.15‰~-2.81‰,与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13CCO2为-12.91‰~-7.55‰,通过与海拉尔盆地及BGS盆地系碳氧同位素数据的类比,表明片钠铝石中的碳主要为幔源岩浆来源,形成片钠铝石的钠和铝主要来源于安山岩岩屑、长石晶屑碎屑、玻屑和火山灰等;铁白云石的δ13CPDB为-6.76‰~-2.65‰,与片钠铝石的碳氧同位素数据相似,结合相关地质实例及地球化学模拟实验,可以推断铁白云石中的碳也是幔源岩浆来源,铁白云石中的铁离子主要来源于安山岩岩屑、玻屑、火山灰和蒙脱石等矿物。 相似文献
9.
广西合山长兴组中的火山岩和火山沉积岩 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 广西合山上二迭统长兴组中的火山岩,前人已有报道。最近,笔者发现合山长兴组上部晶屑玻屑凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩中,找到生物化石,经有关同志鉴定有:(虫筵)Palaeofusulina,放射虫Flustrella,有孔虫Colaniella及棘皮类碎片。合山长兴组中的火山岩和火山沉积岩可分为三类:1.晶屑—玻屑熔结凝灰岩;2.晶屑—玻屑层凝灰岩;3.含生物晶屑凝 相似文献
10.
黑龙江尚志一面坡固安屯组火山碎屑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对黑龙江尚志一面坡地区固安屯组砂、板岩中火山碎屑岩的夹层晶屑凝灰岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和地球化学分析。结果表明,岩石Si O2含量为63.43%~75.01%,相对较高,主要为英安质和流纹质晶屑凝灰岩,属于钙碱性系列和高钾钙碱性系列;具有富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K等,而亏损Sr元素;轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,有较明显的负铕异常,具有火山弧岩浆成分特点。主要获得晶屑凝灰岩,加权平均年龄为258.0±1.6 Ma(MSWD=0.113),代表固安屯组上部火山碎屑岩夹层的形成年龄。此结果表明,在黑龙江尚志一面坡地区发育的固安屯组的形成时代为晚二叠世。 相似文献
11.
鲕粒,豆粒磷块岩的显微结构和生成特点 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
晚震旦世陡山沱组和早寒武世渔户村组、辛集组磷矿中有各种鮞粒、豆粒磷块岩。豆粒、鮞粒内核的成分和结构复杂,有来自陆地的各种岩石砂屑、细砾,也有盆内沉积物破碎成的各种内碎屑。鮞粒、豆粒的壳层是同心纹层状磷灰石,它是内核在富磷海水扰动中逐层淀积而成。大部分豆粒、鮞粒在滨海高能浅水中与陆源砂、砾和岔内碎屑沉积在一起,少量鮞粒则沉积在滨外深水低能环境巾。豆粒、鮞粒和碎屑等沉积后又被不同物质胶结。 相似文献
12.
The two known massive Cu-Zn sulphide deposits in the steeply dipping strata of the Golden Grove District of Western Australia — the Gossan Hill Deposit and Scuddles Prospect — both have a multi-element secondary geochemical dispersion halo in the pisolitic layer of laterite of probable Tertiary age. The Gossan Hill geochemical anomaly is about 1.5 × 2 km and has a Bi-Sn-Mo-In-Sb-As-Cu-Au association. Mean compositions of pisolitic laterite samples range from 4 to 18 times background, with maxima for Bi, Sn and Mo reaching 90 to 100 times background. Relief of Gossan Hill, which rises some 80 m above the laterite plain, would have favoured dispersion during lateritization. Nevertheless at Scuddles, where the laterite surface has only a gentle slope across strike, an anomaly in pisolitic laterite measures 1 to 1.5 by 1.5 to 2.0 km. The anomalous association, Bi-Sn-Mo-Sb-As, is similar to that at Gossan Hill; the mean contents in pisolitic laterite samples from the Scuddles anomaly range from 2.3 to 8 times background, with maxima for Bi being 12 times background.At Gossan Hill, individual pisolites and the concretionary skins contain gossan fragments and cassiterite, indicating mechanical dispersion during interitization. However, anomalous Cu, Zn and As in goethites of the concretionary skins of pisolites and nodules from the centre of the anomaly indicate that there has also been hydromorphic dispersion.The geochemical characteristics of pisolitic laterite samples have been represented by empirically derived additive indices based on up to eleven chalcophile elements. One index is suggested as a method to increase anomaly size and simplify interpretation; a more specific index based on Bi, Sn and Se is suggested for defining more closely the actual centres of mineralization.For routine exploration of lateritic terrain where the dips of the host sequence are steep, 320-m spacing of samples on a triangular grid appears suitable for locating anomalies and generally defining their source. However, for reconnaissance exploration, the density of sampling could be significantly reduced for example to 1 km spacing. 相似文献
13.
The sedimentary-volcanic tuff (locally called "green-bean rock") formed during the early Middle Triassic volcanic event in Guizhou Province is characterized as being thin, stable, widespread, short in forming time and predominantly green in color. The green-bean rock is a perfect indicator for stratigraphic division. Its petrographic and geochemical features are unique, and it is composed mainly of glassy fragments and subordinately of crystal fragments and volcanic ash balls. Analysis of the major and trace elements and rare-earth elements (REE), as well as the related diagrams, permits us to believe that the green-bean rock is acidic volcanic material of the calc-alkaline series formed in the Indosinian orogenic belt on the Sino-Vietnam border, which was atmospherically transported to the tectonically stable areas and then deposited as sedimentary-volcanic rocks there. According to the age of green-bean rock, it is deduced that the boundary age of the Middle-Lower Triassic overlain by the sedimentary-volcanic tuff is about 247 Ma. 相似文献
14.
某些矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的自组织成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先综述了矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的基本特征,接着提出该鲕状结构的二阶段成因模式(早期胶团从沉积物中的快速形成和晚期胶团在自催化反馈机制的作用下的有序化)。最后,用自组织(耗散结掏) 理论和动力学分析方法揭示出如下结论:①自催化反馈机理是胶团中杂质元素的催化结晶;②胶团在有序化过程中能形成时-空有序的自组织结构即鲕粒同心层;③胶团中凝胶浓度和杂质元素浓度在相空间内为一极限环,定态胶团失稳后将沿着极限环闭轨演化并最终形成同心层状矿物鲕粒。寻找有序结构和自反馈机制是研究自组织结构的有效方法 相似文献
15.
16.
安徽巢湖地区早三叠世火山碎屑流的岩石学特征及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽巢湖早三叠世青龙组南陵湖段中的火山碎屑流沉积物,由火山碎屑岩组成,可分为英安 质角砾岩、英安质晶屑－玻屑凝灰角砾岩、英安质玻屑－晶屑凝灰岩和凝灰质灰岩四种岩石类型。沉积 层序分为两个旋回,包括Ｂｏｕｍａ序列的Ａ—Ｃ、Ａ—Ｅ段。层序分析表明,是介于近源和远源之间的过渡 相,属于斜坡沉积环境,物质来源于巢湖以南的浅海区火山喷发物质。 相似文献
17.
J. McPhie 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):417-433
The Hianana Volcanics consist of bedded tuff and dacitic lava that form a locally mappable unit within the extensive, Late Permian silicic volcanic sequence of northeastern New South Wales. Principal components of the bedded tuff are crystal and volcanic lithic fragments ranging from coarse ash to lapilli, accompanied by variable amounts of fine ash matrix. Well denned plane parallel thin bedding is characteristic. Sandwave bed forms, including low‐angle cross‐beds and wavy beds, are confined to an area of 2–3 km2 coinciding with the thickest sections (70 m) of bedded tuff. A high‐aspect ratio flow of porphyritic dacitic lava overlies the bedded tuff in the same area. The setting, lithofacies, extent and geometry of the bedded tuffs of the Hianana Volcanics are comparable with modern tuff rings which are composed of the deposits from base surges generated by explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions at primary volcanic vents. Many of these have also discharged lava late in their activity. Proximal parts of the Hianana tuff ring were buried by the porphyritic lava after the phreatomagmatic eruptions had ceased. In more distal sections, the bedded tuff is less than 10 m thick and dominantly comprises fine grained, plane parallel, very thin beds and laminae; these features suggest an origin by fallout from ash clouds that accompanied the phreatomagmatic eruptions. The distal ash was covered and preserved from erosion by a layer of welded ignimbrite, the source of which is unknown. 相似文献
18.
对研究区变质岩的岩石学、地球化学研究表明,金水口群中-深变质岩原岩的为一套以火山岩为主的火山-沉积组合。火山岩主要为晶屑凝灰岩、岩屑凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩等,属钙碱性岩系。沉积岩为泥灰岩。火山岩构造环境应属活动大陆边缘。 相似文献
19.
XIAO Jiafei 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(4):338-344
The sedimentary-volcanic tuff （locally called ＂green-bean rock＂） formed during the early Middle Triassic volcanic event in Guizhou Province is characterized as being thin, stable, widespread, short in forming time and predominantly green in color. The green-bean rock is a perfect indicator for stratigraphic division. Its petrographic and geochemical features are unique, and it is composed mainly of glassy fragments and subordinately of crystal fragments and volcanic ash balls. Analysis of the major and trace elements and rare-earth elements （ REE）, as well as the related diagrams, permits us to believe that the green-bean rock is acidic volcanic material of the calc-alkaline series formed in the Indosinian orogenic belt on the Sino-Vietnam border, which was atmospherically transported to the tectonically stable areas and then deposited as sedimentary-volcanic rocks there. According to the age of green-bean rock, it is deduced that the boundary age of the Middle-Lower Triassic overlain by the sedimentary-volcanic tuff is about 247 Ma. 相似文献